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Oral
Communication:
Some BasicPrinciples
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INTRODUCTION
Classify basic principles of oral
communication,
Explain why oral communication isimportant
Roles of speakers and listeners in the
communication process
Identify interference in communication.
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PRINCIPLES OF ORAL
COMMUNICATION
Good oral communication skills is crucial to
ones success
Camp and atterwhite !"##"$ explained that
oral communication is a two%way process thatre&uires both a speaker and a listener.
'oth the sender of a messa(e and the recei)er
of the messa(e must ha)e (ood speakin( skills
and (ood listenin( skills respecti)ely.
*ral communication therefore in)ol)es two
crucial skills % listenin( and speakin(.
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+. ay attention to what people say-
". nderstand the messa(e-
/. Remember what you ha)e listened-
0. E)aluate what you listen- and
1. Respond to the speaker by (i)in(
feedback.
Characteristics of Good 2istenin(
kills
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+. 'e able to interpret meanin( accordin( to context-
". 3now the re(ulati)e rules of speakin(-
/. 3now the constituti)e rules-
0. se the proper )olume-
1. se the proper pitch- and4. se proper intonation.
Good Speaking Skills
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5wo importance of oral communication are6
+. *ral communication is important if we want to build
friendships.
". Good oral communication skills also help in knowled(
ac&uisition.
Importane o! Oral Comm"niation
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ROLES OF SPEA#ER AND
LISTENER
both the speaker and the listener
has responsibilities in the
communication process6a. e)aluate the situation
a)oid miscommunication
(i)e and recei)e feedback maintain (oodwill
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b. understand needs !Maslows
Hierarchy of needs$
physical needs security needs social needs esteem needs
self actualisation need
c. use Interpersonal kills make you%statements
ha)e a positi)e attitude be a (ood listener keep thin(s confidential be considerate
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INTERFERENCE IN
COMMUNICATION
there are se)eral types of 7noise that
mi(ht interfere with the communication
process6a. physical interference !traffic sound$-b. physiolo(ical interference !hearin(%
impaired$-
c. psycholo(ical interference!pre8udices$-
d. semantic interference !lan(ua(e
differences$
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Fo"r Fators o! Inter!erene in Comm"niation
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Fators o! Inter!erene in
Comm"niation
$% P&'sial Inter!erene % Examples of physical
interference are loud noise, sound of a train,
loud music etc. 9ll these are beyond ourcontrol.
(% P&'siologial Inter!erene % 5his refers to the
speaker and the listener. 5he speaker or
listener may be hearin( impaired, ha)earticulation problems or ha)e memory loss.
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)% Ps'&ologial Inter!erene % 9 listener orspeaker who is emotionally disturbed or pre%
occupied may not be a (ood communicator.
9n(er and emotions will distort the messa(e.
*% Semanti Inter!erene % emantic deals withmeanin(. :hen we are not familiar with a
certain culture, lan(ua(e and dialect, meanin(
may not be clear. ;isunderstandin( may take
place due to semantic interference.