Maryann E. Martone, Ph. D.Executive Director
Professor of Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego
Future of Research Communications and E-Scholarship
Open Access and Research Communication: The Perspective of Force11
What is FORCE11?Future of Research Communications and E-Scholarship: A grass roots effort to accelerate the pace and nature of scholarly communications and e-scholarship through technology, education and community
Why 11? We were born in 2011 in Dagstuhl, Germany
Principles laid out in the FORCE11 Manifesto
FORCE11 launched in July 2012
Who is FORCE11?
Anyone who has a stake in moving scholarly communication into the 21st century
Publishers
Library and Information
scientists
Policy makers
Tool builders
Funders
Scholars
Science HumanitiesSocial
Sciences
FORCE11 Vision• Modern technologies enable vastly improve knowledge transfer and far wider
impact; freed from the restrictions of paper, numerous advantages appear
• We see a future in which scientific information and scholarly communication more generally become part of a global, universal and explicit network of knowledge
• To enable this vision, we need to create and use new forms of scholarly publication that work with reusable scholarly artifacts
• To obtain the benefits that networked knowledge promises, we have to put in place reward systems that encourage scholars and researchers to participate and contribute
• To ensure that this exciting future can develop and be sustained, we have to support the rich, variegated, integrated and disparate knowledge offerings that new technologies enable
Beyond the PDF Visual Notes by De Jongens van de Tekeningen is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.
Old Model: Single type of content; single mode of distribution
Scholar
Library
Scholar
Publisher
The future is now...
Scholar
Consumer
Libraries
Data Repositories
Code RepositoriesCommunity databases/platforms
OA
Curators
Social Networks
Social NetworksSocial
Networks
Peer Reviewers
Workflows
Data
Blogs/Wikis
Multimedia
Nanopublications
Narrative
Code
The duality of modern scholarship
Observation: Those who build information systems from the machine side don’t understand the requirements of the human very well
Those who build information systems from the human side, don’t understand requirements of machines very well
Scholarship requires the ability to cite and track usage of scholarly artifacts. In our current mode of working, there is no way to easily track artifacts as they move through the ecosystem; no way to incrementally add human expertise.
Digital objects are a new beast
Can’t just view them as digital versions of physical objects
Trust: Not just who produced it but what produced it
Whole-sale text-mining is required for synthesis and discovery
Search Pub Med: Spinal Muscular Atrophy
The scientific corpus is fragmented
• ~25 million articles total, each covering a fragment of the biomedical space
• Each publisher owns a fragment of a particular field
• The current process is inefficient and slow
Wiley
Elsevier
MacMillian
Oxford
Spinal Muscular Atrophy
A new platform for scholarly communications
Components• Authoring tools
– Optimized for mark up and linked content• Containers
– Expand the objects that are considered “publications”– Optimize the container for the content
• Processes– Scholarship is code
• Mark up– Data, claims, content suitable for the web– Suitable identifier systems
• Reward systems– Incentives to change– Reward for new objects
Scholarship must move from a “single currency system”; platforms must recognize diversity of output and representation
Impetus for change: Is our current method serving science?
47/50 major preclinical published cancer studies could not be replicated
“The scientific community assumes that the claims in a preclinical study can be taken at face value-that although there might be some errors in detail, the main message of the paper can be relied on and the data will, for the most part, stand the test of time. Unfortunately, this is not always the case.”
Begley and Ellis, 29 MARCH 2012 | VOL 483 | NATURE | 531
FORCE11.org
• Community platform– Meetings– Discussions– Tools and resources– Blogs– Event calendar– Community projects
• Promote interoperability– Data Citation– Resource identification
initiative
500 members from diverse stakeholder groups
Beyond the PDF• Conference/unconference
where all stakeholders come together as equals to discuss issues– Publishers– Technologists– Scholars– Library scientists
• Incubator for change• What would you do to
change scholarly communication?
San Diego, Jan 2011 ...... Amsterdam, March 2013........?2015
http://www.force11.org/beyondthepdf2
Promote community, cross-fertilization and interoperability
• FORCE11 helps facilitate communications across disciplines and communities
• Issues are not identical but we can learn from each other– Enhanced publications
• Digital humanities +
– Dealing with data• Science +
– Open Access• Science + “What is an ORCID id?”-computer scientist
Resource for scholarly communications: People, organizations, publications, tools
Scholarly communication landscape: Looking at the big picture
ORCID
Data journals
Research Data AlliancePeerJ, eLife
Workflows 4Ever
Data Verse
Impact Story, Rubriq
Sadie
Scalar
Are we really suffering from a lack of tools?
•or is it usable tools?•or is it tools that are
used?•or is it awareness that
there are tools?•or are these even the
right tools?
Born digital: working with research objects in scholarly publications
• Authoring tools: make it easier for researchers to work with other researchers and research objects
• Make citations to these objects machine-actionable
• If we are short on time and money, then perhaps we should spend our time and money more effectively
A place to come together: Data citation principles
•FORCE11 provides a neutral space for bringing groups together • 35 individuals representing
> 20 organizations concerned with data citation
• Conducted a review of current data citation recommendations from 4 different organizations
• Arrived at a sense of consensus principles
Data citation synthesis group: http://www.force11.org/node/4381
Data Citation Principles
• Draft of Consensus Data Citation principles ready for comment
• Designed to be high level and easy to understand
1. Importance2. Credit and
Attribution3. Evidence4. Unique
identifiers5. Access6. Persistence7. Versioning8. Interoperability
and flexibility
http://www.force11.org/datacitation
Connecting ORCID and DataCite
April 13, 2023 orcid.org 21
http://datacite.labs.orcid-eu.org
Unique ID’s for all! Resource Identification Initiative
• It is currently impossible to query the biomedical literature to find out what research resources have been used to produce the results of a study
• Impossible to find all studies that used a resource
• Critical for reproducibility and data mining
• Critical for trouble-shooting
http://www.force11.org/resource_identification_initiative
Faulty Antibodies Continue to Enter US and European Markets, Warns Top Clinical Chemistry Researcher-Genome Web Daily, October 11, 2013
Resource Identification Initiative• Have authors supply
appropriate identifiers for key resources used within a study such that they are:– Machine processible (i.e.,
unique identifier that resolves to a single resource)
– Outside of the paywall– Uniform across journals and
publishers
Launching February 2014: Change the way authors think about writing papers
FORCE11 Vision• Modern technologies enable vastly improve knowledge transfer and far wider
impact; freed from the restrictions of paper, numerous advantages appear
• We see a future in which scientific information and scholarly communication more generally become part of a global, universal and explicit network of knowledge
• To enable this vision, we need to create and use new forms of scholarly publication that work with reusable scholarly artifacts
• To obtain the benefits that networked knowledge promises, we have to put in place reward systems that encourage scholars and researchers to participate and contribute
• To ensure that this exciting future can develop and be sustained, we have to support the rich, variegated, integrated and disparate knowledge offerings that new technologies enable
What is the 21st century equivalent of the library?