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Open data for aid and development
Rupert Simons
April 27, 2016
Source: World Development Report 2016
We’ve all heard of big data
Cellphone subscriptions worldwidebillion
2000 20150.7
7
Gigabytes of data produced every daybillion
2000 2015
2.5<0.1
But data is often poor or non-existent in countries where you need it most
Managing the Ebola crisis
• Where are the patients?
• Where are the ambulances?
• Have the health workers been paid?
Source: Nature, FT
Estimating the size of the economy
• Did Nigeria’s GDP really double in two years?
• ‘Middle income’ countries pay more to borrow from the World Bank, but less in the market
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
0
1000
2000
3000
Nigeria GDP, USD per capita
Publish What You Fund reviewed the quality of data produced by major aid donors
10
25
65Activity level data (28 indicators)
Organisation level data (8 indicators)Commitment to transparency (3 indicators)
We worked with people from
46 agencies in
22 countries
and 36 independent reviewers and CSOs
100
To assess 39 indicators of data on aid and development
Maximum possible score
Over a data collection period of 14 weeks
What we found: Aid is getting more transparent
2013 Index 2014 Index 2016 Index4 7
1058
816
16
1616
15
726 22
5
Very PoorPoorFairGoodVery Good
Source: Aid Transparency Index 2013-16
Performance of agencies in the Index
Total 67 68 46
Ten donors met the Busan commitment in full:
• UNDP• U.S. – MCC• UNICEF• UK – DFID• The Global Fund• World Bank – IDA• IADB• AsDB• Sweden• AfDB
300+
Nearly 400 organisations are now publishing to IATI
Number of IATI publishers by type2011-15
Source: IATI annual report 2015
The norm is gradually shifting from annual reporting to quarterly, monthly or real time
Annual reporting• Companies House/ Charity Commission returns• OECD-DAC Credit Reporting Statistics (for official donors)• Annual report on website (usually in PDF)
Regular updating• Monthly or quarterly publication• Machine-readable and web formats• Edit for confidentiality
Real-time data sharing• Uploaded automatically• Daily decision-making• Limited editing
Some governments are using the data
NGOs are using it too, for example:
Source: IATI, Development Gateway
IATI import system in useIATI import system under developmentIATI partner country
Most people outside government are not
Source: d-portal.org, 2016 Aid Transparency Index
Partly because it’s not easy to use
Partly because they don’t know it’s there
Partly because the data is of poor quality
“Even stakeholders that regularly search for aid information, like civil society watchdog organizations and parliamentarians, were not aware of the available data sources.”
USAID aid transparency pilot assessment, July 201513% of activities in
Ghana had a location specified
Meanwhile, civic registration and administrative data lags far behind
Source: Development Initiatives “Data Revolution in Africa”
Census
Househ
old su
rvey
Pove
rty ce
nsus
Agricul
tural
census
Birth st
atistic
s
Death
statist
ics
82
45 33 29 22 13
9
40
2913 18
9
9 1538
58 6078
Recent (last 10 years for census, last 3-5 years for survey)
Out of date
Unusable or unavailable
Quality and availability of data in African countries, percentage of countries
Estimates for closing data gaps range widely, with $100-200 million per year as the median
Source: Brookings; CGD; SDSN
17-66
Cost of building and maintaining statistical systems to monitor the Sustainable Development GoalsUSD million per year
100-200
1,100900-
1,000
>10,000
New moneyExisting aidOwn resourcesNot specified
So what should we do about it?
• A perspective from the INGO Accountability Charter
• What do you think?
• Publish What You Fund perspective
• Data quality• Awareness• Tools