Optogenetics -Public presentation

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Institut für Mikro- und Sensorsysteme

Lehrstuhl Mikrosystemtechnik

DESIGN, DEVELOPMENT AND PACKAGING OF AN

OPTRODE FOR NEURONAL APPLICATIONSOPTRODE FOR NEURONAL APPLICATIONS

Rabinder Henry

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Introduction

Optogenetic Tool

CONTENTS

Analyses

Future perspective

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OPTOGENETICS

Optics Genetics

Optogenetics

Selective control of neuronal activity using light -photoexcitation /photoinhibition

Millisecond-scale temporal precision -gain or loss of function of precise events

Microbial opsin genes - optical control of action potential patterns

Deisseroth, K., Feng, G., Majewska, A.K., Miesenbo¨ ck, G., Ting, A., and Schnitzer, M.J. (2006). Next-generation optical

technologies for illuminating genetically targeted brain circuits. J. Neurosci. 26, 10380–10386.

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Recording Electrode

Neural resposne recording

Light Emitting Structure

Photostimulation of specific cells

Optrode

OPTOGENETIC TOOL

Genetically Modified Light Sensitive Channels

Optrode

OPTOGENETIC TOOLNon-selective activation of cells

Multipath Current flow

Artifacts interference

Excitation and inhibtion

Minimal interference

Scalable Process to deeper parts

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Genetically Modified Light Sensitive Channels

Fast light-activated channels and enzymes

Temporally precise manipulation of electrical and biochemical events

Microbial Opsins (rhodopsin)

Visual proteins - unicellular algae, bacteria and archaebacteria

7-transmembrane (TM) rhodopsins

Photoreceptors

Optimal intensity location

(photosynthesis)

Figure 1:7-Transmembrane (TM) rhodopsins

(photosynthesis)

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Investigate the function of neural systems

Non-lightsensitive cells to enable rapid optical control

Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) ,λ=480 nm (Blue )

Cation channels, conducting H+, Na+, K+, Ca2+

Light absorption Retinal

isomerization

Gating Thermal

relaxationClosing

Figure 2: Channelrhodopsin

Retinal-Vitamin A derivative

Mammalian Neuronal Cells

Generation of hybrids ChRs

spectral and kinetic properties

Improve expression in host

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JingWang Integrated device for combined optical neuromodulation and electrical recording

for chronic in vivo applications, Journal of Neural Engineering .

CURRENT PERSPECTIVE

Figure 4:Waveguide based Optrode

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Anthony N. Zorzos, Edward S. Boyden, and Clifton G. Fonstad, Multiwaveguide implantable probe for

light delivery to sets of distributed brain targets. Optical Soceity of America

CURRENT PERSPECTIVE

Figure 5:Micromirros based Optrode

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ANALYZES

Possible light-induced damage to neurons at the tip of the electrode

Possible photoinduced detrimental effects to the cells in the immediate vicinity

Limitations of using optical fiber based endoscopic technologies

Optical coupling between light sources and optical guides

Diffraction of electromagnetic radiation by a circular hole in an infinitely thin and

perfectly conducting screen

Tissue damage due to electrode tips

Optical inter -modulation

Temperature effects of optical source

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FUTURE PERSPECTIVE

Polymer based microelectrodes with OLED – 3D structure

Polymer based microelectrodes with ILED

Nir Grossman .et .al ,Multi-site optical excitation using ChR2 and micro-LED array, 2009

Wireless, Ultra Low Power, Broadband Neural Recording Microsystem

Reference :http://nurmikko.engin.brown.edu/?q=node/1

Blue-Green and Ultraviolet micro-LEDs in Neural

Imaging and Stimulation

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FUTURE PERSPECTIVE

Polymer based microelectrodes with OLED – 3D structure - ASIC

OLED

Wir

eles

s

Electrode

PhotodiodeA

SIC

Polymer

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[1] Jiayi Zhang, Farah Laiwalla, Jennifer A Kim, Hayato Urabe, Rick VanWagenen, Yoon-Kyu Song,

BarryWConnors, Feng Zhang,Karl Deisseroth and Arto V Nurmikko, “ Integrated device for optical

stimulation and spatiotemporal electrical recording of neural activity in light-sensitized brain tissue, ”

Journal of Neural Engineering, Volume 6 ,IOP, 2009.

[2] JingWang, FabienWagner, David A Borton, Jiayi Zhang,Ilker Ozden, Rebecca D Burwell, Arto V

Nurmikko, Rick vanWagenen, Ilka Diester and Karl Deisseroth,“ Integrated device for combined optical

neuromodulation and electrical recording for chronic in vivo applications,” Journal of Neural

Engineering, Volume 9 ,IOP, 2012.

REFERENCES

Engineering, Volume 9 ,IOP, 2012.

[3] Matthew R. Banghart, Matthew Volgraf, and Dirk Trauner, “ Engineering Light-Gated Ion Channels,”

American Chemical Society, February ,2006.

[4] Polina Anikeeva, et .al,“ Optetrode: a multichannel readout for optogenetic control in freely moving

mice,” Nature Neuroscience ,volume 15 ,number 1, January 2012.

[5] http://nurmikko.engin.brown.edu/?q=node/46

[6] Feng Zhang et.al., “ The Microbial Opsin Family of Optogenetic Tools,” Cell Elsevier1,47,

December 23, 2011.

[7] http://www.openoptogenetics.org/index.php?title=Channelrhodopsins

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But I have promises to keep !

And Miles to Go before I sleep !

And Miles to Go before I sleep !!

Robert Frost, 1922.Robert Frost, 1922.

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Questions ?

Contact: Rabinder Henry

https://www.facebook.com/rabinder.henry

https://in.linkedin.com/in/rabinder-henry-02284aa

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Positive (hyperpolarizing) afterpotential

Negative (depolarizing) afterpotential

Threshold

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Presynaptic cell

++

++

-

-

-+

+

+

+

+

+-

-

-

-

-

-Action zone

Postsynaptic cell

Electrical

events

Action

potential

DepolarizationAction

potentialSynaptic potential

++

++

+-

-

-

-

-

+

+

+-

-

-

-

-

Neurotransmitter

released

Diffusion of

Neurotransmitter

Postsynaptic membrane

activation

Chemial

events

Neurotransmitter

receptor reaction

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Presynaptic cell

Postsynaptic cell

Neural vector Transgene transcription

Ion channel

Receptor

Neurotransmitter precursor

Transgene translation

Ion channel

Docking protein

Re-uptake protein

Second

messenger

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Optogenetics -Public presentation

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