Maryann E. Martone, Ph. D.Executive Director

Professor of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego

Future of Research Communications and E-Scholarship

Open Access and Research Communication: The Perspective of Force11

What is FORCE11?Future of Research Communications and E-Scholarship: A grass roots effort to accelerate the pace and nature of scholarly communications and e-scholarship through technology, education and community

Why 11? We were born in 2011 in Dagstuhl, Germany

Principles laid out in the FORCE11 Manifesto

FORCE11 launched in July 2012

Who is FORCE11?

Anyone who has a stake in moving scholarly communication into the 21st century

Publishers

Library and Information

scientists

Policy makers

Tool builders

Funders

Scholars

Science HumanitiesSocial

Sciences

FORCE11 Vision• Modern technologies enable vastly improve knowledge transfer and far wider

impact; freed from the restrictions of paper, numerous advantages appear

• We see a future in which scientific information and scholarly communication more generally become part of a global, universal and explicit network of knowledge

• To enable this vision, we need to create and use new forms of scholarly publication that work with reusable scholarly artifacts

• To obtain the benefits that networked knowledge promises, we have to put in place reward systems that encourage scholars and researchers to participate and contribute

• To ensure that this exciting future can develop and be sustained, we have to support the rich, variegated, integrated and disparate knowledge offerings that new technologies enable

Beyond the PDF Visual Notes by De Jongens van de Tekeningen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

Old Model: Single type of content; single mode of distribution

Scholar

Library

Scholar

Publisher

The future is now...

Scholar

Consumer

Libraries

Data Repositories

Code RepositoriesCommunity databases/platforms

OA

Curators

Social Networks

Social NetworksSocial

Networks

Peer Reviewers

Workflows

Data

Blogs/Wikis

Multimedia

Nanopublications

Narrative

Code

The duality of modern scholarship

Observation: Those who build information systems from the machine side don’t understand the requirements of the human very well

Those who build information systems from the human side, don’t understand requirements of machines very well

Scholarship requires the ability to cite and track usage of scholarly artifacts. In our current mode of working, there is no way to easily track artifacts as they move through the ecosystem; no way to incrementally add human expertise.

Digital objects are a new beast

Can’t just view them as digital versions of physical objects

Trust: Not just who produced it but what produced it

Whole-sale text-mining is required for synthesis and discovery

Search Pub Med: Spinal Muscular Atrophy

The scientific corpus is fragmented

• ~25 million articles total, each covering a fragment of the biomedical space

• Each publisher owns a fragment of a particular field

• The current process is inefficient and slow

Wiley

Elsevier

MacMillian

Oxford

Spinal Muscular Atrophy

A new platform for scholarly communications

Components• Authoring tools

– Optimized for mark up and linked content• Containers

– Expand the objects that are considered “publications”– Optimize the container for the content

• Processes– Scholarship is code

• Mark up– Data, claims, content suitable for the web– Suitable identifier systems

• Reward systems– Incentives to change– Reward for new objects

Scholarship must move from a “single currency system”; platforms must recognize diversity of output and representation

Impetus for change: Is our current method serving science?

47/50 major preclinical published cancer studies could not be replicated

“The scientific community assumes that the claims in a preclinical study can be taken at face value-that although there might be some errors in detail, the main message of the paper can be relied on and the data will, for the most part, stand the test of time. Unfortunately, this is not always the case.”

Begley and Ellis, 29 MARCH 2012 | VOL 483 | NATURE | 531

FORCE11.org

• Community platform– Meetings– Discussions– Tools and resources– Blogs– Event calendar– Community projects

• Promote interoperability– Data Citation– Resource identification

initiative

500 members from diverse stakeholder groups

Beyond the PDF• Conference/unconference

where all stakeholders come together as equals to discuss issues– Publishers– Technologists– Scholars– Library scientists

• Incubator for change• What would you do to

change scholarly communication?

San Diego, Jan 2011 ...... Amsterdam, March 2013........?2015

http://www.force11.org/beyondthepdf2

Promote community, cross-fertilization and interoperability

• FORCE11 helps facilitate communications across disciplines and communities

• Issues are not identical but we can learn from each other– Enhanced publications

• Digital humanities +

– Dealing with data• Science +

– Open Access• Science + “What is an ORCID id?”-computer scientist

Resource for scholarly communications: People, organizations, publications, tools

Scholarly communication landscape: Looking at the big picture

ORCID

Data journals

Research Data AlliancePeerJ, eLife

Workflows 4Ever

Data Verse

Impact Story, Rubriq

Sadie

Scalar

Are we really suffering from a lack of tools?

•or is it usable tools?•or is it tools that are

used?•or is it awareness that

there are tools?•or are these even the

right tools?

Born digital: working with research objects in scholarly publications

• Authoring tools: make it easier for researchers to work with other researchers and research objects

• Make citations to these objects machine-actionable

• If we are short on time and money, then perhaps we should spend our time and money more effectively

A place to come together: Data citation principles

•FORCE11 provides a neutral space for bringing groups together • 35 individuals representing

> 20 organizations concerned with data citation

• Conducted a review of current data citation recommendations from 4 different organizations

• Arrived at a sense of consensus principles

Data citation synthesis group: http://www.force11.org/node/4381

Data Citation Principles

• Draft of Consensus Data Citation principles ready for comment

• Designed to be high level and easy to understand

1. Importance2. Credit and

Attribution3. Evidence4. Unique

identifiers5. Access6. Persistence7. Versioning8. Interoperability

and flexibility

http://www.force11.org/datacitation

Connecting ORCID and DataCite

April 13, 2023 orcid.org 21

http://datacite.labs.orcid-eu.org

Unique ID’s for all! Resource Identification Initiative

• It is currently impossible to query the biomedical literature to find out what research resources have been used to produce the results of a study

• Impossible to find all studies that used a resource

• Critical for reproducibility and data mining

• Critical for trouble-shooting

http://www.force11.org/resource_identification_initiative

Faulty Antibodies Continue to Enter US and European Markets, Warns Top Clinical Chemistry Researcher-Genome Web Daily, October 11, 2013

Resource Identification Initiative• Have authors supply

appropriate identifiers for key resources used within a study such that they are:– Machine processible (i.e.,

unique identifier that resolves to a single resource)

– Outside of the paywall– Uniform across journals and

publishers

Launching February 2014: Change the way authors think about writing papers

FORCE11 Vision• Modern technologies enable vastly improve knowledge transfer and far wider

impact; freed from the restrictions of paper, numerous advantages appear

• We see a future in which scientific information and scholarly communication more generally become part of a global, universal and explicit network of knowledge

• To enable this vision, we need to create and use new forms of scholarly publication that work with reusable scholarly artifacts

• To obtain the benefits that networked knowledge promises, we have to put in place reward systems that encourage scholars and researchers to participate and contribute

• To ensure that this exciting future can develop and be sustained, we have to support the rich, variegated, integrated and disparate knowledge offerings that new technologies enable

What is the 21st century equivalent of the library?