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Operation Market Garden
By: Zanny, Teddy, Joseph, and Ishaan
https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=yE_CT0n1kqo
Thesis:In an attempt to end the war before Christmas, Allied forces tried to combine air forces and ground troops to secure key bridges on the Rhine River and infiltrate Ruhr, the industrial core of Germany. A lack of coordination between American and British troops coupled with inferior weaponry for the paratroopers caused the operation to fail. In the aftermath of the Allied failure, Germany tightened its grip on the Netherlands, and cut off their food supply--directly leading to the Dutch Winter Hunger. Additionally, it would take time for the Allies to successfully capture the Rhine, extending the war for four more months.
Goals:● catapult forces over major boundaries
in Hollando specifically the Rhine River
● Pass Siegfried line● infiltrate Ruhr, the industrial heartland
of Germany● secure key bridges on the Rhine River
leading to Germany● use a combination of air and ground
troops to accomplish this● End the war before Christmas
Leaders:Allies: Field MarshalBernard Montgomery
Leaders:Germany: GeneralfeldmarschallWalter Model
Allies 101st took off sunday september 17th, hitting their landing zones and securing four bridges in the area.
Timeline
508th battalion was unable to secure their bridge and was met with heavy resistance.
British paratroopers are intercepted by the SS, but are successful with securing part of Arnhem bridge. however they are met with heavy resistance.
Monday 18th british troopers fight their way through german forces and connect with the 101st airborne.
September 17th British are forced to give up the Arnhem bridge to germans.
September 22nd, Polish paratroopers drop to reinforce the british forces.
September 25th, British and Polish troops retreat across the river and connect with the XXX allied troops.
September 25th, 6000 allied troops taken prisoner and 1,000 are dead
September 27th, Arnhem is surrendered. South of Arnhem Allies forces hold their ground, and 3,500 more casualties are sustained after the next few months.
Group of German soldiers who were taken prisoner in Nijmegen by American paratroopers of the 82nd US Airborne division
Allied paratroopers during Operation Market Garden
Battle Map
http://www.rememberseptember44.com/plan4b.htm
Possible Reasons for Failure: ● Lack of coordination between American
and British troops, somewhat due to problems with radios
● Heavily armed German troops stationed in Arnhem that the Allies were unaware of
● Paratroopers were very lightly armed● German opposition outmanned and
outgunned the Allied paratroopers● Bad weather
Results and Effects
● Complete and utter failure● Did NOT end the war, it raged on for
months after● Allies: 17,000 casualties● Germans: 15,000 casualties● Russia ended up infiltrating Germany
first
Dutch ‘Hunger Winter’● Dutch railway strikes to make it hard
for Germans to do supplieso made problems for Germans, but also food
shortages in the Netherlands● German military take control of railway
o cuts off food and supplies to Netherlands● Known as Hunger Winter, and it lasted
until the end of the waro Over 18,000 Dutch died in the winter
Children looking for food during the ‘Hunger Winter’ of 1944.
Civilians standing in line for a soup kitchen during the ‘Hunger Winter’ of 1944.
Works CitedWorks Cited
Alex, Dan. "Operation Market Garden Timeline." Operation Market Garden Timeline. Second World War History, 12
May 2014. Web. 15 Mar. 2015.
"Bernard Montgomery." Bernard Montgomery. NNBD Tracking the Entire World, n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2015.
British Flag. Digital image. Https://c1.staticflickr.com/9/8152/7377899512_6ddf677307_z.jpg. N.p., n.d. Web.
Chen, Peter C. "Operation Market Garden." Operation Market Garden. World War II Database, n.d. Web. 13 Mar. 2015.
Dunnavent, R. Blake. "Operation Market-Garden." Encyclopedia of American Military History, Vol. 2. New York: Facts
On File, 2003. History Research Center. Web. 16 Mar. 2015.
Fascism-nazi-swastika-symbol. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.pd4pic.com/images/fascism-nazi-swastika-
symbol-germany.png>.
Fitzpatrick, Dan. "Why Operation Market Garden Failed." Why Operation Market Garden Failed. U.S. European
Command, 26 Sept. 2014. Web. 13 Mar. 2015.
"Gerade Auf LeMO Gesehen: LeMO Bestand: Biografie." LeMO Biografie - walter-model. LEMO Lebendiges Museum
Online, n.d. Web. 16 Mar. 2015.
"Ginkelse Heide: Airborne Landings with Airborne Commemoration - Market Garden 70." Market Garden 70. N.p., 20
Sept. 2014. Web. 16 Mar. 2015.
"The Hunger Winter." Liberation Route Group. Liberation Route Group, n.d. Web. 12 Mar. 2015.
Works Cited Continued
Tigerstripe Camo. Digital image. N.p., n.d. Web.
Waves of Paratroopers Land in the Netherlands during Operation Market Garden in September 1944. 1944. Netherlands.
"World War 2 Facts." Operation Market Garden. World War 2 Facts, 30 Oct. 2013. Web. 16 Mar. 2015.
Chen, C. Peter. "Bernard Montgomery." WW2DB RSS. WW2DB, n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2015.Chen, C. Peter. "Walter Model." WW2DB RSS. WW2DB, n.d. Web. 28 Mar. 2015.