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Presented by>>>>Saif ullah buneri Wagma sundri
Benish
Presented to >>>My dear Sir Zaheer Ahmad Khan
Pilosa
Pilosa in Latin means hairyContains anteaters and slothsFound only in the Americas today
Central and South AmericaOrigins are unclear but can be traced back to
South America in the early Tertiary
Pilosa Facts
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Superorder: Xenarthra
Order: Pilosa
Suborder: Vermilingua
Family: Myrmecophagidae
Genus:Myrmecophaga
Species: M. tridactyla
Binomial name
Myrmecophaga tridactyla
Anteater Families
/
• Cyclopediae• Silky Anteater
• Myrmecophagidae• Giant Anteater• Northern Tamandua• Southern Tamandua
Specialized to eat ants and termitesJaws
Became longer snoutsTeeth have been reducedTongues have became longer
Spine covered
Very strong forelimbs and clawsFor digging up termite nest and ant hillsOpening up tree barkCan be used in defense against jaguars (Giant
anteater)Walk on knuckles with claws curved under
Anteaters Characteristics
Sloth Families• Suborder Folivora• Bradypodidae
• Pygmy Three-toed sloth• Brown-throated Three-toed sloth• Pale-throated Three-toed sloth• Maned Three-toed sloth
Megalonychidae• Hoffman’s Two-toed sloth• Southern Two-toed sloth
Sloths Families cont.
Megatheriidae megatheriid ground sloths
Mylodontidae Myylodontid ground sloths
Orophodontidae orophodontid ground sloths
Scelidotheriidae Scelidotheriid ground sloths
Extinct ground sloths Families20,000 years ago
Long curved claws used to hang from branches
Slow movingSpecialized in eating leavesCanine teeth have recededNow have ever growing peg-like molarsTree dwelling
Hang upside downCan swim and move about on the ground.Fur on their stomach curves to the back .
Sloth Characteristics
BackgroundHave a resting metabolic rate less than half
that of a typical placental mammalMove slowly
Muscles and nerves function more slowly than typical mammals
The effect of these traits influence there net energetic cost and attendant food requirements
Case study
ResultsWater influx and efflux where nearly equalMetabolic rates where highest in males and
least in no reproductive females but the difference was not significant
Diet provides 10.4 metabolizable kJ food.
Results
FindingsEnergy Metabolism
Aspects that contribute to low energy requirementsLow and variable body temperatureBehavioral thermoregulationLarge portion of body mass as metabolically inactive materialHeat-conserving rate in blood vessels in limbsSlow acting muscle and nerve fibers
Water fluxesApproximate water balanceGets all of it’s water requirement from young and old leaves
Energy assimilationAssimilation efficiency depends on the mix of leaves in the
gut
Case study
Adaptations for specific foods Anteaters
Forelimbs and Claws Snout and Tongue
Sloth Live in trees Move slow
Have a common ancestor to armadillosSloth Digestion and metabolism
Traits that require low energy requirmentsSlow metabolism
Main Points
http://www.mammalsrus.com/eutheria/pilosa/pilosa.html
Nagy, Kenneth A., and G. Gene Montgomery. "Field Metabolic Rate, Water Flux, and Food Consumption in Three-Toed Sloths (Bradypus Variegatus)." Journal of Mammalogy 61.3 (1980): 465-72. Print.
Sources
Questions