ONLINE MOMBASA COUNTY FOOTBALL MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM

“A CASE STUDY OF MOMBASA COUNTY”

MWAKIO JOSEPH MWAFWAIDA

IT System Project Proposal Submitted To The Faculty Of Information

Technology In Partial Fulfilment Of The Requirement For The Award Of The

Diploma In Information Technology At Jomo Kenyatta University Of

Agriculture And Technology

OCTOBER 2016

DECLARATIONThis project as presented is my original work and has not been presented for any other university award.

MWAKIO JOSEPH MWAFWAIDA

SCT 121-C005-1490/2015

Signature ……………………… Date ……………………….

This research proposal has been submitted for examination with my approval as the candidate’s

University supervisor.

GABRIEL MUCHANGI

Signature …………………. Date ………………………

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSFirst and foremost, I would like to thank the Almighty Lord for bringing me this far with this project and

giving me the ability to accomplish my goal. I would like to thank Him for providing me with the

opportunity to do this project and for making it a success.

I would like to thank Mr. Gabriel Muchaghi for his supervision, guidance, significant comments and valuable

criticism that enabled me to develop the quality of my thesis.

I will always owe a great deal of gratitude toward my parents. Without the support and motivation provided by

them life in graduate school would have been mundane. Their presence, patience, and emotional support made this

thesis a success.

Lastly, I am grateful of my classmates for collecting information, reading my thesis, correcting my grammar and

offering valuable advices.

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DEDICATIONI dedicate this project to God Almighty my creator, my strong pillar, my source of inspiration, wisdom,

knowledge and understanding. He has been the source of my strength throughout this thesis and on His

wings, only have I soared. A special feeling of gratitude to my loving parents; Mr. & Mrs. Roman M

Mwakio who have encouraged me all the way and whose words of encouragement and push for tenacity

ring in my ears and encouragement has made sure that I give it all it takes to finish that which I have

started. To my loving aunt Mrs. Sophia M. Khamis, who have been affected in every way possible by

this quest. My sisters Charity and Sophie have never left my side and are very special. I must

acknowledge as well the many friends, colleagues, students, teachers, archivists, and other librarians who

assisted, advised, and supported my research and writing efforts. Especially, I need to express my

gratitude and deep appreciation to Osano Herald and Mwakoti John whose friendship, hospitality,

knowledge, and wisdom have supported, enlightened, entertained and for helping me develop my

technology skills. They have consistently helped me keep perspective on what is important in life and

shown me how to deal with reality. Thank you.

My love for you all can never be quantified.

God, bless you.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ContentsDECLARATION...................................................................................................................iACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................iiDEDICATION.....................................................................................................................iiiLIST OF TABLES..............................................................................................................viLIST OF FIGURES...........................................................................................................viiABSTRACT.......................................................................................................................viiiACRONYMS.......................................................................................................................ixCHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION................................................................................1

1.1 Problem Background.........................................................................................................................................1

1.2 Problem Statement.............................................................................................................................................3

1.3 Proposed Solution..............................................................................................................................................4

1.4 Objectives of the Project....................................................................................................................................5

1.4.1 General Objective.....................................................................................................................................5

1.4.2 Specific Objectives...................................................................................................................................5

1.4.3 Research questions....................................................................................................................................5

1.5 Significance of the Project.................................................................................................................................5

1.6Methodology......................................................................................................................................................6

1.7Project Time Plan...............................................................................................................................................6

1.8Resources...........................................................................................................................................................7

1.9Budget and Budget Justification.........................................................................................................................7

1.10Project monitoring and Evaluation...................................................................................................................7

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................82.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................8

2.2Problem Domain.................................................................................................................................................8

2.2.1 Theoretical Review/ Conceptual Framework............................................................................................8

2.2.2 Target Population...................................................................................................................................10

2.2.3Data Collection........................................................................................................................................11

2.2.4 Questionnaire..........................................................................................................................................11

2.2.6The disadvantages of Questionnaires: -...................................................................................................11

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2.2.7 Interview.................................................................................................................................................12

2.3 Review of Existing and Similar System...........................................................................................................12

2.3.1 Data Processing......................................................................................................................................12

2.3.2System Capabilities.................................................................................................................................13

2.3.3Working of the present system.................................................................................................................13

2.3.4Disadvantages of Present Working System..............................................................................................13

2.3.5Proposed System......................................................................................................................................13

2.3.6 Constraints of the proposed system.........................................................................................................14

2.3.7 Assumptions to the new proposed system...............................................................................................14

2.4 Feasibility Study..............................................................................................................................................14

2.4.1 Operational Feasibility............................................................................................................................14

2.4.2 Technical Feasibility...............................................................................................................................15

2.4.3 Economic Feasibility..............................................................................................................................15

2.4.4: Social Feasibility...................................................................................................................................15

2.4.5: Legal feasibility.....................................................................................................................................16

CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN.........................................163.1 Introduction.....................................................................................................................................................16

3.2 Methodology...................................................................................................................................................16

3.2.1 Purpose of the methodology...................................................................................................................16

3.2.2 Structure of Life-Cycle Model................................................................................................................17

3.2.3 Scope of the methodology......................................................................................................................17

3.2.4 Description of the methodology..............................................................................................................17

3.2.5 Reasons for using SSADM.....................................................................................................................18

3.2.6 System Analysis....................................................................................................................................18

3.2.7 Aim of system Analysis..........................................................................................................................18

3.2.8 System Design........................................................................................................................................19

3.2.9 Operation of the current system..............................................................................................................19

3.3Requirements Specification..............................................................................................................................20

3.1: Software Requirements.............................................................................................................................20

3.2 Hardware Requirement..............................................................................................................................20

3.3 Other Requirement....................................................................................................................................21

3.4Operation of the current system..................................................................................................................21

3.4.1 Process diagram showing the procedure or order of data collection and processing...............................22

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Figure 3.1 Process showing the procedure or order of data collection and processing....................................22

3.4.2 Registration flow chart............................................................................................................................23

Figure3.2Registration flow chart.....................................................................................................................23

3.4.3 Login flowchart......................................................................................................................................24

Figure3.3 Login flowchart...............................................................................................................................24

3.4.4 Entity Relationship Diagram...................................................................................................................24

3.5 Normalization..................................................................................................................................................25

3.5.1 Database Tables............................................................................................................................................25

3.5.2 Login Table............................................................................................................................................25

Table: 3.2 Login Table....................................................................................................................................25

3.5.3 Registration Table...................................................................................................................................26

Table: 3.3 Registration Table................................................................................................................................26

3.6 Application of the System................................................................................................................................26

Conclusion.............................................................................................................................................................26

APPENDICES....................................................................................................................27REFERENCES...................................................................................................................28

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LIST OF TABLESTable 1.1…………………………………………………………………………….………………………………6

Table 1.2…………………………………………………………………………….…………………………….…7

Table 3.1………………………………………………………………………………………………………….....26

Table 3.2…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….27

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LIST OF FIGURESFigure3.1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..23

Figure3.2……………………………………………………………………………………….………..……….. 24

Figure3.3 ………………………………………………………………………………………………...…….…3.2

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ABSTRACTThe study analyses that how information systems facilitate football clubs. To fulfil these purposes this

study adopts a design strategy which contains theoretical and empirical parts. It gives a way how to

operate and improve works to solve and avoid problems in various sectors in order to facilitate football

clubs. This study chooses a suitable information system development methodology and designs a general

football club information system model. In the empirical study a questionnaire survey is made to check

and complete a general football club information system model. This study proves that information

systems can facilitate football clubs in business processes and operations, internal communication and

decision-making; furthermore, it supports football club business strategies and helps establish a powerful

human resource management project.

The designing of the system depends on the methodology that will be used to develop the system

according to its specific functions. The methodologies will be user friendly for easy interpretation. Some

of the requirements included may not have been described by the developers. The system analysis and

design of the whole system should be developed from the data tables and system requirement and

specifications. The DFD and E-R diagrams will explain in detail how the system works.

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ACRONYMSMC Mombasa County

Ms Microsoft

ICT Information Communication Technology

UML Unifying Modelling Language

HTML Hypertext Mark-up Language

PHP Hypertext Pre-processor

SQL Structured Query Language

SSADM Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method

SDLC System Development Life Cycle

CRM Customer Relationship Management

DFD Data Flow Diagrams

RTLS Real-Time Location Systems

ETHICS Effective Technical and Human Implementation of Computer-based Systems

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CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Problem BackgroundFrom the appearance of human language until the universal application of computer, mankind never

stopped improving information technology. From the middle of last century people started associating

information technology with computers. Nowadays, computers, data centers, servers, database

management systems and specialized software applications are managed by information technology

departments, systems and databases administrators. Information technology supports modern businesses

and becomes an important part of life (Alliance, 2011).

An information system is regarded as a combination of information technology and human activities. It

supports people in many fields such as operation, management and decision making. Usually information

systems are categorized in three parts: Management Information System, Decision Support System and

Executive Information System (James, 2000).

Following the evolution of information technology, various information systems, such as data

warehouses, enterprise resource planning and enterprise systems, expert systems, geographic information

systems, global information systems and office automations have been emerged in the business world.

Bill Gates (1999) said information system is the ―digital nervous system of business. This means

information system has an important role in modern business.

As Bill Gates mentioned, business information system is a discipline with its mission to study the use of

information system for business purposes. The research and application of business information system

have become a meaningful issue, which involved many industries such as Manufacturing, Building,

Transportation, Storage, Post, Finance, Wholesale and retail trade, Real estate, Accommodation and

Catering, Services, Education, Health, social security and social welfare, Culture, Sports and

Entertainment. Football, as the most famous sport in the world and a new emerging industry, has an

immeasurable impact on human life. For example, the World Cup 2014 in Brazil captivated 3,359,439

spectators, who watched matches in 12 magnificent stadiums. Furthermore, an estimated worldwide

audience was more than 3 billion. 32 teams from all over the world brought 64 matches and a 147-goal

show (FIFA1, 2014). Meanwhile, World Cup 2014 influenced a hotel, retail and general consumption,

which significantly increased during the championship. During and after this event, trillions of

information and data were collected, stored, retrieved, distributed, compared and analysed such as

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schedule planning, choosing a place for 64 matches, a composite 12 stadiums arranging, tickets selling to

3,359,439 spectators, hotels pointing for teams from 32 countries, TV agreements signing, matches

results recording, player’s data counting, referees choosing, bonus setting, sponsors activities, etc.

There are 326,527 football clubs officially registered all over the world in FIFA (FIFA, 2011). Two

hundred and sixty-five million male and female players in addition to five million referees and officials

make a grand total of two hundred seventy million people are actively involved in the game of football.

The number of people is a four percent of the world's population (FIFA, 2011).

Generally, football clubs contain several teams and are responsible for their management. In England top

clubs have at least three teams to attend various leagues at different levels: first team mainly plays in

Premier league, The Football Association Challenge cup, Community Shield competition, European

league; reserve team attends Barclays Premier Reserve League; youth team plays in Academy league and

Youth cup. In Spain first teams of each football club attend Spanish league, Spanish cup and European

league; B teams play in B-level league; youth teams also play in Youth cup. In Italy football clubs have

more youth competitions than clubs from the other two countries.

A football club is consisted by many organizations, which can be categorized in finance, marketing,

public relations, and service, medical, soccer, human resource, fans association sectors and so on. The

targeted scope of each sector is large; their administration is more complex than other sports clubs. A

profit of football club per year is incredible, for example, one of the richest worldwide football clubs

from England - Manchester United`s revenue in 2010 reached 156 million pounds (Stretchy, 2011).

Undoubtedly, administrating of 156 million pounds every year is a complex task for the finance

department. Most famous football clubs, as known, have a history of almost one century, much longer

than the biggest company in the world– Wal-Mart, which was founded in 1962 (Anon., 2008). For

example, Real Madrid, which was formed in 1897 in Madrid, has more than 450 million fans worldwide

(Real Madrid Club, 2011). Real Madrid club obviously has to consider different payment patterns in each

country according to various situations and relevant online payment policies for its official online shops.

For football clubs, establishing an overseas fans association to get supports from club’s worldwide fans

is a sensible choice to improve influence. Football club singularity has been proven; football industry has

confirmed its great influential position in human daily life. Information system application in football

clubs should be regarded as an important subject of business information.

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Mombasa County Football League Management System is a system that will be used to manage football

competition which using league system during the tournament basically the system will be design to suit

the current football tournament held within the County. It will focus on managing all the important

information during the tournament/league season, registration process etc.

Currently most of football organizations are using filing method to store and manage all the information

during the tournament period. This conventional method gives few complications for staff to handle all

those data. Searching a document will cost a long period to be done. The papers also might get decay if it

has been used severally. So, the system that is going to be developed totally been designed to solve the

problems that occur during the current process. Information system application in football clubs should

be regarded as an important subject of business information.

1.2 Problem StatementI chose dealing with a football Information System because it is the target area in this study because of

their specifications and representation. Different from other clubs such as basketball, volleyball, and

hockey clubs, football clubs have more supporters and influence, more players and staff, more levels of

team management, more intensive competitions, larger organizational structures, etc. More importantly,

football is the most spread and popular sport in all over the world. Its popularity as a challenging task is

considered by two factors: number of fans, who follow this sport, and number of people, who regularly

play football. Professional football clubs work according to different rules and their club performance is

commercialized. Members and fans of a football club are regarded customers. Therefore, football clubs

can be considered as a business company and understood as an economic sector. For instance, football

league human resource management is a huge project. In practice, football clubs demand for various

types of information to maintain daily operations such as information about competitions, schedules,

competitors state, transfer market status, players etc. Obviously, it is a complex project and a great

challenge for football club to integrate, collect, store, update, retrieve and transform so much specific

information. In fact, the research and application of information system in football clubs and the whole

football industry are rare can be considered laggard. Lack of basic information system models, it is even

more impossible to start designing a suitable system. On the other hand, without effective information

system‘s support, it is obviously a challenge for managers to operate clubs.

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From the findings been made, most organization used filing method to store all the information during

the tournament. This has caused few typical problems due to filing method of storage. Filing method is

hard to be managed these days. Information that store using paper might get decay if it is being used

severally. This may cause the document hard to be read. Searching a document also will cost a long

period to be done. There are also some organizations stored their data in Excel file which is an improper

data management method. It may look systemic but not a proper way to store large amount of data using

Excel files.

So, this study could be interesting and useful in order to check information systems support and benefit

in such a complex organization as a football club, which is a good area to test information systems

abilities in different departments, such as sports, finance and so on. It would give a way to football club

managers how to operate and improve their work in pursuance to solve or avoid some problems in

various sectors.

1.3 Proposed SolutionThe proposed system will help in retrieving and analysing of data which is done manually, hence

tiresome to employees. This study is also meant to help football league managers in storing league data,

as it is accurate compared to manual system hence more efficient and secured. The system will allow the

players to browse the system and can view their profile only by using their unique ID.As earlier system,

no more paper work and does not need much man power because it is a web-based application where all

the data goes directly to the database and the admin can easily retrieve the data according to the choice.

Security problem issues are solved by this automated system. The system will be accessible from

anywhere and at any time. So, the players can reach the system very easily and gets the updated

information all the time. The administrator can easily view the reports of the players just by going

through the system which will save his time as the database is centralized now. The administrator will

also now can provide the payrolls to the team and players very easily. The computer database maintains

players and sports apparels records which will be highly beneficial for the admin.

1.4 Objectives of the Project

1.4.1 General ObjectiveThe general objective of the project is to develop the Online Mombasa County Football Information

Management System16

1.4.2 Specific ObjectivesThe following specific objectives will guide the study

i. To analyse the proposed Online Mombasa County Football Information Management System.

ii. To design and develop an information system that meets the requirements of Online Mombasa

County Football Information Management System hence employs suitable technologies.

iii. To code the proposed Online Mombasa County Football Information Management System.

iv. To test the proposed system Online Mombasa County Football Information Management System,

sufficiently so that it is deemed stable and secure

1.4.3 Research questionsThe main question of this study is:

How could information system facilitate football clubs?

To answer this main question, several sub-questions will be analysed:

i. Which areas in football clubs may information systems facilitate?

ii. Which methodology is suitable for football club information system development?

iii. How should a general football club information system model be?

1.5 Significance of the ProjectThe system will give a lot of benefit to the users and in this case, in Mombasa the users might probably

FAM as this association organizes a lot of football competitions in this county. The current system used

could be hard to be maintained and problems usually caused by some human errors. The system to-be

will encounter all those problem occurred as been mention on problem statement.

1.6MethodologyAs per the project management there should be a proper selection of the methodology so on this contrast

I have to select the methodology for the project. Basically, there are two types of methodology used for

the projects, Structured System Analysis and Design Methodology and other is Object Oriented

Methodology. Upon analysing and reviewing the system, I have decided to select Structured Systems

Analysis and Design Method methodology for the development of Project Management System,

because the system is web-based. The method being used in developing the system is the System

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Development Life Cycle (SDLC) which includes project identification and selection, project introduction

and planning, analysis, design, implementation and maintenance.

1.7Project Time PlanIn project management, a schedule consists of a project's terminal elements with intended dates. A Gantt

chart was created to provide a graphical representation of the proposal schedule on MC Online Football

System to define the start and completion of the proposal.

No. Task Performed Week

1. Initial Planning Week 1

2. Course briefing & proposal development Week 2

3. Preparing proposal Week 3

4. Proposal submission Week 4

5. Proposal approval Week 5

6. Develop chapter 1 (introduction) Week 6

7. Develop chapter 2 (literature review) Week 7

8. Chapter 1 & 2 submission Week 8

9. Develop chapter 3 Week 9

10. Develop chapter 4 Week 10

11. Chapter 3 & 4 submission Week 11

12. Appendix & bibliography Week 12

13. Conclusion Week 13

14. Presentation Week 14

Table 1.1

1.8ResourcesFor the project to make a success various resources where used; a computer used for typing and editing

documents. A printer is used for printing the outputs (hardcopy). External storage media such as flash

disks and hard drives are used to enable the backing up of the data and information collected during the

thesis study. Stationery is also a major resource while coming up with a project as the researcher requires

printing papers pens pencils rubber ruler for writing and drafting the proposed system.

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1.9Budget and Budget JustificationThe following items are to be used in order the system to run successfully and efficiently.

Items Amount in Kenya shillings

Travel Kshs 2,000

Laptop Kshs 30,000

software’s Kshs 1,000

External storage media Kshs1,200

stationery Kshs 8,000

Consultant services Kshs200

Other expenses Kshs 1500

TOTAL Kshs 43,900

Table 1.2

1.10Project monitoring and EvaluationThe thesis has been presented for advice and assessment to the supervisor for error checking and

marking.

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 IntroductionThis chapter details the background reading and research that has taken place to allow effective and

informed decisions to be made throughout this project to ensure a successful solution to the user’s

problem is delivered on time, and meets the user’s requirements. The quality of each source used to form

the background reading and research has been taken into account, only those that are deemed to be valid 19

and from a reputable source have been used. Existing solutions and technologies have been researched

and where plausible have the arguments for and against them explored to allow for an informed decision

to be made regarding the development of the solution and justification also provided for the chosen

technology. Literature has been referenced from University modules, University Library, journals and

research publications some of which are available online.

2.2Problem Domain

2.2.1 Theoretical Review/ Conceptual FrameworkThere are a few direct studies about information systems influence on football club business processes

and operations. Dario (2002) analyses diverse information technologies that are used to provide players

with relevant feedback in his research. Advances in the application of information technology to sport

performance. He takes some technology-based feedback application samples from various sports and

makes assumption that feedback would actually enhance player`s skills performance and evaluations

from couches; then he discusses those selected systems from different perspectives such as vision,

audition and proprioception. In designing a database for a football league: A case study of Thai football

league, Trisuwannawat (2010) argues the importance of database when developers design an information

system for a football league. This research is based on Thai football league for a case study with

classified and represented data in categories. Each category is important in a specific area and stored into

beneficial information by analysis tools. They are divided into three main categories: player and staff

profile information, health and physical information of players, and information of club, association and

competition. Moreover, this research uses entity relation diagram to represent relation between different

sub-databases. However, there are some studies of information systems influence on other industries

business processes and operations. Paul (2009) highlights that information systems help different

business enterprises to collect transactional data about their own operations, co-operators and

competitor’sbehaviour and even business plans. There is a research about information systems influence

on football club decision making. Richard (1999), in his research Football information services: fanzine,

Match of the Day and the modem, examines character, growth and demand for football information

services in England and Wales. He argues that internet and information technology are set to have a big

impact on football information service and to the market clubs as global brands. There are a few direct

studies about Information systems influence on football club business strategies for competitive

advantages. In Strategic use of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) in sports: The Rosenberg

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case, Furuholt (2007) shows how the Norwegian football club - RosenbergBallclub uses customers

relationship management as a strategic tool to enhance the relation between club and its fans. Thanos

(2009), in his work a strategy for managing customer relations on the internet: evidence from the football

sector, illustrates the critical role of internet to maintain electronic customer relationship management in

football industry. The study investigates football industries online environment and customer service

methods. The conclusion shows that football web site is very important for the relationship between

clubs and their customers. Football clubs web-design needs to support the main business goal and

contain self-problem solving functions. Shaw (2007) investigates a special coordination method called

network orchestration with the case of Manchester United Football Club in A conceptual framework for

the implementation of enterprise information portals in large organizations study. He uses business

process modelling and theoretical systems concepts to investigate complex horizontal and vertical

relationships between partner firms and then develop a multi-level model of network operation,

sustainability and governance. Some studies, which contain football club’s operation and organizational

structure information, could be valuable as a reference. For example, a Spanish football club Barcelona,

which club's management structure information is contained in a research Football club Barcelona:

Globalization opportunities by Stanford graduate school of business (Antonio, George and Jaume, 2007).

Chris and Lawry (1999) analyse the management structure and characteristics of football clubs. They

argue that there are a few officers at the top and remainder of the board as a tight-knit strategic team;

below the top level there is another group which consists of managers and coaches to develop strategies

to ensure the highest level of performance by a football team itself; at the bottom of the club there is a

support group which consists of physiotherapists, trainers, fitness, kit, and dietary specialists to enable

club‘s basic business to be implemented. Jacco (2005) challenges the traditional opinion that football

club`s success is determined by the performance of teams in matches, poor results can cause a spiral of

decline in numbers of spectators, sponsor revenues, media attention, value of players, merchandise sales,

and so on. Instead, he re-identifies football club as a multi-entertainment company with commercial

opportunities. Hallgeir (2009) analyses the organization characteristics of football clubs in Scandinavia.

Although all Scandinavian professional football clubs emerged from voluntary sports clubs, the

organization of their professional football at present has minor different forms which to a large extent

follow national borders. The minor difference mainly exists only in the share hold percentage difference,

however, organisation structure inside football clubs are almost the same. There is no information system

development methodology research related directly with football clubs. However, studies of information

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system development methodology will still be useful. Gane and Sarson (1979) propose Structured

Analysis and Design of Information Systems methodology which reflects the process modelling theme.

This methodology consists of functional decomposition, decision trees, decision tables, DFDs and

structured language. Jackson (1975) creates a program design methodology Jackson Structured

Programming, which is based on teaching and practicing of commercial computer programming.

Afterwards, Jackson Systems Development was devised by Jackson (1983) as an extension of the

program design task and that the same techniques can be used for both. These two methodologies are

concentrating on the design of efficient and well-tested software, which reflects the specification.

Structured Systems Analysis and Design Method is a methodology to support the UK Civil Service`s

computer training and some procurement. It is developed by the UK consultants Lear month and

Burchett Management Systems and Central Computing and Telecommunications Agency.

2.2.2 Target PopulationThis study will be a supplement for business information system theory and information system

application in a special industry. Researchers in information system applications area will be the main

target group of this study from theoretical aspect. For scholars, who focus on information system model

construction, this study would be valuable as well, Facilitators, multipliers, social workers and teachers

that deal with the youth in different ways. In practice, it would help football clubs to establish or enhance

their information systems. So, football club managers will also be a target group in practical area.

Football club information system developers would also be targeted. These groups and individuals will

understand the whole concept of football for development and not only on how to use football as a

medium for development. They will also understand how to use football and sport to address diverse

issues both on the field and in the classroom. This should help in bringing out thought provoking

discussions as well as reflection about the youth and contribute to how they form their opinion and make

judgements on issues of development and underdevelopment. Also the youth who have not yet been

reached with development issues and themes but who are interested in football and development issues

not only in Mombasa County or Kenya but also elsewhere especially Africa and the outside at large.

2.2.3Data CollectionOnly making the project is not only the task it requires removing the errors and making the project more

efficient and flexible. After throwing the project in the market, the information about updating the

software is only retrieved by following some investigation technique. The main purpose of this technique

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is to collect sufficient, relevant and appropriate data to produce a set of reliable requirements/

conclusions. Mainly there are four techniques by which information can be gathered: Questionnaires,

Interviews, Observation, Studying and Documentation. In the given scenario, the researcher was only

concerned with two main investigation techniques through which he got accurate data most of the times

i.e. questionnaires and interview.

2.2.4 QuestionnaireQuestionnaires are a popular means of collecting data particularly when there is a big enquiry. In this

method, a questionnaire is being sent to the concerned person (usually by post) with a request to answer

the question and return the questionnaire. In a questionnaire, we have questions printed or typed in a

definite order on a form or set of forms which has to be answered by the respondent who read and

understand the questions and write down the reply in the space meant for the purpose in the question

itself.

2.2.5 The advantages of adopting Questionnaire methods are: -

The cost for doing this research method is low even when there is widely spread geographically. There is

no biasness of the interviewer. Respondents get enough time to respond and a wide geographic area can

be covered hence no pre-arrangements are required.

2.2.6The disadvantages of Questionnaires: -Low response rate, Questions have to be simple. Once a questionnaire is sent control over it is lost and

it’s also slowest method of all methods.

So, among the following research methods we choose the Questionnaire as it is relatively cheap,

respondents will get time to think and respond. All players have their pre-arranged schedule so they are

so busy if we will conduct interview or observation method they would take much time and more money

would be spent. So, the researcher found questionnaire the best method for the survey to know the

requirement from the admin and the players to form the information management system.

2.2.7 InterviewInterview is a process where there is an interviewer and an interviewee. The interview method of data

collection involves presentation of oral-verbal stimuli and reply in terms of oral-verbal responses. This

method can be used through personal interview as well as telephonic interview as per requirement. Here

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the researcher is going to conduct personal interview. In a personal interview one person is interviewer

who generally asks questions in a face-to-face contact to other person or persons.

2.2.8 Advantages of personal Interview:

Some of the merits of personal interview are good response rate and are useful to obtain detailed

information about personal feelings, perceptions and opinions. Respondents own words are recorded;

hence interviewees are not influenced by others in the group

2.2.9 Disadvantages of personal Interview:

Personal interview is very time-consuming and very expensive method of fact finding . Different

interviewers may understand and transcribe interviews in different ways. Also lot of systematic errors

may occur.

2.3 Review of Existing and Similar System

2.3.1 Data ProcessingData processing system are conned with the transition, handling, and recordkeeping, usually for a

particular functional area. Data are entered and stored in a file format; the stored files are updated during

routine processing.

The major drawback of data processing is that, they are flexible and easy to control/ accommodates data,

information needs that are already built into the system.

2.3.2System CapabilitiesInformation system includes all use of computer that support administrative aspect of an organization,

example includes, application of payroll system, registration system, team bill system, registration

combination of hardware, software, people’s procedure for an information system. A computer based

information system provides an organization with data processing information system has four

capabilities as a computer system, which includes input, processing, output and storage.

2.3.3Working of the present systemIn the present system, all work is done on paper. The whole league session is stored in files and at the

end of each period the reports are generated. We are not interested in gathering report in the middle of

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the season or as per the requirement because it takes more time in calculation .at the end of the season the

teams, players get a report.

2.3.4Disadvantages of Present Working SystemThe existing system is not user friendly because the retrieval of data is very slow and data is not

maintained efficiently. There is Inconsistency in data entry hence room for errors. Large ongoing staff

training cost and also the system is dependent on good individuals. Also there is reduction in sharing

information and customer services. Moreover it`s Time consuming and costly to produce reports. Lastly

duplication of data entries is common.

2.3.5Proposed SystemThe proposed system is a web based application which allows players to register their details. The aim of

this project is to develop a system that can handle and manage the activities involved in a football club in

an efficient and reliable way. It will help the administrator to do their work in simple way without any

trouble. On the basis of the drawbacks and shortcomings identified in the present and existing

Management system, the solutions have been provided for the better management.

The system contains unique user ID and password for both administrator and players. The system will

allow the players to browse the system and can view their profile only by using their unique ID.As

earlier system, no more paper work and does not need much man power because it is a web-based

application where all the data goes directly to the database and the admin can easily retrieve the data

according to the choice. Security problem issues are solved by this automated system. The system will be

accessible from anywhere and at any time. So, the players can reach the system very easily and gets the

updated information all the time. The administrator can easily view the reports of the players just by

going through the system which will save his time as the database is centralized now. The administrator

will also now can provide the payrolls to the players very easily. The computer database maintains

players and sports apparels records which will be highly beneficial for the admin.

2.3.6 Constraints of the proposed systemThe Interface is provided only in English. So, the players must know English language so that he can

easily interact with the system. Unique user ID and password is used for identification of players.

Registered players only have the rights to access the facilities provided by the system. The players can

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access this Management System from any computer that has internet connection and internet browsing

capabilities.

2.3.7 Assumptions to the new proposed systemThe application is developed by the developers by assuming that: The players have sufficient knowledge

of computers and interface designed; the computer must have internet connection and internet browsing

capabilities. The players must know English as GUI has been provided in English

2.4 Feasibility StudyA feasibility study assesses the operational, technical and economic merits of the proposed system. The

feasibility study is intended to be an introductory review of the facts to see if it is worthy of proceeding

to the analysis phase. The feasibility study is a management-oriented activity. The objective of a

feasibility study is to find out if an information system project can be done and to suggest possible

alternative solutions.

2.4.1 Operational FeasibilityOperational feasibility is a measure of how well a proposed system solves the problems, and takes

advantage of the opportunities identified during scope definition and how it satisfies the requirements

identified in the requirements analysis phase of system development. Operational feasibility reviews the

willingness of the organization to support the proposed system. In order to determine this feasibility, it is

important to understand the management commitment to the proposed project. If the request was initiated

by management, it is likely that there is management support and the system will be accepted and used.

The operational feasibility will be used effectively after it has been developed. If users have difficulty

with a new system, it will not produce the expected benefits.

2.4.2 Technical FeasibilityIt considers the technical requirements of the proposed system. The technical requirements are then

compared to the technical capability of the existing system. The systems project is considered technically

feasible, if the internal technical capability is sufficient to support the project requirements. The

researcher must find out whether current technical resources can be upgraded or added to in a manner

that fulfils the request under consideration. This is where the expertise of analyst is beneficial, since

using their experience and their contact with vendors they will be able to answer the question of technical

feasibility. The essential questions that help in testing the operational feasibility include: Is the project 26

feasible within the limits of current technology? Is it available within given resource constraints? Are the

current technical resources sufficient for the new system? Can they be upgraded to provide the level of

technology necessary for the new system? Do we possess the necessary technical expertise, and is the

schedule reasonable? Can the technology be easily applied to current problems? Does the technology

have the capacity to handle the solution? Do we currently possess the necessary technology? This

management system deals with the modern technology that needs the well efficient technical system to

run this project. All the resource constraints must be in the favour of the better influence of the system.

Keeping all these facts in mind I had selected the favourable hardware and software utilities to make it

more feasible.

2.4.3 Economic FeasibilityEconomic analysis could also be referred to as cost/benefit analysis. It is the most frequently used

method for evaluating the effectiveness of a new system. In economic analysis, the procedure is to

determine the benefits and savings that are expected from a system and compare them with costs. If

benefits are more than costs, then the decision is made to design and implement the system. An

entrepreneur must accurately weigh the cost versus benefits before taking an action.

The possible questions raised in economic analysis include: If the system is cost effective? Do benefits

outweigh costs? The cost of doing full system study, Estimated cost of hardware and the estimated cost

of software(s).

2.4.4: Social FeasibilityThis will be user friendly system where the operations will be easily understood and operated. It will as

well successfully certify the user by addressing and overcoming his problems. As well, the system can

produce reports as per the user wishes.

2.4.5: Legal feasibilityThis is carried out to ensure that no internal or external conflict may arise because of the project

development process in the company. Should not affect the process and procedure of the ongoing league

i.e. conflict between the system organization and developer or the system itself.

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CHAPTER THREE: SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 IntroductionThis chapter discusses the research methodologies used to develop a best fit system for the online soccer

league system. There are different ways of developing a system, one of them is to collect or gather the

relevant information regarding the study, the methodology and technique put to use to aid the creation of

the proposed system and the successful development and implementation of the systems. It enables the

researcher make intelligent decisions concerning the football league information management system.

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3.2 Methodology

3.2.1 Purpose of the methodologyFirstly, it provides us with a framework for planning the project. Secondly, for the development of web-

based projects a short-term life-cycle is quite common as compared to long term life-cycle because it

helps in software development with fewer errors and therefore provides less delivery time and better

value. Thirdly, the quality of a software development effort is improved by using selected process

techniques. Finally, web-based development is a graphical user interface so is should be discussed

separately from the traditional system development.

3.2.2 Structure of Life-Cycle ModelStructure of the model include: System Design, Analysis, Implementation, Planning and Testing. Each

phase produces deliverables required by the next phase in the life cycle. Some phases are also inter-

related with others. Planning is done in the first and analysis of the system is continued after that.

Analysis of the system is being translated into design. Code is produced during implementation that is

driven by the design. Testing verifies the deliverable of the implementation phase.

Planning is the very first phase of the system, in which we decide what the task is for and what all things

we have to do for completion of the project.

Analysis is the second important phase of the life cycle model. In this phase, the research is done on the

existing system and then the alternatives are found for the proposed system.

Design is the phase where the work for system design is produced. The deliverables of design phase

consist of architecture which includes hardware, software and communication.

Implementation is the longest phase of the software development life cycle as the code is produced

from the deliverables of the design phase.

Testing is done on the implementation code to make sure that the product is actually solving the needs

addressed in the system and gathering the other information.

3.2.3 Scope of the methodologySSADM is used in the system as it saves time and also improves the quality of deliverables. It covers

almost each and every step required for website development that includes from organizational analysis

29

to work design and technical design. It ensures that we will be going through HCI (human computer

interaction) process which is beneficial and recommended for website design.

3.2.4 Description of the methodologySSADM is a method which deals with the information and system design. It is quite old system design

for large scale projects. SSADM is used to determine the information system possibility. It used the

combination of text and diagrams throughout the whole life cycle of a system design. This method uses

logical data modelling, entity event modelling and data flow modelling to determine how a system must

be created or updated. These are followed by requirements analysis, logical system specification and a

final system design.

3.2.5 Reasons for using SSADMIt is best methodology for web based project management system as the resource required to implement

this model is minimal. Earlier this system was done manually and all the work is maintained on register.

It is less expensive and also less time-consuming as compared to other methodology. SSADM reduces

the error rate and risk by checking the system hence makes the site easy to operate and understandable

for the user, and does not require very special skills and can easily be taught to the staff. The

methodology SSADM is developed and a comprehensive demand analysis is carried out by the help of

SSADM. It improves the overall productivity of the specific project and the company.

3.2.6 System AnalysisA system analysis involves evaluation of the current system using the gathered facts or information. The

researcher should evaluate whether the current and projected user needs are being met. The researcher

found out from the gathered information that the current system which was a manual system did not

satisfy user needs. The information was not readily available and the people use to struggle to obtain

information regarding football in Mombasa County. The researcher came up with the recommendation

that a new system should be built and put into place where it will help the users to gain access to the

information which was hardly available to them previously.

3.2.7 Aim of system AnalysisThe major objective of this section is to try and find out how data flows both inside and outside the

system, the bodies that interact with the system and all that goes on within and without the system. It

specifies the variety, volume and requirements-both input and output- from the system and enables

30

design specifications to be made. Because the implementation of this project will be viable if it saves on

the time and costs incurred by the existing system, this section tries to analyse the cost and benefits of

coming up with an automated system of running a soccer league so as to know whether it is justifiable

investing the institution’s time and money.

Assuming that a new system is to be developed; Analysis involved a detailed study of the current system,

leading to specifications of a new system. Analysis is a detailed study of various operations performed by

a system and their relationships within and outside the system. During analysis, interviews and

questionnaire are the tools that were used for system analysis. Using the following steps, it becomes easy

to draw the exact boundary of the new system under consideration keeping in mind the problems and

new requirements and workout the pros and cons including new areas of the system All procedures,

requirements must be analysed and documented in the form of detailed data flow diagrams (DFDs), data

dictionary, logical data structures, etc. System Analysis also includes subdividing of complex process

involving the entire system, identification of data store and manual processes. The main points to be

discussed include: Specification of what the new system is to accomplish based on the user requirements,

Functional hierarchy showing the functions to be performed by the system and their relationship with

each other, Function network which are similar to function hierarchy but they highlight the functions

which are common to more than one procedure.

3.2.8 System DesignStructure design is a blueprint of a computer system solution to a given problem having the same

components and inter-relationship among the same components as the original problem. Input, output

and processing specifications are drawn up in detail. In the design stage, the programming language and

the platform in which the new system will run are also decided. This is the phase in which the

requirement of the new system is used to create actual plans of the new system. The main objectives of

the system are-: Have a system that is easy to maintain, have a system that is programmer friendly, have

a system that will eliminate all inconveniences caused by poor calculation and have a system whose cost

can be met.

3.2.9 Operation of the current systemMombasa County football sector is currently using manual system which includes providing of all the

information unsystematically. All the information is manually communicated to the users and many

factors are experienced during communication i.e. information not reaching to the fans, too costly by 31

contacting the team management through phone calls as well as printing hard copies to market this

amateur league to people in the county and most importantly unavailability of information in the open,

thus this system of providing information is poor. A lot of time and energy is wasted by the soccer fans

in finding the right information concerning the teams they support and follow and hence this also leads to

most fan getting tired and eventually deciding not to follow these leagues.

The new information system is to make the overall communication of information about the Mombasa

County league easier and faster for the users to access and retrieve it. Also the accuracy of data and

information will be ensured to the subscribers.

3.3Requirements SpecificationBelow are defined the specific project requirement in terms of software and hardware to develop the MC

Online Football System.

3.1: Software RequirementsOperating System (Microsoft Windows 10 professional) used for software development purposes.

Macromedia Dreamweaver 6.0

Macromedia's Dreamweaver is the leading Web production tool for Windows. Macromedia

Dreamweaver is a professional HTML editor for designing, coding, and developing websites, web pages

and web applications. Whether enjoy the control of hand-coding HTML or prefer to work in a visual

editing environment, Dreamweaver provides helpful tools to enhance web creation experience.

My-SQL Relational Database Management System

My-SQL used to store the proposed system data. Apache is the best because works fine in any operating

system. It is extremely quick and amazingly stable. Web server has seemed to be a fairly straightforward

job, where it sits running on top of operating system. The Apache Web server is the most popular Web

server. Apache is the best because works fine in any operating system. It is extremely quick and

amazingly stable.

PHP Application

PHP works as well on as wide a variety of systems. It is a cross-platform and accesses everything

application program language beside of being constantly improved.

Server (Internet Information Service – 11S)32

The server is used to increase web site and application availability.

Microsoft office 2016

Used for user documentation and typing.

3.2 Hardware RequirementThe Machine

The computer used to develop this system is HP 640 Index with CPU 2.23 GHz and 4GB RAM.

Flash Disk

For backing up data and transferring information from one computer to another.

External hard drive

For backing up data in case of any loss or malicious damages

QWERTY keyboard

For inputting data to the system

Kyocera FS-4200DNcolour Printer

For printing

3.3 Other RequirementWeb browser:

Web browsers such as Google Chrome and Mozilla Firefox.

3.4Operation of the current systemMombasa County is currently using a manual system which includes providing of all the information

unsystematically. All the information is manually communicated to the users and many factors are

experienced during communication i.e. information not reaching to the fans, too costly by contacting the

team management through phone calls as well as printing hard copies to market this amateur league to

people in the county and most importantly unavailability of information in the open, thus this system of

providing information is poor. A lot of time and energy is wasted by the soccer fans in finding the right

information concerning the teams they support and follow and hence this also leads to most fan getting 33

Log in

User

Teams, Results, Fixtures and Standings

Enter Password Enter ID

Match Event and Venues.Get Team

Info, Tournament Info.

No of Users

Get Match Fixtures, Results, Standings, Venues.

Sponsors and Events

Online Msa County

tired and eventually deciding not to follow these leagues. The new information system is to make the

overall communication of information about the Mombasa County league easier and faster for the users

to access and retrieve it. Also, the accuracy of data and information will be ensured to the subscribers.

3.4.1 Process diagram showing the procedure or order of data collection and processing.

34

Figure 3.1 Process showing the procedure or order of data collection and processing.

3.4.2 Registration flow chartThe user can access the system only after they have signed up or registered with the system. The user can

use a new e-mail or an already used one to sign up. During registration, the user will be asked for

personal details to fill in the form and proceed to access the soccer system.

35

Sign up

Email In

Use

Create password

Sign up

Sign up form

+ Login link

Yes

Start

User name

Password

Log in

Stop

Figure3.2Registration flow chart

3.4.3 Login flowchartAccording to the system if a person enters a wrong password, he/ she is forced to retype the password.

36

NO

YES

Normal login flow

Password correct?

Figure3.3 Login flowchart

3.4.4 Entity Relationship Diagram

Figure: 3.3 ERD

3.5 NormalizationNormalization is the process of efficiently organizing data in a database. There are two goals of the

normalization process: eliminating data redundancy (for example, storing the same data in more than one

table) and ensuring data dependencies (storing related data in a table). Both of these are worthy goals as

they reduce the amount of space a database consumes and ensure that data is logically stored.

3.5.1 Database TablesDatabases offer a convenient and powerful way to organize your information. In Database Basics, you'll

learn how to get started in the world of databases, normalize your database according to commonly

accepted design principles, and add security to your database and use database keys and transactions. A

table is responsible for storing data in the database. Helps the user to specifies and assign his data

description according to what he desires and is required.

3.5.2 Login Table

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE DESCRIPTION

Username Text 32 Char Name of the user

Password Text 32 Char Password of the user

Table: 3.1 Login Table

37

Customer Name

User Name

ID

Customer Name

Age

Address

ID

Track no.

Customer Name

Age

3.5.3 Registration Table

FIELD NAME DATA TYPE SIZE DESCRIPTION

Player name Text 32 char Name of the player

ID NO Numeric Long integer Identity number

Date Date/time General time Date of registration

Address Text 32 Char Players address

City Text 32 Char Players residence

Table: 3.2 Registration Table

3.6 Application of the System

This Mombasa County online football system will be targeting the fans of Mombasa County and the

neighbouring counties.

Conclusion

Analysis and design is an exploration of an area, with the best definition and a framework for piece of

research. A good methodology chosen with correct project planning will ensure a systematic approach

into completing the system. The both of it are very important to study the current of existing work.

38

APPENDICES

ONLINE MOMBASA COUNTY FOOTBALL MANAGEMENT

INFORMATION SYSTEM

(A CASE STUDY OF MOMBASA COUNTY)

Instructions: Please respond to the following questions and where applicable, mark the relevant

box with a tick (√) or underline (_).

Confidentiality: The responses you give will be strictly confidential. No reference will be made

to any individual(s) in the report of the study

1.) Do you want to automate the system which is manually now?

a) Yes b) No c) maybe

2.) Do you often do mistakes while calculating the payroll of players?

a) Yes b) No c) sometimes

3.) What do you want the system to be?

a) Accurate b) Fast c) Reliable d) Secure e) all of the above

4.) Do you want to improve the system?

a) Yes b) No

5.) Do you feel burden in maintaining so much of records?

a) Yes b) No

6.) Data is lost while storing the records39

a) Often b) Always c) Sometimes d) No

7.) Do you feel difficulty in searching the player details?

a) Yes b) No

8.) Do you feel like difficulty in updating the player details?

a) Yes b) No

9.) Do you want the system to keep the record of stadium maintenance?

a) Yes b) No

10.) Are you satisfied with this automated management system?

a.) Yes b.) No c.) Can’t say

40

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