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Opportunity and Challenges in Development in Cambodia
Presenters: NGOV Penghuy and Chan Sokyeng
June 25th
Prof. Otsubo’s Undergraduate Class
A glance on Cambodia
• Population: 14.2 million (2006)• Area: 18,1035 Km2
• GDP Per Capita (Nominal): 512 USD (2006)• GDP Per Capita (PPP): 2,727 USD (2005)• Inflation: 3.6 per cent (2002-2006 average)• Adult Literacy Rate: 73.6 (2005)• Life Expectancy: 58.0 (2005)
Structure of Output
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 20060%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Agriculture Industry Services
Service
Industry
Agriculture
Sectoral Growth Rate
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006-5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Agriculture Industry Services GDP
Basic Macroeconomic Data2004 2005 2006
Saving-Investment Balance
Gross national saving 15.6 15.8 19.5
Gross investment 17.7 20.1 21.5
General Government Budget
Total revenue 10.3 10.3 11.5
Total expenditure 14.9 13.7 13.5
Balance of Payment
Exports of goods 46.2 44.2 48.8
Imports of goods 64.1 65.6 68.8
External debt
Outstanding Debt (%GDP) 38.5 33.9 31.0
Debt Service (Mn USD) 68 69 69
(in percent of exports of good and service) 1.5 1.3 1.1
Characteristics of Cambodian Economies
1. Dollarized economy. 2. Aid-dependence.3. Around 80 of population engages in agriculture
and makes up about 40 per cent of GDP.4. FDI-led growth: garment sector as growth
engine.5. Angkor Wat as tourism site.6. Construction boom (in the last few years).
Garment: Fast Growing Industry
1. Employment: 400,000 jobs in total and absorb some 30,000 jobs per year.
2. Jobs in garment sector help alleviate poverty of workers and families.
3. Exports of garment products account for approximately 80 per cent of total export.
Angkor Wat as core tourist site
1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 20050
200,000
400,000
600,000
800,000
1,000,000
1,200,000
1,400,000
1,600,000
Total Number of Tourists
Opportunities
1. Oil Reserve (?)2. FDI-led growth3. Garment Sector as Growth Engine4. Hydro-electric power plant (9 plants by
2019?)5. Improvement in financial market
Challenges
1. Environmental Problems2. Widening gap between the rich and the poor3. Sky rocketing in real estate price recently
land grabbing the poor becomes worse-off4. National Program for Administrative Reform
(NPAR): Civil Service Reform5. Low domestic technological accumulation
leads to slow technological absorption from outside.