ORDINARY HIGH WATER MARK DELINEATION GUIDELINESswc.nd.gov/pdfs/ordinary_high_water.pdf ·...

ORDINARY HIGH WATER MARK DELINEATION GUIDELINES

NORTH DAKOTA STATE ENGINEER

JANUARY, 2007

ACKNOWLEDGMENT

These guidelines were prepared by the Office of the State Engineer with assistance from Houston Engineering, Inc.

i

ORDINARY HIGH WATER MARK DELINEATION GUIDELINES

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................1 2.0 INDICATORS .......................................................................................................................2

2.1 Vegetation ...............................................................................................................2 2.2 Soils.........................................................................................................................3 2.3 Other Physical Indicators .........................................................................................3 2.4 Hydrology................................................................................................................4

3.0 SPECIFIC APPROACH FOR DELINEATIONS ...........................................................................5

3.1 Vegetation Analysis .................................................................................................7 3.2 Soils Analysis ........................................................................................................10 3.3 Assessment of Other Physical Indicators................................................................11 3.4 Hydrologic Assessment..........................................................................................12 3.5 Other Considerations..............................................................................................14 3.6 Documentation.......................................................................................................15

4.0 LIST OF REFERENCES ........................................................................................................17

List of Figures

Figure 1 ND OHWM Delineation Process Flow Chart...........................................................6

List of Tables

Table 1 Definition of Vegetation Strata................................................................................8 Table 2 Plant Indicator Status Categories .............................................................................9

Appendices

Appendix A – Delineation Data Form Appendix B – Region 4 Wetland Vegetation Species Appendix C – Example Photos Appendix D – Glossary of Terms

1

NORTH DAKOTA STATE ENGINEER

ORDINARY HIGH WATER MARK DELINEATION GUIDELINES 1.0 INTRODUCTION A 2005 Attorney General Opinion advised the State Engineer to develop a comprehensive sovereign land management plan. One product of the resulting comprehensive planning process was the determination that specific guidelines needed to be developed for delineating ordinary high water marks (Reference 12). As such, these guidelines are intended to define a consistent and technically defensible approach for delineating the ordinary high water mark (OHWM) in both riverine and lake settings in North Dakota. Some degree of subjectivity will always remain with the delineator in the application of their technical expertise and field judgment, but every effort should be made to follow the procedures identified and to thoroughly document the basis for the delineation using the forms provided in these guidelines. At the time of statehood, the federal government conveyed ownership of the beds of navigable lakes and streams to the state under the Equal Footing Doctrine. Currently the State Engineer is statutorily mandated with the responsibility of managing those lands in ND Century Code Chapter 61-33 (Reference 10). The State Engineer has developed a program for permitting various uses of sovereign land, and specific guidelines for that regulatory program have been adopted as administrative rule in Chapter 89-10-01 (Reference 7). ND Century Code Section 61-33-01(Reference 10) defines “Sovereign Lands” as:

…those areas, including beds and islands, lying within the ordinary high watermark of navigable lakes and streams…

ND Administrative Code Section 89-10-01-03 (Reference 7) defines “Ordinary High Water Mark” as:

…that line below which the action of the water is frequent enough either to prevent the growth of vegetation or to restrict its growth to predominantly wetland species. Islands in navigable streams and waters are considered to be below the ordinary high watermark in their entirety.

The North Dakota Supreme Court has considered cases related to the delineation of OHWM’s yet they have provided minimal guidance beyond the following definition (Reference 12):

…a water mark. It is co-ordinate with the limit of the bed of water; and that only is to be considered the bed that the water occupies sufficiently long and

2

continuously to wrest it from vegetation, and destroy its value for agricultural purposes… In some places, however, where the banks are low and flat, the water does not impress on the soils any well-defined line of demarcation between the bed and the banks. In such cases the effect of the water upon vegetation must be the principal test in determining the location of high water mark as a line between the riparian owner and the public. It is the point up to which the presence of action of the water is so continuous as to destroy the value of the land for agricultural purposes by preventing the growth of vegetation, constituting what may be termed an ordinary agricultural crop. (Reference 8)

Delineation of an OHWM typically requires the application of multiple disciplines. Expertise in wetland delineation, botany, soil science, stream morphology as well as hydrology and hydraulics may all be employed in some instances. The following guidelines provide a template for the application of these multiple disciplines. However, it is important to recognize that delineations must be conducted by Office of the State Engineer staff or a designee in establishing an official ordinary high water mark on any of the state’s navigable waters. 2.0 INDICATORS There are various indicators that can be used to delineate an OHWM. A delineation will normally involve assessment of a combination of several different indicators including, but not necessarily limited to, soils, vegetation, hydrology, and other physical indicators. Because of the widely varying indicators needing to be considered, a delineation often requires the application of expertise in various scientific disciplines. The following sections provide a brief discussion of the indicators typically used to delineate an OHWM. A more detailed discussion of the specific application of these indicators is included in Section 3.0. 2.1 Vegetation Vegetation is a primary OHWM field indicator. However, it should be used in combination with other indicators whenever possible to ensure an accurate delineation. A delineator should have basic training in vegetation identification and the use of plant keys. The presence or lack of certain vegetative species can be vital to the delineation process. A zone of vegetation dominated by non-wetland species transitioning to mostly wetland vegetation is an excellent indicator. These vegetative transitions can be gradual depending on the specific landscape, so it is important to correctly identify the vegetation and its indicator status. While, by definition, the area below the OHWM contains ‘predominantly’ wetland vegetation, non-wetland vegetation may be present below the

3

OHWM; however the exposure to moving water or saturation of the roots may result in recognizable signs of stress. There are other vegetation related features to evaluate in addition to the actual plant species present. These features include, but are not limited to, adventitious roots, waterlines on tree trunks, multiple trunks, and exposed roots. These are all indicators that water has been present there often enough, and for a long enough period of time, to cause morphological changes in the plants or to remove the soils in which the plants were established. It is important to consider these indicators in conjunction with hydrology and/or soils, since these features can also be caused by large flood events which are not representative of an OHWM.

2.2 Soils Soils, along with vegetation, are also considered a primary OHWM indicator. However, as with vegetation, soils should be used in combination with other indicators whenever possible. Soils can be used as an indicator in two distinct ways; one involving simply the observation of surface evidence, and the other involving analysis of the subsurface through the use of borings or pits. In the case of the former, individuals trained in soil science, engineering, or river morphology may observe noticeable changes in soil appearance, erosion, sediment deposition, changes in texture, rippling, or shelving. In the case of the latter, the analysis in North Dakota must be performed by a Licensed Soil Classifier and includes a transect of borings or pits starting at an upland area and working toward the shoreline looking for specific soil conditions indicative of periodic inundation. The direct application of soils as an indicator is discussed in greater detail in Section 3.2. As noted in that discussion and on the field data form included in Appendix A of these guidelines, the work of a Licensed Soil Classifier may not be a requirement to complete a delineation, but it is additional information that can be useful in the process. 2.3 Other Physical Indicators In addition to the evaluation of vegetation and soils, there are other physical indicators which can contribute valuably to a delineation. These include debris, wrack, and mudlines visible along the bank, although care must be taken to ensure that these indicators are not evidence of extraordinarily high flow events. Other potentially useful physical indicators can also include ice scars, pollen, algae, or water staining. The application of these other physical indicators is discussed in greater detail in Section 3.3.

4

2.4 Hydrology While soils and vegetation are considered the primary indicators of the OHWM, hydrology is an additional tool that may be available and should not be ignored in the delineation process. It is hydrology which drives the water level fluctuations, and the evidence left in the form of vegetation, soils and other physical indicators are simply reflections of that hydrology. There are few case law examples of courts giving significant credence to statistical hydrology as a suitable primary indicator of ordinary high water. However, it can be a valuable tool as a cross check for the results obtained using other indicators and in those cases where other physical indicators result in ambiguity and uncertainty. In some locations the natural bank line and vegetation may have been replaced by bank stabilization and a well manicured lawn. Hydrology may be useful in such an instance to extrapolate a delineation from physical indicators upstream or downstream of the site. A review of recent stream flow conditions may also provide additional context for the results noted in the field. If a significant flood event occurred in the recent past, a review of current physical indicators alone may result in an erroneous delineation. A review of long term and recent hydrology may indicate whether physical indicators evident in the field are truly indicative of the ordinary high water mark or whether they reflect an extraordinary event. The use of hydrologic analyses in delineating OHWM’s will generally vary to a large extent between riverine and lake settings. In a riverine setting there may be stream flow records available from gages located in some proximity to the area to be delineated. Given a sufficient period of record, it may be possible to develop discharge frequency relationships for a given location. If a functional hydraulic model is available for the stream reach in question, it may also be possible to establish maps of inundation for flows of varying recurrence intervals. Even if the data were available for such an analysis, there has been only minimal work completed to define a recurrence interval which is widely accepted as ‘ordinarily’ high. The Washington State Departments of Ecology and Fish and Wildlife developed a draft set of guidelines for delineating ordinary high water marks in which they included an in-depth assessment of the use of statistical hydrology. In general terms, they found that ordinarily high flows, occurring for sufficient duration to impact soils and vegetation, fall between the 1.0 to 1.75-year flood, derived from maximum annual peak flow data (Reference 11). In those instances where sufficient stream flow records are unavailable, it may be possible to develop a discharge/frequency relationship using USGS regression equations, however, the applicability of those regression equations, specifically the size of contributing watershed over which they are considered valid, may rule out their applicability for most navigable streams (Reference 5).

5

In a lake setting, detailed records of either lake levels or inflows from the contributing watershed will generally be unavailable. However, some generalized data could be used to estimate inflows for various recurrence intervals. Where lake level records are unavailable, local historical accounts and survey meander lines may provide additional historic context. Using data available from the Soil Conservation Service’s (SCS) Hydrology Manual, the yield to be expected from the contributing watershed for both 80 years out of 100 and 50 years out of 100 can be estimated. Precipitation data is likely available for the vicinity, and annual evaporation can also be estimated using the SCS Hydrology Manual (Reference 1). If the outlet elevation is known and the stage-area-capacity data is available or can be estimated, a simplistic hydrologic budget could be developed and used to bracket, verify, or supplement the results obtained using vegetation, soils and the other physical indicators. 3.0 SPECIFIC APPROACH FOR DELINEATIONS As described in the preceding section, the delineation of an OHWM typically involves the application of various scientific disciplines. The disciplines that may apply in one location may not be pertinent in another, given the indicators that may or may not be present. Therefore, the exact process used to complete delineations may vary accordingly from site to site, and must be documented in detail. Even given this inherent variability, a generalized process flow chart for completing a delineation is included as Figure 1. The discussion that follows describes a specific process for using each type of indicator. The process illustrated in Figure 1 involves a check list starting with vegetation and working down in priority to include soils, other physical indicators, and hydrology. If one indicator is found to be available in a given location, all other indicators available for assessment, even those of a generally lower priority, should still be evaluated in the delineation process. A data form is provided in Appendix A for recording the results of the delineation. Further explanation of the desired documentation is provided in Section 3.6. Another consideration not included in the graphical illustration, which may prove beneficial, is completing some background office review prior to the field investigation. Although review of hydrologic data is considered lower in priority than vegetation, soils, and other physical indicators, a review of hydrologic data prior to completing any field investigation may be prudent. As discussed in the prior section, a preliminary review of historic and real time stream flow and meteorological data may provide context for the other indicators noted during the field investigation. If an extraordinarily high flow or water level was recently experienced, the indicators noted in the field may not reflect the OHWM. A preliminary review will also provide additional context as to the flow or water levels present at the time of the field investigation.

7

3.1 Vegetation Analysis Vegetation will commonly be the single most useful OHWM field indicator. That said, it should be used in combination with other indicators whenever possible to ensure an accurate delineation. ND Administrative Code Section 89-10-01-03 (Reference 7) addresses vegetation’s importance in defining the OHWM:

…that line below which the action of the water is frequent enough either to prevent the growth of vegetation or to restrict its growth to predominantly wetland species.

In State ex rel. Sprynczynatyk v. Mills (Reference 8) the ND Supreme Court reinforces that level of importance in defining the OHWM:

…It is co-ordinate with the limit of the bed of water; and that only is to be considered the bed that the water occupies sufficiently long and continuously to wrest it from vegetation, and destroy its value for agricultural purposes…. In some places, however, where the banks are low and flat, the water does not impress any well-defined line of demarcation between the bed and the banks. In such cases, the effect of the water upon vegetation must be the principal test in determining the location of high-water mark as a line between the riparian owner and the public. It is the point up to which the presence of action of the water is so continuous as to destroy the value of the land for agricultural purposes by preventing the growth of vegetation, constituting what may be termed an ordinary agricultural crop.

Much as these two definitions vary to some degree, there are different approaches to using vegetation as an indicator. The most common approach is to identify the transition between predominantly wetland and predominantly non-wetland species. Another approach is to identify the transition between terrestrial vegetation and aquatic vegetation. The standard procedure for identifying the transition zone is to start in the upland area and proceed toward the water noting the vegetation changes. The emphasis is placed on the assemblage of plant species in the plant community and not individual species (Reference 3). Correct identification of vegetation through the use of plant keys and training is essential to OHWM delineations. If a plant species can not be identified in the field, a sample should be collected and identified in the office. If one is unsure of the plant’s indicator status, the Natural Resources Conservation Service Plants Database located at http://plants.usda.gov/wetland.html may provide additional assistance. The plant’s name, stratum, and percent cover should be indicated on the field data sheet provided. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service has published a list of plant species found in wetlands in Region 4, which includes North Dakota (Reference 4), and that list is included in Appendix B. The Corps of Engineers 1987 Wetland Delineation Manual describes a process for using vegetation as a wetland delineator (Reference 3). To evaluate whether

8

a plant community is predominantly wetland, one needs to determine what species are dominant and how many of those species are wetland species. The plant community is characterized by the dominant species comprising each stratum (tree, sapling, shrub, herbaceous, woody vines) in the plant community. In order for these plant species to exist, there must be saturation for a long enough duration for them to become established. Dominance is measured by basal area for trees, by height for shrubs/saplings, by percent cover for herbaceous vegetation, and by number of stems for woody vines (Reference 3). Table 1 provides definitions of the various strata.

Table 1 Definition of Vegetation Strata*

Strata Definition Tree ≥5 in dbh**, >20 ft in height Sapling .4 to <5 in dbh**, >20 ft in height Shrub Woody plants 3 to 20 ft in height, often multi stemmed Herbaceous Grasses, sedges, ferns, forbs and woody seedlings <3 ft in height Woody Vine Vines such as wild grape, etc. *Modified from Reference 3 **dbh is the diameter at breast height which is approximately 4.5 feet from the ground (Reference 6)

The 50/20 rule is the method recommended by the COE (Reference 3) for determining the dominant species in each plant community. This rule states that:

…dominant species in each stratum are the most abundant species (when ranked in descending order of abundance and cumulatively totaled) that immediately exceed 50% of the total dominance measure for that stratum, plus any additional species that individually comprise 20% or more of the total dominance measure for that stratum. The list of dominant species is then combined across strata.

If greater than 50% of the dominant plant species are OBL, FACW, or FAC (excluding FACU) using the 50/20 rule, then the vegetation is predominantly wetland. The 1988 National List of Plant Species that Occur in Wetlands (Reference 4) should be used to determine if the dominant plants are wetland species. The complete list can be found at http://www.fws.gov/nwi/bha/list88.html. The plant indicator status categories are defined in Table 2.

9

Table 2 Plant Indicator Status Categories*

Indicator Categories Indicator Symbol Definition Obligate Wetland Plants OBL Plants that occur almost always (>99%

probability) in wetlands under natural conditions but which may occur (<1% probability) in non-wetlands.

Facultative Wetland Plants FACW Plants that occur usually in wetlands (>67% to 99% probability), but occur in non-wetlands (1% to 33% probability).

Facultative Plants FAC Plants with a similar likelihood (33% to 76% probability) of occurring in both wetlands and non-wetlands.

Facultative Upland Plants FACU Plants that occur sometimes (1% to <33% probability) in wetlands but occur more often (>67% to 99% probability) in non-wetlands.

Obligate Upland Plants UPL Plants that occur rarely (<1% probability) in wetlands but occur almost always >99% probability) in non wetlands under natural conditions.

*Modified from Reference 3 Another approach that may be helpful in some settings is to identify the transition between terrestrial vegetation and aquatic vegetation. This is a different transition generally occurring at a lower elevation, or closer to the water’s edge, than the transition between wetland and non-wetland species. Unlike the work that’s been done to aid in differentiating between wetland and non-wetland plant species, there are no location specific lists of aquatic versus terrestrial plant species typically found in North Dakota, however a delineator trained in botany will be capable of noting the distinction. Wherever both vegetative transitions are apparent, they should both be noted and considered in combination with all the available indicators. It is also important to note that while, by definition, the area below the OHWM consists of predominantly wetland species, non-wetland vegetation, can be present below the OHWM, however it may show signs of stress due to exposure to moving water or root saturation. It may also have been washed away by moving water or unable to establish itself because of saturated conditions. Features such as adventitious roots, shallow root systems, waterlines on tree trunks, multiple trunks, and exposed roots are all indicators that water is, or has been, present there often enough, and for a long enough period of time, to cause morphological changes in the plants (Reference 3) or to remove the soils the plants were established in. Another consideration is that species typically considered wetland species may be found above the OHWM. One example may be the mature cottonwoods on the high bank of the Missouri River which were seeded as a result of inundation during the un-regulated period prior to the construction of Garrison Dam. This is an important example of a situation where the transition between terrestrial and aquatic vegetation may provide

10

additional insight as well as an example of a situation where hydrologic changes, in this case resulting from the construction of Garrison Dam, need to be considered in combination with the identified transition between wetland and non-wetland vegetation. 3.2 Soils Analysis The mark that water leaves on the soil is commonly considered a useful indicator for delineation of an OHWM, but using changes in soil characteristics as an indicator can be complicated and can vary between riverine and lake settings. Soil changes should be used in conjunction with other indicators, such as vegetation and hydrology whenever possible. One of the most easily observable soil characteristics as an indicator is a noticeable change in the appearance of the soil surface. This shift in appearance could be a change in texture or color that is caused by the action of water on the surface that leaves an obvious mark on the soil. A discernable mark on the soil could also be caused by erosion and sediment re-deposition. Water can transport smaller soil particles, such as silt or clay, and can result in finer particles being deposited on the surface below the OHWM; whereas above the OHWM, the surface soil may be a coarser texture. In the case of flowing water, the finer particles may be washed away, leaving behind sand or gravel below the OHWM or exposing cobble or boulder lines. Observations of the soil surface can also reveal where the water action has been. Ripples left in sandy or silty soil are evidence that the soil was once submerged (Reference 9). Looking carefully at the soil for the presence of organic matter can assist in determining if water had been present there for any length of time. Peaty or mucky soils cannot form under dry or well drained conditions, meaning soils with these textures are found below an OHWM. Shelving along banks of water bodies is another subtle indicator of where water levels have been (Reference 9). In places where there is a sharp bank instead of a gradual shoreline, soil will wash out from under itself and leave a small hanging shelf. This is not evident in all soil textures and will not form in places where wave action may knock the hanging shelves loose. These shelves are not easily visible from standing on the bank, so the ability to view the bank from another vantage point may be necessary. An optional technique for using soils is examining the subsurface of the soil using a shovel, auger, or soil pit. This technique should only be used by a delineator who is a Licensed Soil Classifier in the State of North Dakota. A transect of soil pits should be used starting at an obviously upland area and working perpendicular toward the water’s edge (Reference 9). Long term saturation of the soil will result in soil that has a low chroma matrix due to anaerobic conditions (Reference 3). Keep in mind that fill materials or soils that have been disturbed may not display these hydric characteristics. The inundation in a lake setting may be of sufficient duration to result in establishment of

11

hydric characteristics, while the inundation in a riverine setting may not be of sufficient duration to do so. The presence of hydric soils is not a definitive indicator of an OHWM. Rather, it is more the identification of changes resulting from the frequent presence of water that is important. 3.3 Assessment of Other Physical Indicators There are other physical indicators that can be useful in OHWM delineations. A listing of such indicators follows with an accompanying brief discussion. Those indicators listed should not be considered the only possible physical indicators. The delineator should feel free to use any and all physical indicators that may contribute to an accurate delineation.

• Wrack. Debris, and Mud lines Areas containing wrack, debris and mud lines may, in some instances, actually be above the OHWM, as that debris may have been left behind as a result of an unusually high flood event. The use of wrack and debris lines should be closely coordinated with a review of recent streamflow records to determine whether the debris might be the result of an ordinary or extraordinary event (Reference 9).

• Ice Scars Dispersed chunks of ice can scar trees, rock and soil. However, caution should be exercised in using ice scars as an indicator (Reference 13). Much as with wrack and debris lines, ice scars can be located above the OHWM. As with wrack and debris lines, the use of ice scars should be closely coordinated with a review of recent streamflow records in an attempt to determine whether the scars are indicative of an ordinarily or extraordinarily high event.

• Pollen or Algae Staining Algae and pollen can result in stains on rocks, trees, and man-made structures. These stains can be useful in identifying the approximate location of the OHWM. However, splashing and wave action can, in some locations, result in stain lines that are above the OHWM (Reference 13).

• Water Staining Stains left by water can also be a useful indicator. The State of Wisconsin Waterway and Wetland Handbook (Reference 13) indicates three stain lines will generally be evident with a band of gray on the bottom then a lighter band followed by a darker band on top. The OHWM is typically located at the boundary between the lighter color band and the top dark band.

12

3.4 Hydrologic Assessment While vegetation and soils are commonly considered the primary indicators of the OHWM, it is hydrology that drives the water level fluctuations, and the evidence left in the form of vegetation, soils and other physical indicators are simply reflections of that hydrology. In some locations, bank stabilization efforts and the development of landscaped and manicured lawns may have eliminated the presence of other primary vegetative and soil indicators. In those locations, the OHWM delineation may need to be based predominantly on extrapolation from nearby locations where these indicators are available. A hydrologic assessment may be completed to facilitate such an extrapolation. In all instances, the hydrologic assessment is a tool to be used to verify, bracket, or supplement the results obtained through identification and analysis of the other indicators. Hydrology should only be used as a primary indicator when the other indicators are not available or when their use yields inconclusive or conflicting results. The hydrologic approach used may vary between riverine and lake settings. In either case, the extent to which hydrology was considered in the OHWM delineation and the methodology and source of data used should all be thoroughly documented. 3.4.1 Riverine In a riverine setting, the availability of stream flow data should be determined. The United States Geologic Survey operates a national network of stream gaging stations. The data collected at stations in North Dakota is available at http://nd.water.usgs.gov/. This site contains real time streamflow data for select sites and historic data for all sites. The data is also published annually in hard copy data reports (Reference 14). If a stream gage is located within reasonable proximity to the area being delineated, the streamflow record can be reviewed for utility in the delineation process. In a situation where other physical indicators were available for delineation purposes, the streamflow record should be evaluated to determine whether any recent large or extraordinary flood events might have been responsible for wrack or debris lines which do not reflect an ‘ordinary’ high water mark. Typically, however, vegetation indicators would not be significantly influenced by one extraordinary event. Additionally, an available streamflow record could be used to determine a flow that constitutes an ordinarily high event. While limited research has been done to equate statistical hydrology to ordinary high water mark delineations, work completed for the State of Washington suggests that the ordinary high flow is generally equivalent to a 1.0 to 1.75-year recurrence peak flow (Reference 11). If a sufficient period of record is available to fit a frequency distribution to the peak flow data record, efforts should be made to do so in accordance with Bulletin 17B (Reference 2).

13

If the gaging station is immediately adjacent to the site being delineated, the water surface elevation corresponding to the 1.0 to 1.75-year peak flow can be determined from the stage-discharge rating curve for that site. If the gaging station is some distance away, it may be necessary to perform a step-backwater analysis or site specific normal depth analysis to extrapolate the stage corresponding to the ordinary high discharge at the specific site being delineated. In some instances, functioning step-backwater hydraulic models may be available, having been developed for Flood Insurance Studies or other investigations. 3.4.2 Lakes The hydrology of lakes in North Dakota is widely varied. A lake may have a fixed outlet elevation and may naturally spill to a stream or down-gradient lake during wetter periods. In such a case, the OHWM may be at, or slightly above, the outlet elevation. However, in other instances, a lake may be entirely in a closed basin, rarely or never spilling water. Also, some lakes are hydrologically connected to aquifer systems and may simply constitute a window into an aquifer. In other cases, lakes may not interact to any significant extent with a ground water system and may be fed solely by precipitation and runoff. In a lake setting, the likelihood of long term stage data being available is greatly diminished, although some lakes do have records published by the USGS, and those records would be available on the same link as provided for streamflow data (Reference 14). Various hydrologic components can be estimated using data published within the SCS’s Hydrology Manual for North Dakota. Charts are available for estimating the volume of runoff to be expected at least 50 years out of 100 and 80 years out of 100, and the percentage of the annual runoff typically resulting from snow-melt is also available. Average annual precipitation and evaporation from lakes can also be estimated from this manual (Reference 1). With this data, a water balance could be developed. Elevation-area-capacity information may be estimated from available topographic data. In other instances, the North Dakota Game and Fish Department may have used soundings to develop such relationships for lakes with a fishery resource, and that information may be available upon request or may be found at http://www.gf.nd.gov/fishing/lakedata.html (Reference 17). If a lake has a fixed outlet elevation, the runoff and precipitation data available in the Hydrology Manual coupled with elevation-area-capacity data can be used to estimate the anticipated raise in lake level from a typical snow-melt event. In those instances where a more detailed analysis is appropriate, a rainfall/runoff model such as HEC-1 (Reference 15) or HEC-HMS (Reference 16) may be used to quantify the runoff and affect on lake levels resulting from a 1.0 to 1.75-year precipitation or snow-melt event. The extent to which hydrology was considered in the delineation and the methodology and source of data used should be thoroughly documented.

14

3.5 Other Considerations In addition to the use of the specific indicators described above and the required documentation discussed in the following section, there are other considerations that should be taken into account in an OHWM delineation process. One such consideration is the statewide variability across the various eco-regions of North Dakota. Clearly, the Red River valley of eastern North Dakota is a vastly different geologic setting than the prairie-pothole region of the Missouri Coteau in the central portion of the state and the badlands of the Little Missouri River watershed in the west. This variability in geologic and morphologic setting will also be apparent, to some degree, in the types of indicators available for OHWM delineations. The wetland vegetative communities that may be prevalent in the east may be replaced by completely different communities in the west. While no specific vegetation species sub-lists have been developed for the various eco-regions in the state, the delineator needs to keep this variability in mind. Soil types will similarly vary widely between the eastern, central and western parts of the state, based on the parent material from which it was formed. Other physical indicators may exhibit similar variability between the low gradient prairie streams of the east and the higher gradient streams of the Missouri River system. The variability in geographic scale between various river systems is another important consideration. The lower James River and the Red River of the North are both streams that the courts have determined to be navigable. Yet, these streams vary greatly in scale and morphologic characteristics from larger river systems like the Missouri and the Yellowstone. The stage on the Missouri River at Bismarck typically varies about eight feet on an annual basis. Because of the width of this large river and the preponderance of various sandbars and islands, the OHWM may actually be located several hundred yards from the apparent stream bank at the time of the delineation. Thus, the delineator needs to take a ‘wider angle view’ when completing delineations on these large systems compared to other navigable streams within the state. The example photos in Appendix C illustrate the geographic variability. On rivers like the Missouri and Yellowstone, the stream may be split or braided. The delineator needs to recognize that the significant variability in flow for some of these larger western streams probably results in a situation where the various braids are united in one much larger channel when the river is ordinarily high. Thus it would be appropriate to search for an OHWM outside of all the various braids rather than looking for an OHWM between each braided channel. Photo #21 in Appendix C illustrates an example of a braided channel. Islands are another important consideration. Islands may or may not be sovereign land depending on when they were formed and the manner in which they formed. Regardless of whether or not they are sovereign land, there may be areas within an island that have risen above the OHWM of the river. Depending on the purpose and scope of the

15

delineation, the delineator may need to examine island areas for indicators of an OHWM. Photos #2 and #21 in Appendix C illustrate an example of an island. Another important clue as to the location of the OHWM stems from the ND Supreme Court language indicating that the value of land below the OHWM will have been destroyed for agricultural purposes by the frequent inundation. The delineator should evaluate whether the area is suitable for use in growing ordinary agricultural crops. In some areas of the state, where agricultural property values are relatively high, the area would likely already be cultivated if it were suitable. The delineator also needs to be cognizant of the fact that the OHWM is an ambulatory line; it moves over time with changes in climatic conditions. These changes typically occur over long periods of time. Changes may occur in limited areas from year to year, but such short term changes are not common. The ND Supreme Court has also recognized that the OHWM may move in response to man-made changes such as the construction and operation of dams. The density of delineation points or transects required is another important consideration. Obviously, if the OHWM is to be determined for only a specific lot or other smaller tract of land, a single transect will likely be sufficient. If the OHWM is being delineated for a reach of river, several transects may be required, as the location and elevation of the OHWM will likely vary along that reach. If the OHWM is being delineated for a lake, multiple points should be evaluated, but the OHWM should be represented by a single elevation for the entire lake. It is possible that different indicators may be present in different locations, and consideration of these additional indicators will be beneficial to the delineation process. The density of transects or points required to complete a specific delineation will, in most instances, be left to the professional judgment of the delineator, but it is a component of the project that should be carefully considered prior to initiating field work, and, in the case of delineations completed by a contractor, should be discussed as part of the project scoping process. 3.6 Documentation All of the data, analyses, and judgment used to complete a delineation should be carefully and thoroughly documented. The data form included in Appendix A should be completed for all of the indicators used in the delineation. Several areas are provided on the form for explanatory notations. Again, the Office of the State Engineer will only recognize delineations conducted by qualified staff members or by other qualified professionals hired or approved by the State Engineer. All background data supporting the delineation should accompany the data form. This should include a topographic or photographic map clearly illustrating the general area of the delineation as well as the resulting location of the OHWM. Any survey or GPS data collected to locate the OHWM should also be provided in either digital or hard copy format. Any hydrologic data used in the delineation should be provided along with the source of the data and any resulting analyses.

16

Photographs illustrating the indicators should be provided whenever possible. This may include photographs of vegetation, soil, and other physical indicators, as well as photographs illustrating the results of the delineation. If the area provided on the form for explanatory notes is inadequate or the area being delineated is substantial, narrative explanation in addition to what can be included on the form should be provided. This could simply be in the form of an explanatory letter, technical memorandum, or, in the case of a very large delineation, a bound report may be appropriate.

17

4.0 List of References

1. United States Soil Conservation Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Hydrology Manual for North Dakota, Revised 1980.

2. Water Resources Council, Bulletin 17B, Guidelines for Determining Flood Flow

Frequency, Revised September 1981 and March 1982.

3. U.S. Army Corp of Engineers, Corps of Engineers Wetlands Delineation Manual, Wetlands Research Program Technical Report Y-87-1 (online edition), January 1987. Available at: http://www.wetlands.com/regs/tlpge02e.htm

4. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National List of Plant Species that Occur in

Wetlands (online edition), 1988. Available at: http://www.fws.gov/nwi/bha/list88.html

5. United States Geological Survey, Water Resources Investigations Report 92-

4020, Techniques for Estimating Peak Flow Frequency Relations, 1992.

6. Minnesota Department of Natural Resources Waters, Guidelines for Ordinary High Water Level (OHWL) Determinations, June, 1993.

7. North Dakota State Engineer, Sovereign Land Management Statutes and Rules,

February, 1997. 8. State ex rel. Sprynczynatyk v. Mills, 1999 ND 75, 13, 592 N.W. 2d 591.

9. Harris County Flood Control District, Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation

Manual for Section 404 Waters, October, 2005.

10. North Dakota State Water Commission, North Dakota Water Laws, 2005.

11. Washington Department of Ecology, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Methods for Delineation of Ordinary High Water Lines (OHWL) and Ordinary High Water Marks (OHWM) for Natural Resources Plans and Permits, Draft Copy, June, 2006.

12. North Dakota State Engineer, North Dakota Sovereign Land Management Plan,

2007.

13. State of Wisconsin, Waterway and Wetland Handbook, Chapter 40, Ordinary High Water Mark.

18

14. United States Geological Survey, Water Resource Data Reports, Available at: http://nd.water.usgs.gov/.

15. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Engineering Center, Computer

Program, HEC-1. 16. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Hydrologic Modeling System, Computer

Program, HEC-HMS. 17. North Dakota Game and Fish Department, Lake Contour Maps, http://www.gf.nd.gov/fishing/lakedata.html.

APPENDIX A

Delineation Data Form

ORDINARY HIGH WATER MARK DELINEATION

DATA FORM

GENERAL Date: Map provided? ______Yes ______ No Delineator(s): Riparian Landowner:

Water Body: Transect:

Legal Description: County:

Notes:

VEGETATION BELOW OHWM ABOVE OHWM

Dominant Plant Species % Cover Indicator Stratum Dominant Plant Species % Cover Indicator Stratum

% of dominant species that are OBL, FACW, and/or FAC?

% of dominant species that are OBL, FACW, and/or FAC?

Evidence of vegetation stress: Destruction of terrestrial vegetation:

Notes:

SOILS Change in appearance of soil surface: Evidence of sediment deposition:

Evidence of shelving along bank: Organic matter present on surface:

Evidence of rippling effect: Evidence of erosion:

Section below is optional and for use ONLY if delineator is a Licensed Soil Classifier in the State of North Dakota BELOW OHWM ABOVE OHWM

Depth Texture Matrix Color Mottles Depth Texture Matrix Color Mottles

Hydric Soils Present?

Hydric Soils Present?

Notes:

HYDROLOGY

STREAM LAKE USGS Gaging Station: Watershed Yield 80yr/100yr: 50yr/100yr:

1-yr Flood elevation: Outlet Elevation:

2-yr Flood elevation: Surface Area:

Recent Atypical Flood Event? Evaporative Loss:

Average Annual Precipitation: Notes:

OTHER PHYSICAL INDICATORS Ice scars:

Pollen or algae staining:

Water stain:

Wrack:

Describe other: Notes:

RESULTS Elevation of OHWM:

Elevation Determined By: Field Survey Remote GPS Notes:

Note to Users: Delineation forms should be completed by State Engineer designated delineators or Office of the State Engineer staff. It is important that the delineation be documented to the maximum extent possible. Please complete this form providing as much of the data requested as possible. Additional insight as to the methodologies and expectations are provided in the Ordinary High Water Mark Delineation Guidelines. This form should be forwarded along with all supporting documentation, including any pertinent maps and photos to: The Office of the State Engineer, 900 East Boulevard, Bismarck, ND 58505-0850.

APPENDIX B

Region 4 Wetland Vegetation Species

REG

ION

4 L

IST

OF

PLA

NT

S TH

AT

OC

CU

R IN

WE

TLA

ND

S R

EGIO

N 4

LIS

T O

F PL

AN

TS

THA

T O

CC

UR

IN W

ET

LAN

DS

Scie

ntifi

c N

ame

Com

mon

Nam

e N

atio

nal R

ange

O

f Ind

icat

ors

Reg

iona

l In

dica

tor

Scie

ntifi

c N

ame

Com

mon

Nam

e N

atio

nal R

ange

O

f Ind

icat

ors

Reg

iona

l In

dica

tor

Abu

tilon

theo

phra

sti

VEL

VET

-LEA

F U

PL,F

ACU

- U

PL

Am

aran

thus

retro

flexu

s A

MA

RAN

TH,R

ED-R

OO

T FA

CU-,F

AC-

FA

CU

Aca

lyph

a rh

ombo

idea

CO

PPER

-LEA

F,CO

MM

ON

U

PL,F

AC-

FA

CU-

Am

aran

thus

rudi

s A

MA

RAN

TH,T

ALL

FA

CU-,F

ACW

FA

C A

caly

pha

virg

inic

a M

ERCU

RY,T

HRE

E-SE

EDED

U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU-

Am

aran

thus

tube

rcul

atus

A

MA

RAN

TH,R

OU

GH

-FRU

IT

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Ace

r gla

brum

M

APL

E,RO

CKY

MO

UN

TAIN

FA

CU,F

AC

FAC

Am

bros

ia a

rtem

isiifo

lia

RAG

WEE

D,A

NN

UA

L FA

CU-,F

ACU

+ FA

CU

Ace

r neg

undo

BO

X-E

LDER

FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Am

bros

ia p

silos

tach

ya

RAG

WEE

D,N

AK

ED-S

PIK

E FA

CU-,F

AC

FAC

Ace

r sac

char

inum

M

APL

E,SI

LVER

FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

A

mbr

osia

trifi

da

RAG

WEE

D,G

REA

T FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Ace

r sac

char

um

MA

PLE,

SUG

AR

UPL

,FA

CU

FACU

A

mel

anch

ier a

lnifo

lia

SERV

ICE-

BERR

Y,S

ASK

ATO

ON

U

PL,F

AC-

FA

CU

Ach

illea

mill

efol

ium

Y

ARR

OW

,CO

MM

ON

FA

CU

FACU

A

mm

anni

a au

ricul

ata

AM

MA

NN

IA,R

ED-S

TEM

O

BL

OBL

A

coni

tum

colu

mbi

anum

M

ON

KSH

OO

D,C

OLU

MBI

A

FACW

FA

CW

Am

man

nia

cocc

inea

A

MM

AN

NIA

,PU

RPLE

FA

CW+,

OBL

O

BL

Aco

rus c

alam

us

SWEE

TFLA

G

OBL

O

BL

Am

orph

a fru

ticos

a IN

DIG

O-B

USH

,FA

LSE

FAC,

OBL

FA

CW

Adi

antu

m c

apill

us-v

ener

is FE

RN,S

OU

THER

N M

AID

EN-H

AIR

FA

CU,F

ACW

+ FA

CW

Am

orph

a na

na

IND

IGO

-BU

SH,F

RAG

RAN

T FA

CU?

NI

Adi

antu

m p

edat

um

FERN

,NO

RTH

ERN

MA

IDEN

-HA

IR

FACU

,FA

C FA

C A

mph

icar

paea

bra

ctea

ta

HO

G-P

EAN

UT,

AM

ERIC

AN

FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

CU

Ado

xa m

osch

atel

lina

MU

SK-R

OO

T FA

CU,F

AC

FAC

Ana

galli

s arv

ensis

PI

MPE

RNEL

,SCA

RLET

U

PL,F

AC

W-

NI

Aes

culu

s gla

bra

BUCK

EYE,

OH

IO

FACU

,FA

C+

NI

And

ropo

gon

gera

rdii

BLU

ESTE

M,B

IG

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Aga

linis

aspe

ra

FALS

E-FO

XG

LOV

E,RO

UG

H P

URP

LE

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

And

rosa

ce o

ccid

enta

lis

ROCK

-JA

SMIN

E,W

ESTE

RN

FACU

-,FA

CU

FACU

A

galin

is te

nuifo

lia

FALS

E-FO

XG

LOV

E,SL

END

ER

FACU

,FA

CW

FACW

A

ndro

sace

sept

entri

onal

is RO

CK-J

ASM

INE,

PYG

MY

-FLO

WER

U

PL,F

AC-

FA

CU+

Aga

stach

e ne

peto

ides

G

IAN

T-H

YSS

OP,

YEL

LOW

FA

CU,F

AC

FAC

Ane

mon

e ca

nade

nsis

THIM

BLE-

WEE

D,C

AN

AD

A

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Age

ratin

a al

tissim

a SN

AK

ERO

OT,

WH

ITE

UPL

,FA

C FA

C A

nem

one

quin

quef

olia

TH

IMBL

E-W

EED

,AM

ERIC

AN

W

OO

DLA

ND

FA

CU,F

AC

NI

Ago

seris

gla

uca

FALS

E-D

AN

DEL

ION

,PA

LE

FACU

,FA

C FA

C A

nem

one

virg

inia

na

THIM

BLE-

WEE

D,T

ALL

N

I N

I A

grim

onia

gry

pose

pala

G

ROO

VEB

UR

,TA

LL H

AIR

Y

FACU

,FA

CW-

FAC

Ant

hem

is co

tula

M

AY

WEE

D

UPL

,FA

CU+

FACU

A

grim

onia

par

viflo

ra

GRO

OV

EBU

R,S

MA

LL-F

LOW

ER

FAC,

FACW

FA

C A

pios

am

eric

ana

POTA

TO-B

EAN

,AM

ERIC

AN

FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

A

grim

onia

stria

ta

GRO

OV

EBU

R,W

OO

DLA

ND

FA

CU-,F

AC

FACU

A

pocy

num

can

nabi

num

D

OG

BAN

E,CL

ASP

ING

-LEA

F FA

CU,F

AC+

FA

C A

groh

orde

um x

mac

ouni

i W

ILD

RYE,

MA

COU

N

FACU

,FA

C FA

C A

pocy

num

sibi

ricum

D

OG

BAN

E,PR

AIR

IE

FAC-

,FA

C+

FAC

Agr

opyr

on c

anin

um

WH

EATG

RASS

,CU

TTIN

G

FACU

,FA

C FA

C A

quile

gia

cana

dens

is CO

LUM

BIN

E,W

ILD

FA

C-,F

AC

W

FAC

Agr

opyr

on d

asys

tach

yum

W

HEA

TGRA

SS,T

HIC

K-S

PIK

E U

PL,F

AC

FAC

Ara

bis d

ivar

icar

pa

ROCK

CRE

SS,L

IMES

TON

E FA

CU

FACU

A

grop

yron

repe

ns

QU

ACK

GRA

SS

UPL

,FA

C FA

C A

rabi

s dru

mm

ondi

i RO

CKC

RESS

,DRU

MM

ON

D'S

FA

CU

FACU

A

grop

yron

smith

ii W

HEA

TGRA

SS,W

ESTE

RN

UPL

,FA

C-

FACU

A

rabi

s hirs

uta

ROCK

CRE

SS,H

AIR

Y

FACU

FA

CU

Agr

opyr

on sp

icat

um

WH

EATG

RASS

,BLU

E-BU

NC

H

UPL

,FA

CU

FACU

- A

rabi

s hol

boel

lii

ROCK

CRE

SS,H

OLB

OEL

L'S

UPL

,FA

CU

FACU

A

grop

yron

trac

hyca

ulum

W

HEA

TGRA

SS,S

LEN

DER

FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

A

ralia

nud

icau

lis

SARS

APA

RILL

A,W

ILD

FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

A

gros

tis a

lba

RED

TOP

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW

Arc

tosta

phyl

os u

va-u

rsi

BEA

RBER

RY

UPL

,FA

CU

FACU

- A

gros

tis e

xara

ta

BEN

TGRA

SS,S

PIK

E FA

CW

FACW

A

rena

ria se

rpyl

lifol

ia

SAN

DW

ORT

,TH

YM

E-LE

AF

FACU

,FA

C FA

C A

gros

tis g

igan

tea

BEN

TGRA

SS,B

LACK

FA

C?

NI

Aris

aem

a tri

phyl

lum

JA

CK-I

N-T

HE-

PULP

IT,S

WA

MP

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Agr

ostis

hye

mal

is BE

NTG

RASS

,WIN

TER

FACU

,FA

CW

FACW

A

ristid

a di

chot

oma

GRA

SS,S

HIN

NER

S' T

HRE

E-A

WN

U

PL,F

ACU

N

I A

gros

tis p

eren

nans

BE

NTG

RASS

,PER

ENN

IAL

FACU

,FA

CW

FACW

A

ristid

a lo

nges

pica

G

RASS

,SLI

M-S

PIK

E TH

REE-

AW

N

UPL

,FA

CU

NI

Agr

ostis

scab

ra

BEN

TGRA

SS,R

OU

GH

FA

C,FA

C+

FAC

Arm

orac

ia ru

stica

na

HO

RSER

AD

ISH

FA

C N

I A

gros

tis st

olon

ifera

BE

NTG

RASS

,SPR

EAD

ING

FA

C+,F

AC

W

FAC+

A

rnog

loss

um p

lant

agin

eum

IN

DIA

N-P

LAN

TAIN

,GRO

OV

E-ST

EM

FACU

,FA

CW

NI

Alis

ma

gram

ineu

m

WA

TER-

PLA

NTA

IN,N

ARR

OW

-LEA

F O

BL

OBL

A

rrhe

nath

erum

ela

tius

OA

TGRA

SS,T

ALL

U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU

Alis

ma

plan

tago

-aqu

atic

a W

ATE

R-PL

AN

TAIN

,BRO

AD

-LEA

F O

BL

OBL

A

rtem

isia

annu

a W

ORM

WO

OD

,AN

NU

AL

UPL

,FA

CU

NI

Alis

ma

subc

orda

tum

W

ATE

R-PL

AN

TAIN

,SU

BCO

RDA

TE

OBL

O

BL

Arte

misi

a bi

enni

s W

ORM

WO

OD

,BIE

NN

IAL

FACU

-,FA

CW

FAC

Alli

aria

pet

iola

ta

MU

STA

RD,G

ARL

IC

FACU

-,FA

CW

FACU

A

rtem

isia

cana

SA

GEB

RUSH

,SIL

VER

FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

CU

Alli

um c

anad

ense

O

NIO

N,M

EAD

OW

FA

CU-,F

ACU

FA

CU

Arte

misi

a lu

dovi

cian

a SA

GEB

RUSH

,WH

ITE

UPL

,FA

CU

FACU

A

llium

gey

eri

ON

ION

,GEY

ER

FACU

FA

CU

Asc

lepi

as in

carn

ata

MIL

KW

EED

,SW

AM

P FA

CW+,

OBL

O

BL

Alli

um tr

icoc

cum

LE

EK,S

MA

LL W

HIT

E FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

A

scle

pias

spec

iosa

M

ILK

WEE

D,S

HO

WY

FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Aln

us in

cana

A

LDER

,SPE

CKLE

D

FACU

,FA

CW

FACW

A

scle

pias

subv

ertic

illat

a M

ILK

WEE

D,W

ESTE

RN W

HO

RLED

U

PL,F

ACU

N

I A

lnus

rugo

sa

ALD

ER,S

PECK

LED

FA

C,O

BL

FACW

A

spar

agus

offi

cina

lis

ASP

ARA

GU

S-FE

RN,G

ARD

EN

FACU

-,FA

CU

FACU

Alo

pecu

rus a

equa

lis

FOX

TAIL

,SH

ORT

-AW

N

OBL

O

BL

Asp

leni

um tr

icho

man

es-

ram

osum

SP

LEEN

WO

RT,G

REEN

U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU

Alo

pecu

rus a

rund

inac

eus

FOX

TAIL

,CRE

EPIN

G

FACW

? N

I A

ster b

rach

yact

is A

STER

,RA

YLE

SS A

LKA

LI

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Alo

pecu

rus c

arol

inia

nus

FOX

TAIL

,TU

FTED

FA

C+,F

AC

W

FACW

A

ster c

hile

nsis

AST

ER,C

OM

MO

N C

ALI

FORN

IA

FACU

,FA

CW-

NI

Alo

pecu

rus g

enic

ulat

us

FOX

TAIL

,MEA

DO

W

FACW

+,O

BL

OBL

A

ster e

aton

ii A

STER

,EA

TON

FA

C,FA

C+

NI

Alo

pecu

rus p

rate

nsis

FOX

TAIL

,MEA

DO

W

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Aste

r eric

oide

s A

STER

,WH

ITE

HEA

TH

UPL

,FA

CU

FACU

A

lthae

a of

ficin

alis

MA

RSH

-MA

LLO

W,C

OM

MO

N

FACW

+ N

I A

ster f

alca

tus

AST

ER,W

HIT

E PR

AIR

IE

FACU

-,FA

C FA

CU

Am

aran

thus

alb

us

AM

ARA

NTH

,WH

ITE

FACU

-,FA

CU

FACU

A

ster h

espe

rius

AST

ER,S

ISK

IYO

U

OBL

O

BL

Am

aran

thus

are

nico

la

AM

ARA

NTH

,SA

ND

HIL

LS

UPL

,FA

C FA

CU

Aste

r jun

cifo

rmis

AST

ER,R

USH

O

BL

OBL

A

mar

anth

us b

litoi

des

AM

ARA

NTH

,PR

OST

RATE

FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

C A

ster l

ater

iflor

us

AST

ER,C

ALI

CO

FAC,

FACW

+ FA

CW

R

EGIO

N 4

LIS

T O

F PL

AN

TS

THA

T O

CC

UR

IN W

ET

LAN

DS

REG

ION

4 L

IST

OF

PLA

NT

S TH

AT

OC

CU

R IN

WE

TLA

ND

S Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l R

ange

O

f Ind

icat

ors

Reg

iona

l In

dica

tor

Scie

ntifi

c N

ame

Com

mon

Nam

e N

atio

nal

Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s

Reg

iona

l In

dica

tor

Aste

r luc

idul

us

AST

ER,S

HIN

ING

FA

CW,F

AC

W+

FACW

Bo

trych

ium

mul

tifid

um

GRA

PEFE

RN,L

EATH

ERY

FA

CU,F

AC

FAC

Aste

r nov

ae-a

nglia

e A

STER

,NEW

EN

GLA

ND

FA

CW-,F

AC

W

FACW

Bo

trych

ium

sim

plex

G

RAPE

FERN

,LEA

ST

FACU

,FA

C FA

C A

ster o

ntar

ioni

s A

STER

,ON

TARI

O

FAC

FAC

Botry

chiu

m v

irgin

ianu

m

FERN

,RA

TTLE

SNA

KE

FACU

FA

CU

Aste

r pan

sus

AST

ER,M

AN

Y-F

LOW

ERED

FA

CU,F

AC+

FA

C Br

asen

ia sc

hreb

eri

WA

TERS

HIE

LD

OBL

O

BL

Aste

r pau

ciflo

rus

AST

ER,A

LKA

LI M

ARS

H

FACW

FA

CW

Brom

us c

iliat

us

BRO

ME,

FRIN

GED

FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

C A

ster p

ilosu

s A

STER

,WH

ITE

HEA

TH

UPL

,FA

C-

UPL

Br

omus

japo

nicu

s BR

OM

E,JA

PAN

ESE

UPL

,FA

CU

FACU

A

ster p

unic

eus

AST

ER,S

WA

MP

OBL

O

BL

Brom

us k

alm

ii BR

OM

E,K

ALM

'S

FACU

-,FA

C FA

CU+

Aste

r sib

iricu

s A

STER

,SIB

ERIA

N

FAC

NI

Brom

us la

tiglu

mis

BRO

ME,

EARL

EAF

FACW

-,FA

CW

+ FA

CW

Aste

r sim

plex

A

STER

,PA

NIC

LED

FA

CW

FACW

Br

omus

mol

lis

BRO

ME,

SOFT

U

PL,F

ACU

- U

PL

Aste

r tra

desc

anti

AST

ER,T

RAD

ESCA

NT

FAC+

,FA

CW

FA

CW

Brom

us p

urga

ns

BRO

ME,

CA

NA

DA

FA

CU,F

ACU

+ FA

CU

Aste

r um

bella

tus

AST

ER,F

LAT-

TOP

WH

ITE

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW+

Buch

loe

dact

yloi

des

GRA

SS,B

UFF

ALO

FA

CU-,F

ACU

FA

CU-

Aste

r x la

nceo

latu

s A

STER

,WH

ITE

PAN

ICLE

N

I N

I Bu

lbos

tylis

cap

illar

is H

AIR

SED

GE,

DEN

SE-T

UFT

FA

CU,F

AC

NI

Astr

agal

us a

gres

tis

MIL

KV

ETCH

,FIE

LD

FACU

,FA

CW-

FACU

Bu

tom

us u

mbe

llatu

s FL

OW

ERIN

G-R

USH

O

BL

OBL

A

strag

alus

alp

inus

M

ILK

VET

CH,A

LPIN

E FA

CU,F

AC

FAC

Cala

mag

rosti

s can

aden

sis

REED

GRA

SS,B

LUE-

JOIN

T FA

C,O

BL

FACW

+ A

strag

alus

am

eric

anus

M

ILK

VET

CH,A

MER

ICA

N

FAC

FAC

Cala

mag

rosti

s epi

geio

s RE

EDG

RASS

,CH

EE

FAC

NI

Astr

agal

us b

odin

ii M

ILK

VET

CH,B

OD

IN'S

FA

CU-,F

ACW

- N

I Ca

lam

agro

stis i

nexp

ansa

SM

ALL

-REE

DG

RASS

,NA

RRO

W-S

PIK

E FA

CW,F

AC

W+

FACW

A

strag

alus

can

aden

sis

MIL

KV

ETCH

,CA

NA

DA

FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

CU

Cala

mag

rosti

s neg

lect

a RE

EDG

RASS

,SLI

MST

EM

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Astr

agal

us n

egle

ctus

M

ILK

VET

CH,C

OO

PER'

S U

PL,F

ACU

U

PL

Calla

pal

ustri

s CA

LLA

,WIL

D

OBL

O

BL

Ath

yriu

m fi

lix-f

emin

a FE

RN,S

UBA

RCT

IC L

AD

Y

FAC,

FAC+

FA

C Ca

llitri

che

herm

aphr

oditi

ca

WA

TER-

STA

RWO

RT,A

UTU

MN

AL

OBL

O

BL

Atri

plex

arg

ente

a SA

LTBU

SH,S

ILV

ER-S

CALE

FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

Ca

llitri

che

hete

roph

ylla

W

ATE

R-ST

ARW

ORT

,LA

RGER

O

BL

OBL

A

tripl

ex c

anes

cens

SA

LTBU

SH,F

OU

R-W

ING

U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU-

Calli

trich

e ve

rna

WA

TER-

STA

RWO

RT,S

PIN

Y

OBL

O

BL

Atri

plex

falc

ata

SALT

BUSH

,SIC

KLE

U

PL,F

AC

W

NI

Calth

a pa

lustr

is M

ARS

H-M

ARI

GO

LD,C

OM

MO

N

OBL

O

BL

Atri

plex

hor

tens

is O

RACH

E,G

ARD

EN

UPL

,FA

CW

FA

C Ca

lyps

o bu

lbos

a SL

IPPE

R,FA

IRY

FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

CW

Atri

plex

pat

ula

SALT

BUSH

,HA

LBER

D-L

EAF

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Caly

stegi

a se

pium

BI

ND

WEE

D,H

EDG

E FA

CU,O

BL

FAC

Atri

plex

rose

a O

RACH

E,TU

MBL

ING

FA

CU-,F

ACU

+ FA

CU

Cam

elin

a sa

tiva

FALS

E-FL

AX

,LA

RGE-

SEED

U

PL,F

AC

FACU

Ba

copa

rotu

ndifo

lia

WA

TER-

HY

SSO

P,D

ISK

O

BL

OBL

Ca

mpa

nula

am

eric

ana

BELL

FLO

WER

,AM

ERIC

AN

FA

C FA

C Ba

rbar

ea o

rthoc

eras

W

INTE

R-CR

ESS,

AM

ERIC

AN

FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Ca

mpa

nula

apa

rinoi

des

BELL

FLO

WER

,MA

RSH

O

BL

OBL

Ba

rbar

ea v

ulga

ris

ROCK

ET,Y

ELLO

W

FACU

,FA

CW

FAC

Cam

panu

la ro

tund

ifolia

BE

LLFL

OW

ER,S

COTC

H

UPL

,FA

C FA

C Ba

ssia

hys

sopi

folia

SM

OTH

ER-W

EED

,FIV

E-H

ORN

FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

Ca

mps

is ra

dica

ns

TRU

MPE

T-CR

EEPE

R FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

Be

ckm

anni

a er

ucifo

rmis

GRA

SS,B

ECK

MA

NN

'S

OBL

N

I Ca

nnab

is sa

tiva

MA

RIJU

AN

A

FACU

-,FA

C FA

C-

Beck

man

nia

syzi

gach

ne

SLO

UG

HG

RASS

,AM

ERIC

AN

O

BL

OBL

Ca

psel

la b

ursa

-pas

toris

PU

RSE,

COM

MO

N S

HEP

HER

D'S

FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

Be

rber

is th

unbe

rgii

BARB

ERRY

,JAPA

NES

E U

PL,F

ACU

U

PL

Card

amin

e bu

lbos

a BI

TTER

-CRE

SS,B

ULB

OU

S O

BL

OBL

Be

rber

is vu

lgar

is BA

RBER

RY,E

URO

PEA

N

UPL

,FA

CU

UPL

Ca

rdam

ine

conc

aten

ata

TOO

THW

ORT

,CU

T-LE

AF

FACU

FA

CU

Berg

ia te

xana

BE

RGIA

,TEX

AS

OBL

O

BL

Card

amin

e pe

nsyl

vani

ca

BITT

ER-C

RESS

,PEN

NSY

LVA

NIA

FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Be

rula

ere

cta

PARS

NIP

,CU

T-LE

AF

WA

TER

OBL

O

BL

Care

x ae

nae

SED

GE,

BRO

NZE

FA

CW?

NI

Betu

la a

lba

BIRC

H,W

HIT

E FA

CU,F

AC+

N

I Ca

rex

alop

ecoi

dea

SED

GE,

FOX

TAIL

FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Be

tula

gla

ndul

osa

BIRC

H,T

UN

DRA

DW

AR

F FA

C,O

BL

OBL

Ca

rex

amph

ibol

a SE

DG

E,N

ARR

OW

-LEA

F FA

C,O

BL

FAC+

Be

tula

occ

iden

talis

BI

RCH

,SPR

ING

FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

Ca

rex

aqua

tilis

SED

GE,

WA

TER

OBL

O

BL

Betu

la p

apyr

ifera

BI

RCH

,PA

PER

FACU

,FA

CU+

FACU

Ca

rex

athe

rode

s SE

DG

E,SL

OU

GH

O

BL

OBL

Be

tula

pum

ila

BIRC

H,B

OG

O

BL

OBL

Ca

rex

athr

osta

chya

SE

DG

E,SL

END

ER-B

EAK

FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

Be

tula

x sa

ndbe

rgii

BIRC

H,S

AN

DBE

RG'S

O

BL

OBL

Ca

rex

aure

a SE

DG

E,G

OLD

EN-F

RUIT

FA

CW,O

BL

FACW

Bi

dens

cer

nua

BEG

GA

R-TI

CKS,

NO

DD

ING

FA

CW+,

OBL

O

BL

Care

x be

bbii

SED

GE,

BEBB

'S

OBL

O

BL

Bide

ns c

omos

a BE

GG

AR-

TICK

S,LE

AFY

-BRA

CT

FACW

FA

CW

Care

x be

lla

SED

GE,

SHO

WY

FA

CU,F

AC-

FA

C-

Bide

ns c

onna

ta

BEG

GA

R-TI

CKS,

PURP

LE-S

TEM

FA

CW+,

OBL

FA

CW+

Care

x bi

ckne

llii

SED

GE,

BICK

NEL

L'S

FACU

,FA

CW

FACW

Bi

dens

cor

onat

a BE

GG

AR-

TICK

S,LA

RG

E-FR

UIT

O

BL

OBL

Ca

rex

blan

da

SED

GE,

WO

OD

LAN

D

FACU

+,FA

C FA

CU+

Bide

ns fr

ondo

sa

BEG

GA

R-TI

CKS,

DEV

IL'S

FA

CW,F

AC

W+

FACW

Ca

rex

brev

ior

SED

GE,

SHO

RT-B

EAK

U

PL,O

BL

FACU

Bi

dens

trip

artit

a BE

GG

AR-

TICK

S,TH

REE-

LOBE

FA

CW,O

BL

NI

Care

x br

unne

scen

s SE

DG

E,BR

OW

NIS

H

FAC,

OBL

FA

C Bo

ehm

eria

cyl

indr

ica

FALS

E-N

ETTL

E,SM

ALL

-SPI

KE

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Care

x bu

xbau

mii

SED

GE,

BRO

WN

BO

G

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Boisd

uval

ia g

labe

lla

SPIK

E-PR

IMRO

SE,S

MO

OTH

FA

CW,O

BL

FACW

Ca

rex

cane

scen

s SE

DG

E,H

OA

RY

FACW

+,O

BL

OBL

Bo

ltoni

a as

tero

ides

BO

LTO

NIA

,WH

ITE

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW

Care

x ca

pilla

ris

SED

GE,

HA

IR-L

IKE

FACW

FA

CW

Botry

chiu

m lu

naria

M

OO

NW

ORT

FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Care

x ch

ordo

rrhiz

a SE

DG

E,CR

EEPI

NG

O

BL

NI

Botry

chiu

m m

atric

ariif

oliu

m

MO

ON

WO

RT,D

AIS

Y-L

EAF

FACU

FA

CU

Care

x co

mos

a SE

DG

E,BE

ARD

ED

OBL

O

BL

R

EGIO

N 4

LIS

T O

F PL

AN

TS

THA

T O

CC

UR

IN W

ET

LAN

DS

REG

ION

4 L

IST

OF

PLA

NT

S TH

AT

OC

CU

R IN

WE

TLA

ND

S Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s R

egio

nal

Indi

cato

r Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s R

egio

nal

Indi

cato

r Ca

rex

conc

inna

SE

DG

E,LO

W N

ORT

HER

N

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Care

x str

icta

SE

DG

E,U

PTIG

HT

OBL

O

BL

Care

x co

njun

cta

SED

GE,

SOFT

FO

X

FAC,

FACW

FA

C+

Care

x sy

chno

ceph

ala

SED

GE,

MA

NY

-HEA

D

FACW

,FA

CW

+ FA

CW

Care

x cr

awei

SE

DG

E,CR

AW

E'S

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW

Care

x te

nera

SE

DG

E,SL

END

ER

FACU

+,FA

CW

FA

CW

Care

x cr

istat

ella

SE

DG

E,CR

ESTE

D

FAC,

FACW

+ FA

CW

Care

x te

tani

ca

SED

GE,

RIG

ID

FACW

,FA

CW

+ FA

CW

Care

x da

visii

SE

DG

E,D

AV

IS'

FACU

,FA

C+

FAC

Care

x to

rrey

i SE

DG

E,TO

RREY

'S

UPL

,FA

C U

PL

Care

x de

wey

ana

SED

GE,

SHO

RT-S

CALE

U

PL,F

AC

W

FACU

Ca

rex

vesic

aria

SE

DG

E,IN

FLA

TED

O

BL

OBL

Ca

rex

dian

dra

SED

GE,

LESS

ER P

AN

ICLE

D

OBL

O

BL

Care

x vi

ridul

a SE

DG

E,LI

TTLE

GRE

EN

FACW

+,O

BL

OBL

Ca

rex

disp

erm

a SE

DG

E,SO

FT-L

EAF

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW

Care

x vu

lpin

oide

a SE

DG

E,FO

X

OBL

O

BL

Care

x do

ugla

sii

SED

GE,

DO

UG

LAS'

FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

Ca

rex

x m

oles

ta

SED

GE,

TRO

UBL

ESO

ME

FACU

,FA

CW

FACW

Ca

rex

ebur

nea

SED

GE,

BRIS

TLE-

LEA

F FA

CU-,F

ACU

+ FA

CU

Care

x x

stipa

ta

SED

GE,

STA

LK-G

RAIN

O

BL

OBL

Ca

rex

emor

yi

SED

GE,

EMO

RY'S

O

BL

OBL

Ca

rya

ovat

a H

ICK

ORY

,SH

AG

-BA

RK

FACU

-,FA

CU+

FACU

Ca

rex

festu

cace

a SE

DG

E,FE

SCU

E FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

Ca

ssia

fasc

icul

ata

PEA

,PA

RTRI

DG

E FA

CU-,F

ACU

FA

CU

Care

x fo

enea

SE

DG

E,D

RY-S

PIK

E FA

C+?

NI

Casti

lleja

min

iata

IN

DIA

N-P

AIN

TBRU

SH,S

CARL

ET

FACU

,FA

CW

FAC

Care

x fo

rmos

a SE

DG

E,H

AN

DSO

ME

FAC,

FACW

- N

I Ca

stille

ja su

lphu

rea

IND

IAN

-PA

INTB

RUSH

,SU

LPH

UR

FACU

,FA

CW-

FAC

Care

x ga

rber

i SE

DG

E,EL

K

FACW

-,FA

CW

FA

CW

Cata

bros

a aq

uatic

a BR

OO

KG

RASS

O

BL

OBL

Ca

rex

grac

illim

a SE

DG

E,G

RACE

FUL

FACU

N

I Ca

talp

a sp

ecio

sa

CATA

LPA

,NO

RTH

ERN

FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

Ca

rex

gran

ular

is SE

DG

E,M

EAD

OW

FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Ce

lastr

us sc

ande

ns

BITT

ER-S

WEE

T,A

MER

ICA

N

UPL

,FA

CU

NI

Care

x gy

nocr

ates

SE

DG

E,N

ORT

HER

N B

OG

O

BL

OBL

Ce

ltis o

ccid

enta

lis

HA

CKBE

RRY

,CO

MM

ON

FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

Ca

rex

halli

i SE

DG

E,D

EER

FAC,

OBL

FA

C Ce

ntau

rium

exal

tatu

m

CEN

TAU

RY,T

ALL

FA

CW,O

BL

NI

Care

x ha

yden

ii SE

DG

E,CL

OU

D

FACW

+,O

BL

OBL

Ce

ntun

culu

s min

imus

CH

AFF

WEE

D

FACU

-,OBL

O

BL

Care

x ho

odii

SED

GE,

HO

OD

'S

FAC?

N

I Ce

rasti

um a

rven

se

CHIC

KW

EED

,MO

USE

-EA

R U

PL,F

AC

W

FACU

Ca

rex

hyste

ricin

a SE

DG

E,PO

RCU

PIN

E O

BL

OBL

Ce

rasti

um b

rach

ypod

um

CHIC

KW

EED

,SH

ORT

-STA

LK

FACU

-,FA

C FA

CU

Care

x in

terio

r SE

DG

E,IN

LAN

D

FACW

-,OBL

O

BL

Cera

stium

nut

ans

CHIC

KW

EED

,NO

DD

ING

FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

Ca

rex

intu

mes

cens

SE

DG

E,BL

AD

DER

FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Ce

rasti

um v

ulga

tum

CH

ICK

WEE

D,C

OM

MO

N M

OU

SE-E

AR

FACU

-,FA

C-

FACU

Ca

rex

lacu

stris

SED

GE,

LAK

EBA

NK

O

BL

OBL

Ce

rato

phyl

lum

dem

ersu

m

HO

RNW

ORT

,CO

MM

ON

O

BL

OBL

Ca

rex

laev

icon

ica

SED

GE,

SMO

OTH

-CO

NE

OBL

O

BL

Cham

aesy

ce se

rpen

s BR

OO

M-S

PURG

E,M

ATT

ED

UPL

,FA

CW

U

PL

Care

x la

nugi

nosa

SE

DG

E,W

OO

LY

OBL

O

BL

Chen

opod

ium

alb

um

GO

OSE

FOO

T,W

HIT

E FA

CU,F

AC

FAC

Care

x la

sioca

rpa

SED

GE,

WO

OLL

Y-F

RUIT

O

BL

OBL

Ch

enop

odiu

m a

mbr

osio

ides

W

ORM

SEED

,AM

ERIC

AN

FA

CU,F

AC

FAC

Care

x le

ptal

ea

SED

GE,

BRIS

TLY

-STA

LK

OBL

O

BL

Chen

opod

ium

bot

rys

JERU

SALE

M-O

AK

U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU

Care

x lim

noph

ila

SED

GE,

APP

RESS

ED

FACW

,OBL

N

I Ch

enop

odiu

m fr

emon

tii

GO

OSE

FOO

T,FR

EMO

NT'

S U

PL,F

AC

FACU

Ca

rex

limos

a SE

DG

E,M

UD

O

BL

NI

Chen

opod

ium

gla

ucum

G

OO

SEFO

OT,

OA

KLE

AF

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Care

x lu

pulin

a SE

DG

E,H

OP

FACW

+,O

BL

NI

Chen

opod

ium

hum

ile

PIG

WEE

D,M

ARS

HLA

ND

FA

C+

FAC+

Ca

rex

mea

dii

SED

GE,

MEA

D'S

FA

CU,O

BL

FACU

Ch

enop

odiu

m le

ptop

hyllu

m

GO

OSE

FOO

T,N

AR

ROW

-LEA

F U

PL,F

AC

UPL

Ca

rex

mic

ropt

era

SED

GE,

SMA

LL-W

ING

FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Chen

opod

ium

rubr

um

GO

OSE

FOO

T,CO

AST

-BLI

TE

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Care

x ne

bras

cens

is SE

DG

E,N

EBRA

SKA

O

BL

OBL

Ch

enop

odiu

m sa

linum

PI

GW

EED

,RO

CK

Y M

OU

NTA

IN

UPL

,FA

CU

NI

Care

x no

rmal

is SE

DG

E,LA

RGER

STR

AW

FA

CU,O

BL

FAC

Cicu

ta b

ulbi

fera

W

ATE

R-H

EMLO

CK,B

ULB

LET-

BEA

RIN

G

OBL

O

BL

Care

x pa

rryan

a SE

DG

E,PA

RRY

'S

FAC+

,FA

CW

FA

CW

Cicu

ta m

acul

ata

WA

TER-

HEM

LOCK

,SPO

TTED

O

BL

OBL

Ca

rex

prae

grac

ilis

SED

GE,

CLU

STER

ED F

IELD

FA

CW-,F

AC

W+

FACW

Ci

nna

arun

dina

cea

WO

OD

-REE

DG

RASS

,STO

UT

FACW

,FA

CW

+ FA

CW

Care

x pr

aire

a SE

DG

E,PR

AIR

IE

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Cinn

a la

tifol

ia

WO

OD

-REE

DG

RASS

,SLE

ND

ER

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Care

x pr

atic

ola

SED

GE,

NO

RTH

ERN

MEA

DO

W

FACU

,FA

CW

FAC+

Ci

rcae

a al

pina

N

IGH

TSH

AD

E,SM

ALL

EN

CHA

NTE

R'S

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Care

x ps

eudo

cype

rus

SED

GE,

CYPR

ESS-

LIK

E O

BL

OBL

Ci

rcae

a lu

tetia

na

NIG

HTS

HA

DE,

SOU

THER

N B

ROA

D-

LEA

F EN

CH

FACU

FA

CU

Care

x re

trors

a SE

DG

E,RE

TRO

RSE

FA

C,O

BL

OBL

Ci

rsiu

m a

rven

se

THIS

TLE,

CREE

PIN

G

FACU

-,FA

C FA

CU

Care

x ric

hard

soni

i SE

DG

E,RI

CHA

RDSO

N'S

U

PL,F

AC-

FA

C-

Cirs

ium

flod

man

ii TH

ISTL

E,FL

OD

MA

N'S

FA

CU?

NI

Care

x ro

strat

a SE

DG

E,BE

AK

ED

OBL

O

BL

Cicu

ta m

acul

ata

WA

TER-

HEM

LOCK

,SPO

TTED

O

BL

OBL

Ca

rex

rupe

stris

SED

GE,

CURL

Y

UPL

,FA

CU

FACU

Ci

nna

arun

dina

cea

WO

OD

-REE

DG

RASS

,STO

UT

FACW

,FA

CW

+ FA

CW

Care

x sa

rtwel

lii

SED

GE,

SART

WEL

L'S

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW

Cinn

a la

tifol

ia

WO

OD

-REE

DG

RASS

,SLE

ND

ER

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Care

x sc

opar

ia

SED

GE,

POIN

TED

BRO

OM

FA

CW

FACW

Ci

rcae

a al

pina

N

IGH

TSH

AD

E,SM

ALL

EN

CHA

NTE

R'S

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Care

x sim

ulat

a SE

DG

E,SH

ORT

-BEA

K

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Circ

aea

lute

tiana

N

IGH

TSH

AD

E,SO

UTH

ERN

BRO

AD

-LE

AF

ENCH

FA

CU

FACU

Ca

rex

spar

gani

oide

s SE

DG

E,BU

R-RE

ED

FACU

,FA

C+

NI

Cirs

ium

arv

ense

TH

ISTL

E,CR

EEPI

NG

FA

CU-,F

AC

FACU

Ca

rex

spre

ngel

ii SE

DG

E,LO

NG

-BEA

K

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Cirs

ium

flod

man

ii TH

ISTL

E,FL

OD

MA

N'S

FA

CU?

NI

Care

x ste

rilis

SED

GE,

DIO

ECIO

US

OBL

N

I Ci

rsiu

m m

utic

um

THIS

TLE,

SWA

MP

FACW

+,O

BL

OBL

R

EGIO

N 4

LIS

T O

F PL

AN

TS

THA

T O

CC

UR

IN W

ET

LAN

DS

REG

ION

4 L

IST

OF

PLA

NT

S TH

AT

OC

CU

R IN

WE

TLA

ND

S Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l R

ange

O

f Ind

icat

ors

Reg

iona

l In

dica

tor

Scie

ntifi

c N

ame

Com

mon

Nam

e N

atio

nal

Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s

Reg

iona

l In

dica

tor

Cirs

ium

und

ulat

um

THIS

TLE,

WA

VY

-LEA

F FA

CU,F

AC

FAC

Dan

thon

ia c

alifo

rnic

a O

ATG

RASS

,CA

LIFO

RNIA

FA

CU-,F

ACW

N

I Ci

rsiu

m v

ulga

re

THIS

TLE,

BULL

U

PL,F

AC

UPL

D

anth

onia

inte

rmed

ia

OA

TGRA

SS,V

ASE

Y

FACU

,FA

C FA

C Cl

ayto

nia

perfo

liata

LE

TTU

CE,M

INER

'S

FAC-

,FA

CW

FA

CW

Des

cham

psia

ces

pito

sa

HA

IRG

RASS

,TU

FTED

FA

C,FA

CW+

FACW

Cl

emat

is lig

ustic

ifolia

V

IRG

IN'S

-BO

WER

,WES

TER

N

FACU

,FA

CW

FACU

D

esm

anth

us il

linoe

nsis

BUN

DLE

-FLO

WER

,PRA

IRIE

U

PL,F

AC

FACU

Cl

emat

is vi

rgin

iana

V

IRG

IN'S

-BO

WER

,VIR

GIN

IA

FACU

,FA

C+

FACU

D

esm

odiu

m c

anad

ense

TI

CK-T

REFO

IL,S

HO

WY

FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

Cl

eom

e lu

tea

SPID

ER-F

LOW

ER,Y

ELLO

W

UPL

,FA

C+

FACU

D

icha

nthe

lium

acu

min

atum

G

RASS

,PA

NIC

FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Cleo

me

mul

ticau

lis

SPID

ER-F

LOW

ER,M

AN

Y-S

TEM

FA

CW

NI

Dic

hant

heliu

m le

iber

gii

WIT

CHG

RASS

,LEI

BERG

'S

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Cleo

me

serr

ulat

a SP

IDER

-FLO

WER

,BEE

FA

CU-,F

AC

FACU

D

icha

nthe

lium

olig

osan

thes

W

ITCH

GRA

SS,H

ELLE

R'S

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Coel

oglo

ssum

viri

de

ORC

HID

,LO

NG

-BRA

CT G

REEN

FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

CU

Dic

hant

heliu

m sc

abriu

scul

um

GRA

SS,W

OO

LLY

PA

NIC

O

BL

NI

Collo

mia

line

aris

COLL

OM

IA,N

ARR

OW

-LEA

F U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU

Dig

itaria

isch

aem

um

CRA

BGRA

SS,S

MO

OTH

U

PL,F

AC

UPL

Co

man

dra

umbe

llata

TO

AD

-FLA

X,U

MBE

LLA

TE B

AST

ARD

U

PL,F

ACU

U

PL

Dig

itaria

sang

uina

lis

CRA

BGRA

SS,H

AIR

Y

FACU

-,FA

C-

FACU

Co

mm

elin

a co

mm

unis

DA

YFL

OW

ER,A

SIA

TIC

FAC-

,FA

C FA

C-

Dip

sacu

s syl

vestr

is TE

ASE

L FA

C?

NI

Coni

osel

inum

chin

ense

H

EMLO

CK-P

ARS

LEY

FA

C,FA

CW

NI

Disp

orum

trac

hyca

rpum

M

AD

RIN

,RO

UG

H-F

RUIT

FA

C?

NI

Coni

um m

acul

atum

PO

ISO

N-H

EMLO

CK

FAC,

OBL

FA

C D

istic

hlis

spic

ata

SALT

GRA

SS,S

EASH

ORE

FA

C+,F

AC

W+

FACW

Co

nyza

can

aden

sis

HO

RSEW

EED

,CA

NA

DA

U

PL,F

AC

FACU

D

istic

hlis

spic

ata

SALT

GRA

SS,IN

LAN

D

FAC+

,FA

CW

N

I Co

rallo

rrhiz

a m

acul

ata

CORA

LRO

OT,

SPO

TTED

U

PL,F

AC-

FA

CU-

Dod

ecat

heon

pau

ciflo

rum

SH

OO

TIN

G-S

TAR,

DA

RK-T

HRO

AT

FACW

FA

CW

Cora

llorrh

iza

stria

ta

CORA

LRO

OT,

STRI

PED

U

PL,F

ACU

+ U

PL

Dod

ecat

heon

pul

chel

lum

SH

OO

TIN

G-S

TAR,

FEW

-FLO

WER

FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

- Co

rallo

rrhiz

a tri

fida

CORA

LRO

OT,

EARL

Y

FAC,

FACW

FA

C D

raba

aur

ea

WH

ITLO

W-G

RASS

,GO

LDEN

U

PL,F

AC

FAC

Cora

llorrh

iza

wist

eran

a CO

RALR

OO

T,SP

RIN

G

UPL

,FA

C FA

CU

Dra

ba st

enol

oba

WH

ITLO

W-G

RASS

,ALA

SKA

N

I N

I Co

reop

sis ti

ncto

ria

TICK

SEED

,GO

LDEN

FA

CU,F

AC

FAC

Dra

coce

phal

um p

arvi

floru

m

DRA

GO

N-H

EAD

,AM

ERIC

AN

FA

CU-,F

ACU

FA

CU

Coris

perm

um h

ysso

pifo

lium

TI

CK-S

EED

,CO

MM

ON

FA

CU

FACU

D

raco

pis a

mpl

exic

aulis

CO

NEF

LOW

ER,C

LASP

ING

-LEA

F FA

CU-,F

ACW

FA

CW

Corn

us a

mom

um

DO

GW

OO

D,S

ILK

Y

FACW

,FA

CW

+ FA

CW

Dro

sera

rotu

ndifo

lia

SUN

DEW

,RO

UN

D-L

EAF

OBL

O

BL

Corn

us c

anad

ensis

BU

NCH

BERR

Y,C

AN

AD

A

FACU

,FA

C FA

C D

ryop

teris

cris

tata

SH

IELD

-FER

N,C

REST

ED

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Corn

us d

rum

mon

dii

DO

GW

OO

D,R

OU

GH

-LEA

F FA

C FA

C D

ryop

teris

spin

ulos

a W

OO

DFE

RN,S

PIN

ULO

SE

FAC+

,FA

CW

FA

CW

Corn

us fo

emin

a D

OG

WO

OD

,STI

FF

FAC,

FACW

FA

C D

ulic

hium

aru

ndin

aceu

m

SED

GE,

THRE

E-W

AY

O

BL

NI

Corn

us st

olon

ifera

D

OG

WO

OD

,RED

-OSI

ER

FAC,

FACW

+ FA

CW

Echi

noch

loa

crus

galli

G

RASS

,BA

RNY

ARD

FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

CW

Cory

lus a

mer

ican

a H

AZE

L-N

UT,

AM

ERIC

AN

U

PL,F

ACU

U

PL

Echi

noch

loa

mur

icat

a G

RASS

,RO

UG

H B

ARN

YA

RD

FAC,

OBL

O

BL

Cory

lus c

ornu

ta

HA

ZEL-

NU

T,BE

AK

ED

UPL

,FA

CU

UPL

Ec

hino

cysti

s lob

ata

MO

CK-C

UCU

MBE

R,W

ILD

FA

CU,F

ACW

- FA

C Cr

atae

gus m

ollis

H

AW

THO

RN,D

OW

NY

FA

CU,F

ACW

- FA

CU

Echi

nodo

rus r

ostra

tus

BURH

EAD

,UPR

IGH

T O

BL

OBL

Cr

epis

runc

inat

a H

AW

KSB

EARD

,DA

ND

ELIO

N

FACU

,FA

CW

FAC

Eclip

ta a

lba

YER

BA D

E TA

JO

FAC,

OBL

O

BL

Cryp

tota

enia

can

aden

sis

HO

NEW

ORT

,CA

NA

DA

FA

CU,F

AC+

FA

CU

Elae

agnu

s ang

ustif

olia

O

LIV

E,RU

SSIA

N

FACU

-,FA

CW-

FAC-

Cy

clol

oma

atrip

licifo

lium

PI

GW

EED

,WIN

GED

U

PL,F

AC

FAC

Elae

agnu

s com

mut

ata

SILV

ER-B

ERRY

,AM

ERIC

AN

U

PL

NI

Cype

rus a

cum

inat

us

FLA

TSED

GE,

SHO

RT-P

OIN

T O

BL

OBL

El

atin

e tri

andr

a W

ATE

R-W

ORT

,TH

REE-

STA

MEN

O

BL

OBL

Cy

peru

s aris

tatu

s FL

ATS

EDG

E,A

WN

ED

FACW

+,O

BL

OBL

El

eoch

aris

acic

ular

is SP

IKER

USH

,LEA

ST

OBL

O

BL

Cype

rus d

iand

rus

FLA

TSED

GE,

UM

BREL

LA

FACW

,FA

CW

+ FA

CW

Eleo

char

is at

ropu

rpur

ea

SPIK

ERU

SH,P

URP

LE

FACW

,FA

CW

+ N

I Cy

peru

s eng

elm

anni

i FL

ATS

EDG

E,EN

GEL

MA

NN

FA

CW+,

OBL

O

BL

Eleo

char

is co

mpr

essa

SP

IKER

USH

,FLA

T-ST

EM

FACW

,FA

CW

+ FA

CW

Cype

rus e

ryth

rorh

izos

FL

ATS

EDG

E,RE

D-R

OO

T FA

CW+,

OBL

O

BL

Eleo

char

is en

gelm

anni

i SP

IKER

USH

,EN

GEL

MA

NN

'S

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW

Cype

rus e

scul

entu

s CH

UFA

FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

El

eoch

aris

eryt

hrop

oda

SPIK

ERU

SH,B

ALD

O

BL

OBL

Cy

peru

s fer

rugi

nesc

ens

FLA

TSED

GE,

RUST

Y

FAC,

OBL

O

BL

Eleo

char

is m

acro

stach

ya

SPIK

ERU

SH,C

REEP

ING

O

BL

OBL

Cy

peru

s fili

culm

is FL

ATS

EDG

E,SL

END

ER

UPL

,FA

C FA

C El

eoch

aris

obtu

sa

SPIK

ERU

SH,B

LUN

T O

BL

OBL

Cy

peru

s fus

cus

FLA

TSED

GE,

BRO

WN

FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

El

eoch

aris

ovat

a SP

IKER

USH

,OV

ATE

O

BL

OBL

Cy

peru

s odo

ratu

s FL

ATS

EDG

E,RU

STY

FA

CW,F

AC

W+

FACW

+ El

eoch

aris

palu

stris

SPIK

ERU

SH,C

REEP

ING

O

BL

OBL

Cy

peru

s riv

ular

is FL

ATS

EDG

E,SH

ININ

G

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW

Eleo

char

is pa

rvul

a SP

IKER

USH

,SM

ALL

O

BL

OBL

Cy

peru

s sch

wei

nitz

ii FL

ATS

EDG

E,SC

HW

EIN

ITZ'

S U

PL,F

AC

FACU

El

eoch

aris

pauc

iflor

a SP

IKER

USH

,FEW

-FLO

WER

O

BL

OBL

Cy

peru

s stri

gosu

s FL

ATS

EDG

E,ST

RAW

-CO

LOR

FACW

FA

CW

Eleo

char

is qu

adra

ngul

ata

SPIK

ERU

SH,S

QU

ARE

-STE

M

OBL

N

I Cy

prip

ediu

m c

alce

olus

LA

DY

'S-S

LIPP

ER,S

MA

LL Y

ELLO

W

FACU

,FA

CW

FACW

El

eoch

aris

roste

llata

SP

IKER

USH

,BEA

KED

O

BL

OBL

Cy

prip

ediu

m c

andi

dum

LA

DY

'S-S

LIPP

ER,S

MA

LL W

HIT

E O

BL

OBL

El

eoch

aris

smal

lii

SPIK

ERU

SH,S

MA

LL'S

O

BL

OBL

Cy

prip

ediu

m re

gina

e LA

DY

'S-S

LIPP

ER,S

HO

WY

FA

CW-,F

AC

W+

FACW

El

eoch

aris

wol

fii

SPIK

ERU

SH,W

OLF

'S

OBL

O

BL

Cypr

iped

ium

x a

ndre

wsii

LA

DY

'S-S

LIPP

ER,A

ND

REW

'S

FACW

FA

CW

Eleu

sine

indi

ca

GO

OSE

GRA

SS,IN

DIA

U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU

Cysto

pter

is bu

lbife

ra

FERN

,BU

LBLE

T FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

El

lisia

nyc

tele

a BA

BY-B

LUE-

EYES

,FA

LSE

UPL

,FA

C+

UPL

Cy

stopt

eris

frag

ilis

FERN

,BRI

TTLE

FA

CU,F

ACU

+ FA

CU

Elod

ea b

ifolia

ta

WA

TER-

WEE

D,T

WO

-LEA

F O

BL

NI

Dac

tylis

glo

mer

ata

GRA

SS,O

RCH

ARD

FA

CU,F

ACU

+ FA

CU

Elod

ea c

anad

ensis

W

ATE

R-W

EED

,BRO

AD

O

BL

OBL

D

alea

lepo

rina

PRA

IRIE

-CLO

VER

,FO

X-T

AIL

N

I N

I El

odea

long

ivag

inat

a W

ATE

R-W

EED

,LO

NG

-SH

EATH

O

BL

OBL

R

EGIO

N 4

LIS

T O

F PL

AN

TS

THA

T O

CC

UR

IN W

ET

LAN

DS

REG

ION

4 L

IST

OF

PLA

NT

S TH

AT

OC

CU

R IN

WE

TLA

ND

S Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s R

egio

nal

Indi

cato

r Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s R

egio

nal

Indi

cato

r El

odea

nut

talli

i W

ATE

R-W

EED

,NU

TTA

LL'S

O

BL

OBL

Eu

onym

us a

tropu

rpur

eus

BURN

ING

-BU

SH,E

AST

ERN

FA

CU,F

AC+

FA

CU

Elym

us c

anad

ensis

W

ILD

-RY

E,N

OD

DIN

G

FACU

,FA

C+

FACU

Eu

pato

riade

lphu

s mac

ulat

us

JOE-

PYE-

WEE

D,S

POTT

ED

FACW

-,OBL

FA

CW+

Elym

us c

iner

eus

WIL

D-R

YE,

BASI

N

FAC-

? N

I Eu

pato

rium

per

folia

tum

BO

NES

ET,C

OM

MO

N

FACW

+,O

BL

OBL

El

ymus

gla

ucus

W

ILD

-RY

E,BL

UE

FACU

FA

CU

Euph

orbi

a he

tero

phyl

la

SPU

RGE,

PAIN

TED

U

PL,F

AC

NI

Elym

us in

nova

tus

WIL

D-R

YE,

NO

RTH

WES

TERN

FA

CW?

NI

Euph

orbi

a m

acul

ata

BRO

OM

SPU

RGE,

SPO

TTED

U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU-

Elym

us ju

nceu

s W

ILD

-RY

E,RU

SSIA

N

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Euph

orbi

a m

argi

nata

SN

OW

-ON

-TH

E-M

OU

NTA

IN

UPL

,FA

CU

FACU

El

ymus

vill

osus

W

ILD

-RY

E,H

AIR

Y

FACU

-,FA

CU

FACU

Eu

phor

bia

nuta

ns

BRO

OM

SPU

RGE,

EYEB

AN

E FA

CU-,F

ACU

FA

CU-

Elym

us v

irgin

icus

W

ILD

-RY

E,V

IRG

INIA

FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Eusto

ma

gran

diflo

rum

PR

AIR

IE-G

ENTI

AN

,SH

OW

Y

FAC-

,FA

CW

FA

CW

Enem

ion

bite

rnat

um

RUE-

AN

EMO

NE,

FALS

E U

PL,F

AC

W

UPL

Eu

tham

ia c

ampo

rum

FR

AG

RAN

T-G

OLD

EN-R

OD

,VIS

CID

FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

CW

Epilo

bium

ana

galli

difo

lium

W

ILLO

W-H

ERB,

PIM

PERN

EL

FACU

-,FA

CW

NI

Euth

amia

gra

min

ifolia

FR

AG

RAN

T-G

OLD

EN-R

OD

,FLA

T-TO

P FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

Epilo

bium

ang

ustif

oliu

m

FIRE

WEE

D

FACU

,FA

C FA

C Eu

tham

ia o

ccid

enta

lis

FRA

GRA

NT-

GO

LDEN

-RO

D,W

ESTE

RN

FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Ep

ilobi

um b

rach

ycar

pum

W

ILLO

W-H

ERB,

PAN

ICLE

D

UPL

N

I Fe

stuca

alta

ica

FESC

UE,

ROU

GH

U

PL,F

AC

UPL

Ep

ilobi

um c

iliat

um

WIL

LOW

-HER

B,H

AIR

Y

FACU

,OBL

FA

CW

Festu

ca a

rund

inac

ea

FESC

UE,

KEN

TUCK

Y

UPL

,FA

CW

- N

I Ep

ilobi

um c

olor

atum

W

ILLO

W-H

ERB,

PURP

LE-L

EAF

OBL

O

BL

Festu

ca o

btus

a FE

SCU

E,N

OD

DIN

G

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Epilo

bium

hal

lean

um

WIL

LOW

-HER

B,G

LAN

DU

LAR

FAC+

,FA

CW

+ FA

CW+

Festu

ca p

rate

nsis

FESC

UE,

MEA

DO

W

FACU

-,FA

C FA

C Ep

ilobi

um h

orne

man

nii

WIL

LOW

-HER

B,H

ORN

EMA

NN

'S

FACW

-,FA

CW

+ FA

CW

Festu

ca su

bula

ta

FESC

UE,

BEA

RDED

U

PL,F

AC

UPL

Ep

ilobi

um le

ptop

hyllu

m

WIL

LOW

-HER

B,LI

NEA

R-LE

AF

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Fila

gine

lla u

ligin

osa

CUD

WEE

D,L

OW

U

PL,F

AC

W

FAC

Epilo

bium

pal

ustre

W

ILLO

W-H

ERB,

MA

RSH

O

BL

OBL

Fi

mbr

istyl

is au

tum

nalis

FI

MBR

Y,S

LEN

DER

FA

CW+,

OBL

O

BL

Epilo

bium

saxi

mon

tanu

m

WIL

LOW

-HER

B,RO

CKY

M

OU

NTA

IN

FAC,

FACW

+ FA

CW+

Floe

rkea

pro

serp

inac

oide

s M

ERM

AID

-WEE

D,F

ALS

E FA

C,O

BL

NI

Epip

actis

gig

ante

a H

ELLO

BORI

NE,

GIA

NT

FACW

+,O

BL

OBL

Fr

agar

ia v

irgin

iana

ST

RAW

BERR

Y,V

IRG

INIA

U

PL,F

AC

FACU

Eq

uise

tum

arv

ense

H

ORS

ETA

IL,F

IELD

FA

CU,F

ACW

- FA

C Fr

axin

us n

igra

A

SH,B

LACK

FA

CW,F

AC

W+

FACW

Eq

uise

tum

fluv

iatil

e H

ORS

ETA

IL,W

ATE

R O

BL

OBL

Fr

axin

us p

enns

ylva

nica

A

SH,G

REEN

FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Equi

setu

m h

yem

ale

HO

RSET

AIL

,RO

UG

H

FAC+

,FA

CW

FA

CW

Gal

ium

apa

rine

BED

STRA

W,C

ATC

HW

EED

FA

CU,F

AC-

FA

CU

Equi

setu

m la

evig

atum

SC

OU

RIN

G-R

USH

,SM

OO

TH

FAC,

FACW

FA

C G

aliu

m b

orea

le

BED

STRA

W,N

ORT

HER

N

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Equi

setu

m p

alus

tre

HO

RSET

AIL

,MA

RSH

FA

CW

FACW

G

aliu

m la

brad

oric

um

BED

STRA

W,N

ORT

HER

N B

OG

O

BL

OBL

Eq

uise

tum

pra

tens

e H

ORS

ETA

IL,M

EAD

OW

FA

CW

FACW

G

aliu

m o

btus

um

BED

STRA

W,B

LUN

T-LE

AF

FACW

-,OBL

O

BL

Equi

setu

m sc

irpoi

des

SCO

URI

NG

-RU

SH,D

WA

RF

FACU

,FA

C+

FAC

Gal

ium

trifi

dum

BE

DST

RAW

,SM

ALL

FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Eq

uise

tum

sylv

atic

um

HO

RSET

AIL

,WO

OD

LAN

D

FACU

,FA

CW

FACW

G

aliu

m tr

iflor

um

BED

STRA

W,S

WEE

T-SC

ENT

FACU

,FA

CU+

FACU

Eq

uise

tum

var

iega

tum

H

ORS

ETA

IL,V

ARI

EGA

TED

FA

CW,F

AC

W+

FACW

G

aura

neo

mex

ican

a BU

TTER

FLY

-WEE

D,N

EW M

EXIC

O

FACW

,OBL

N

I

Equi

setu

m x

ferr

issii

SCO

URI

NG

-RU

SH,IN

TERM

EDIA

TE

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Gau

ra p

arvi

flora

BU

TTER

FLY

-WEE

D,V

ELV

ET-L

EAF

FACU

? N

I Er

agro

stis c

ilian

ensis

ST

INK

GRA

SS

FACU

,FA

CU+

FACU

G

entia

na a

ffin

is G

ENTI

AN

,PRA

IRIE

FA

CU

FACU

Er

agro

stis h

ypno

ides

LO

VEG

RASS

,TEA

L FA

C,O

BL

OBL

G

entia

na a

ndre

wsii

G

ENTI

AN

,FRI

NG

E-TO

P BO

TTLE

FA

C,FA

CW+

FAC

Erag

rosti

s pec

tinac

ea

LOV

EGRA

SS,P

URP

LE

FACU

,FA

C FA

C G

entia

nella

am

arel

la

GEN

TIA

N,N

ORT

HER

N

FAC,

OBL

FA

CW

Erag

rosti

s pilo

sa

LOV

EGRA

SS,IN

DIA

FA

CU

FACU

G

entia

nops

is cr

inita

G

ENTI

AN

,FRI

NG

ED

FACW

+,O

BL

OBL

Er

agro

stis r

epta

ns

LOV

EGRA

SS,H

AIR

Y C

REEP

ING

FA

CW+,

OBL

O

BL

Gen

tiano

psis

proc

era

GEN

TIA

N,L

ESSE

R FR

ING

ED

OBL

O

BL

Erag

rosti

s spe

ctab

ilis

LOV

EGRA

SS,P

URP

LE

UPL

,FA

CU

UPL

G

entia

nops

is vi

rgat

a G

ENTI

AN

,LES

SER

FRIN

GED

FA

CW+,

OBL

O

BL

Erec

htite

s hie

raci

ifolia

BU

RN,A

MER

ICA

N

FACU

,FA

C N

A

Ger

aniu

m m

acul

atum

CR

AN

E'S-

BILL

,PU

RPLE

FA

CU

FACU

Er

iger

on a

cris

FLEA

BAN

E,BI

TTER

FA

CU,F

AC

FAC

Ger

aniu

m ri

char

dson

ii CR

AN

E'S-

BILL

,RIC

HA

RDSO

N'S

FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

C Er

iger

on a

nnuu

s FL

EABA

NE,

WH

ITE-

TOP

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Ger

aniu

m v

iscos

issim

um

CRA

NE'

S-BI

LL,S

TICK

Y

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Erig

eron

flag

ella

ris

FLEA

BAN

E,TR

AIL

ING

FA

CU,F

AC

FAC

Geu

m a

lepp

icum

A

VEN

S,Y

ELLO

W

FACU

,FA

CW+

FACU

Er

iger

on fo

rmos

issim

us

FLEA

BAN

E,BE

AU

TIFU

L U

PL,F

AC

FAC

Geu

m c

anad

ense

A

VEN

S,W

HIT

E FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

Er

iger

on lo

ncho

phyl

lus

FLEA

BAN

E,LO

W M

EAD

OW

FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

G

eum

mac

roph

yllu

m

AV

ENS,

LARG

E-LE

AF

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW

Erig

eron

oxy

dont

us

FLEA

BAN

E FA

CW

FACW

G

eum

riva

le

AV

ENS,

PURP

LE

FAC,

OBL

FA

CW

Erig

eron

phi

lade

lphi

cus

FLEA

BAN

E,PH

ILA

DEL

PHIA

FA

CU,O

BL

FACW

G

eum

trifl

orum

W

HIS

KER

S,O

LD-M

AN

'S

UPL

,FA

C FA

CU

Erig

eron

strig

osus

FL

EABA

NE,

PRA

IRIE

FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

G

eum

ver

num

A

VEN

S,SP

RIN

G

FACU

-,FA

C N

I Er

ioph

orum

ang

ustif

oliu

m

COTT

ON

-GRA

SS,N

ARR

OW

-LEA

F O

BL

OBL

G

laux

mar

itim

a SE

A-M

ILK

WO

RT

FACW

+,O

BL

OBL

Er

ioph

orum

cha

miss

onis

COTT

ON

-GRA

SS,R

USS

ET

OBL

O

BL

Gle

com

a he

dera

cea

IVY

,GRO

UN

D

UPL

,FA

CU+

FACU

Er

ioph

orum

gra

cile

CO

TTO

N-G

RASS

,SLE

ND

ER

OBL

O

BL

Gle

ditsi

a tri

acan

thos

H

ON

EY-L

OCU

ST

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Erio

phor

um p

olys

tach

ion

COTT

ON

-GRA

SS,C

OLD

SWA

MP

OBL

O

BL

Gly

ceria

bor

ealis

G

RASS

,SM

ALL

FLO

ATI

NG

MA

NN

A

OBL

O

BL

Erio

phor

um v

iridi

carin

atum

CO

TTO

N-G

RASS

,GRE

EN-K

EEL

OBL

O

BL

Gly

ceria

flui

tans

G

RASS

,WA

TER

MA

NN

A

OBL

O

BL

Erys

imum

chei

rant

hoid

es

WA

LLFL

OW

ER,W

ORM

-SEE

D

UPL

,FA

C FA

CU

Gly

ceria

max

ima

MEA

DO

WG

RASS

,REE

D

OBL

O

BL

R

EGIO

N 4

LIS

T O

F PL

AN

TS

THA

T O

CC

UR

IN W

ET

LAN

DS

REG

ION

4 L

IST

OF

PLA

NT

S TH

AT

OC

CU

R IN

WE

TLA

ND

S Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s R

egio

nal

Indi

cato

r Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s R

egio

nal

Indi

cato

r G

lyce

ria st

riata

G

RASS

,FO

WL

MA

NN

A

OBL

O

BL

Junc

us b

revi

caud

atus

RU

SH,N

ARR

OW

-PA

NIC

LE

OBL

O

BL

Gly

cyrrh

iza

lepi

dota

LI

CORI

CE,A

MER

ICA

N

UPL

,FA

C+

FACU

Ju

ncus

buf

oniu

s RU

SH,T

OA

D

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Gna

phal

ium

chi

lens

e CU

DW

EED

,CO

TTO

N-B

ATT

ING

FA

C-,F

AC

+ N

I Ju

ncus

eff

usus

RU

SH,S

OFT

FA

CW+,

OBL

O

BL

Gna

phal

ium

pal

ustre

CU

DW

EED

,WES

TERN

MA

RSH

FA

C+,O

BL

OBL

Ju

ncus

ens

ifoliu

s RU

SH,T

HRE

E-ST

AM

EN

FACW

,FA

CW

+ FA

CW

Goo

dyer

a ob

long

ifolia

RA

TTLE

SNA

KE-

PLA

NTA

IN,G

IAN

T U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU

Junc

us g

erar

dii

RUSH

,SA

LTM

EAD

OW

FA

C,O

BL

FAC

Goo

dyer

a re

pens

RA

TTLE

SNA

KE-

PLA

NTA

IN,D

WA

RF

UPL

,FA

CW

FA

C-

Junc

us in

terio

r RU

SH,IN

LAN

D

FACU

,FA

CW

FACW

G

ratio

la a

urea

H

EDG

EHY

SSO

P,G

OLD

EN

OBL

O

BL

Junc

us lo

ngist

ylis

RUSH

,LO

NG

-STY

LE

FACW

,FA

CW

+ FA

CW

Gra

tiola

neg

lect

a H

EDG

EHY

SSO

P,CL

AM

MY

O

BL

OBL

Ju

ncus

nod

osus

RU

SH,K

NO

TTED

O

BL

OBL

G

rinde

lia sq

uarro

sa

GU

MW

EED

,CU

RLY

-CU

P U

PL,F

ACU

U

PL

Junc

us sa

xim

onta

nus

RUSH

,RO

CKY

MO

UN

TAIN

FA

CW,O

BL

FACW

G

ymno

carp

ium

dry

opte

ris

FERN

,OA

K

UPL

,FA

C FA

CU

Junc

us te

nuis

RUSH

,SLE

ND

ER

FAC-

,FA

CW

FA

C H

acke

lia fl

orib

unda

ST

ICK

SEED

,DA

VIS

MO

UN

TAIN

FA

CU-,F

AC

FACU

Ju

ncus

torr

eyi

RUSH

,TO

RRE

Y'S

FA

CW,F

AC

W+

FACW

H

acke

lia v

irgin

iana

ST

ICK

SEED

,VIR

GIN

IA

FACU

,FA

C+

FACU

Ju

ncus

vas

eyi

RUSH

,VA

SEY

'S

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW

Hal

enia

def

lexa

SP

URR

ED-G

ENTI

AN

,AM

ERIC

AN

FA

C N

I Ju

nipe

rus h

oriz

onta

lis

JUN

IPER

,CRE

EPIN

G

UPL

,FA

C-

FACU

H

aplo

papp

us la

nceo

latu

s G

OLD

EN-W

EED

,LA

NCE

-LEA

F FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

Ju

nipe

rus v

irgin

iana

CE

DA

R,EA

STER

N R

ED

FACU

-,FA

CU

FACU

- H

edys

arum

alp

inum

SW

EETV

ETCH

,ALP

INE

FACU

,FA

C-

FACU

K

ochi

a sc

opar

ia

SUM

MER

-CY

PRES

S,M

EXIC

AN

U

PL,F

AC

FAC

Hel

eniu

m a

utum

nale

SN

EEZE

WEE

D,C

OM

MO

N

FACW

-,OBL

FA

CW

Lact

uca

bien

nis

LETT

UCE

,BIE

NN

IAL

FACU

,FA

C+

FAC

Hel

iant

hella

qui

nque

nerv

is RO

CKR

OSE

,NO

DD

ING

U

PL,F

AC

W

FACW

La

ctuc

a ca

nade

nsis

LETT

UCE

,TA

LL Y

ELLO

W

FACU

-,FA

C+

FACU

H

elia

nthu

s ann

uus

SUN

FLO

WER

,CO

MM

ON

FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

La

ctuc

a flo

ridan

a LE

TTU

CE,W

OO

DLA

ND

FA

CU-,F

AC+

FA

C H

elia

nthu

s gro

sses

erra

tus

SUN

FLO

WER

,SA

W-T

OO

TH

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Lact

uca

ludo

vici

ana

LETT

UCE

,BIE

NN

IAL

UPL

,FA

C FA

C-

Hel

iant

hus m

axim

ilian

i SU

NFL

OW

ER,M

AX

IMIL

IAN

'S

UPL

,FA

CU

FACU

La

ctuc

a pu

lche

lla

LETT

UCE

,CH

ICO

RY

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Hel

iant

hus n

utta

llii

SUN

FLO

WER

,NU

TTA

LL'S

FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

La

ctuc

a se

rrio

la

LETT

UCE

,PRI

CKLY

FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

H

elia

nthu

s tub

eros

us

JERU

SALE

M-A

RTIC

HO

KE

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Lapo

rtea

cana

dens

is W

OO

D-N

ETTL

E,CA

NA

DA

FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Hel

iotro

pium

cur

assa

vicu

m

HEL

IOTR

OPE

,SEA

SID

E FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

La

thyr

us p

alus

tris

PEA

VIN

E,V

ETCH

LIN

G

FAC,

OBL

FA

C H

emic

arph

a dr

umm

ondi

i D

WA

RF-B

ULL

RUSH

,DRU

MM

ON

D'S

FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

La

thyr

us v

enos

us

PEA

VIN

E,SM

OO

TH V

EIN

Y

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Hem

icar

pha

mic

rant

ha

DW

ARF

-BU

LLRU

SH

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Ledu

m g

roen

land

icum

LA

BRA

DO

R-TE

A,G

REEN

LAN

D

FACW

,OBL

N

I H

erac

leum

lana

tum

CO

W-P

AR

SNIP

FA

CU-,O

BL

FAC

Leer

sia o

ryzo

ides

CU

TGRA

SS,R

ICE

OBL

O

BL

Her

acle

um sp

hond

yliu

m

COW

-PA

RSN

IP,A

MER

ICA

N

UPL

,FA

C FA

C Le

ersia

virg

inic

a W

HIT

EGRA

SS

FACW

FA

CW

Het

eran

ther

a lim

osa

MU

D-P

LAN

TAIN

,BLU

E O

BL

OBL

Le

mna

gib

ba

DU

CKW

EED

,INFL

ATE

D

OBL

O

BL

Het

erot

heca

suba

xilla

ris

CAM

PHO

R-W

EED

U

PL,F

ACU

N

I Le

mna

min

or

DU

CKW

EED

,LES

SER

OBL

O

BL

Heu

cher

a ric

hard

soni

i A

LUM

-RO

OT,

RICH

ARD

SON

'S

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Lem

na p

erpu

silla

D

UCK

WEE

D,M

INU

TE

OBL

O

BL

Hie

roch

loe o

dora

ta

GRA

SS,H

OLY

FA

CU,F

ACW

+ FA

CW

Lem

na tr

isulc

a D

UCK

WEE

D,S

TAR

OBL

O

BL

Hip

puris

vul

garis

M

ARE

'S-T

AIL

,CO

MM

ON

O

BL

OBL

Le

mna

val

divi

ana

DU

CKW

EED

,PA

LE

OBL

O

BL

Hor

deum

juba

tum

BA

RLEY

,FO

X-T

AIL

FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

Le

pidi

um d

ensif

loru

m

PEPP

ER-G

RASS

,DEN

SE-F

LOW

ER

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Hor

deum

pus

illum

BA

RLEY

,LIT

TLE

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Lepi

dium

latif

oliu

m

PEPP

ER-G

RASS

,BRO

AD

-LEA

F FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

CW

Hum

ulus

lupu

lus

HO

P,CO

MM

ON

FA

CU

NI

Lepi

dium

per

folia

tum

PE

PPER

-GRA

SS,C

LASP

ING

U

PL,F

AC

FACU

H

ydro

phyl

lum

virg

inia

num

W

ATE

R-LE

AF,

VIR

GIN

IA

FAC,

FACW

FA

C Le

pidi

um v

irgin

icum

PE

PPER

-GRA

SS,P

OO

R-M

AN

'S

UPL

,FA

C-

FACU

H

yper

icum

maj

us

ST. J

OH

N'S

-WO

RT,L

ARG

E CA

NA

DIA

N

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Lept

ochl

oa fa

scic

ular

is SP

RAN

GLE

-TO

P,BE

ARD

ED

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Hyp

oxis

hirs

uta

STA

RGRA

SS,E

AST

ERN

YEL

LOW

FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

Le

ptoc

hloa

filif

orm

is SP

RAN

GLE

-TO

P,RE

D

FAC,

OBL

FA

CW

Impa

tiens

cap

ensis

TO

UCH

-ME-

NO

T,SP

OTT

ED

FACW

,FA

CW

+ FA

CW

Lesp

edez

a ca

pita

ta

BUSH

CLO

VER

,RO

UN

D-H

EAD

U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU-

Impa

tiens

pal

lida

TOU

CH-M

E-N

OT,

PALE

FA

CW

FACW

Li

atris

lanc

ifolia

G

AY

FEA

THER

,LA

NCE

-LEA

F FA

C+,F

AC

W

FAC+

Ip

omoe

a pu

rpur

ea

MO

RNIN

G-G

LORY

,CO

MM

ON

U

PL,F

AC

FAC

Liat

ris li

gulis

tylu

s G

AY

FEA

THER

,STR

AP-

STY

LE

FAC-

,FA

C FA

C Ir

is m

issou

riens

is IR

IS,R

OCK

Y M

OU

NTA

IN

FACW

-,OBL

FA

CW+

Liat

ris p

ycno

stach

ya

GA

YFE

ATH

ER,C

ATT

AIL

FA

CU,F

AC+

FA

C Ir

is ps

euda

coru

s IR

IS,Y

ELLO

W

OBL

N

I Li

lium

can

aden

se

LILY

,CA

NA

DA

FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

Is

oete

s mel

anop

oda

QU

ILLW

ORT

,BLA

CKFO

OT

OBL

O

BL

Liliu

m p

hila

delp

hicu

m

LILY

,WO

OD

FA

CU-,F

ACW

+ FA

C Iv

a an

nua

SUM

PWEE

D,A

NN

UA

L FA

C FA

C Li

mos

ella

aqu

atic

a M

UD

WO

RT,N

ORT

HER

N

OBL

O

BL

Iva

axill

aris

SUM

PWEE

D,S

MA

LL-F

LOW

ER

FACU

,FA

CW

FACU

Li

nder

nia

anag

allid

ea

FALS

E-PI

MPE

RNEL

FA

CW+,

OBL

O

BL

Iva

xant

hifo

lia

SUM

PWEE

D,C

OA

RSE

FACU

,FA

C+

FACU

Li

nder

nia

dubi

a FA

LSE-

PIM

PERN

EL,Y

ELLO

W-S

EED

O

BL

OBL

Ju

glan

s nig

ra

WA

LNU

T,BL

ACK

FA

CU

FACU

Li

nnae

a bo

real

is TW

INFL

OW

ER

UPL

,FA

C FA

CU

Junc

us a

cum

inat

us

RUSH

,TA

PER-

TIP

OBL

N

I Li

paris

loes

elii

ORC

HID

,FEN

FA

CW-,O

BL

OBL

Ju

ncus

alp

inus

RU

SH,R

ICH

ARD

SON

'S

OBL

O

BL

Liste

ra c

onva

llario

ides

TW

AY

BLA

DE,

BRO

AD

-LEA

F FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

CW

Junc

us a

rticu

latu

s RU

SH,JO

INTE

D

OBL

O

BL

Lobe

lia k

alm

ii LO

BELI

A,B

ROO

K

OBL

O

BL

Junc

us b

altic

us

RUSH

,BA

LTIC

FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Lo

belia

siph

ilitic

a LO

BELI

A,G

REA

T BL

UE

FACW

+,O

BL

OBL

Ju

ncus

bra

chyc

epha

lus

RUSH

,SM

ALL

-HEA

D

OBL

O

BL

Lobe

lia sp

icat

a LO

BELI

A,P

ALE

-SPI

KE

FAC-

,FA

C FA

C

R

EGIO

N 4

LIS

T O

F PL

AN

TS

THA

T O

CC

UR

IN W

ET

LAN

DS

REG

ION

4 L

IST

OF

PLA

NT

S TH

AT

OC

CU

R IN

WE

TLA

ND

S Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s R

egio

nal

Indi

cato

r Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s R

egio

nal

Indi

cato

r Lo

lium

per

enne

RY

EGRA

SS,P

EREN

NIA

L FA

CU-,F

AC

FACU

M

uhle

nber

gia

frond

osa

MU

HLY

,WIR

E-ST

EM

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Loni

cera

dio

ica

HO

NEY

SUCK

LE,M

OU

NTA

IN

FACU

FA

CU

Muh

lenb

ergi

a glo

mer

ata

MU

HLY

,MA

RSH

FA

CW,F

AC

W+

FACW

+ Lo

nice

ra ta

taric

a H

ON

EYSU

CKLE

,TA

RTA

RIA

N

FACU

N

I M

uhle

nber

gia

mex

ican

a M

UH

LY,M

EXIC

AN

FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

Lo

tus c

orni

cula

tus

TREF

OIL

,BIR

DS-

FOO

T FA

CU-,F

AC

FACU

M

uhle

nber

gia

min

utiss

ima

MU

HLY

,LEA

ST

FACU

-,FA

C FA

C-

Luzu

la m

ultif

lora

W

OO

DRU

SH,C

OM

MO

N

FACU

-,FA

C FA

C M

uhle

nber

gia

race

mos

a M

UH

LY,G

REEN

FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

CW

Luzu

la p

arvi

flora

W

OO

DRU

SH,S

MA

LL-F

LOW

ER

FACU

,FA

C N

I M

uhle

nber

gia

richa

rdso

nis

MU

HLY

,MA

T FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

C Ly

copo

dium

com

plan

atum

CL

UBM

OSS

,TRA

ILIN

G

UPL

,FA

C N

I M

uhle

nber

gia

sylv

atic

a M

UH

LY,F

ORE

ST

FAC+

,FA

CW

FA

CW

Lyco

podi

um d

endr

oide

um

CLU

BMO

SS,T

REE-

LIK

E FA

CU,F

AC

NI

Myo

sotis

scor

pioi

des

FORG

ET-M

E-N

OT,

TRU

E FA

C,O

BL

OBL

Ly

copo

dium

obs

curu

m

CLU

BMO

SS,T

REE

FACU

-,FA

CU

FACU

M

yoso

tis sy

lvat

ica

FORG

ET-M

E-N

OT,

WO

OD

LAN

D

UPL

,FA

CW

FA

CW

Lyco

pus a

mer

ican

us

BUG

LEW

EED

,AM

ERIC

AN

O

BL

OBL

M

yoso

tis v

erna

FO

RGET

-ME-

NO

T,SP

RIN

G

FAC-

,FA

C FA

C Ly

copu

s asp

er

BUG

LEW

EED

,RO

UG

H

OBL

O

BL

Myo

suru

s aris

tatu

s M

OU

SE-T

AIL

,SED

GE

OBL

N

I Ly

copu

s uni

floru

s BU

GLE

WEE

D,N

ORT

HER

N

OBL

O

BL

Myo

suru

s min

imus

M

OU

SE-T

AIL

,TIN

Y

FACW

-,OBL

O

BL

Lysim

achi

a ci

liata

LO

OSE

STRI

FE,F

RIN

GED

FA

CW-,F

AC

W+

FACW

M

yrio

phyl

lum

het

erop

hyllu

m

WA

TER-

MIL

FOIL

,TW

O-L

EAF

OBL

O

BL

Lysim

achi

a hy

brid

a LO

OSE

STRI

FE,L

OW

LAN

D

OBL

O

BL

Myr

ioph

yllu

m p

inna

tum

W

ATE

R-M

ILFO

IL,C

UT-

LEA

F O

BL

OBL

Ly

simac

hia

lanc

eola

ta

LOO

SEST

RIFE

,LA

NCE

-LEA

F FA

C,FA

CW-

FACW

- M

yrio

phyl

lum

spic

atum

W

ATE

R-M

ILFO

IL,E

URA

SIA

N

OBL

O

BL

Lysim

achi

a qu

adrif

lora

LO

OSE

STRI

FE,F

OU

R-FL

OW

ER

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW

Myr

ioph

yllu

m v

ertic

illat

um

WA

TER-

MIL

FOIL

,WH

ORL

ED

OBL

O

BL

Lysim

achi

a th

yrsif

lora

LO

OSE

STRI

FE,T

UFT

ED

OBL

O

BL

Naj

as fl

exili

s N

AIA

D,S

LEN

DER

O

BL

OBL

Ly

simac

hia

verti

cilla

ta

LOO

SEST

RIFE

O

BL

OBL

N

ajas

gua

dalu

pens

is N

AIA

D,S

OU

THER

N

OBL

O

BL

Lyth

rum

ala

tum

LO

OSE

STRI

FE,W

ING

ED

FACW

+,O

BL

OBL

N

ajas

mar

ina

NA

IAD

,SPI

NY

O

BL

OBL

Ly

thru

m sa

licar

ia

LOO

SEST

RIFE

,PU

RPLE

FA

CW+,

OBL

O

BL

Nas

turti

um o

ffic

inal

e W

ATE

R-CR

ESS,

TRU

E O

BL

OBL

M

aclu

ra p

omife

ra

OSA

GE-

ORA

NG

E U

PL,F

ACU

U

PL

Nav

arre

tia p

ropi

nqua

N

AV

ARR

ETIA

,GRE

AT

BASI

N

FAC

FAC

Mad

ia g

lom

erat

a TA

RWEE

D,M

OU

NTA

IN

UPL

,FA

CU

FACU

N

epet

a ca

taria

CA

TNIP

FA

CU-,F

ACW

- FA

CU

Mai

anth

emum

can

aden

se

WIL

D-L

ILY

-OF-

THE-

VA

LLEY

FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

N

upha

r lut

eum

CO

W-L

ILY

,YEL

LOW

O

BL

OBL

M

arru

bium

vul

gare

H

ORE

HO

UN

D,C

OM

MO

N

UPL

,FA

CW

- FA

C N

ymph

aea

odor

ata

WA

TER-

LILY

,WH

ITE

OBL

N

I M

arsil

ea v

estit

a FE

RN,H

AIR

Y W

ATE

R O

BL

OBL

N

ymph

aea

tube

rosa

W

ATE

R-LI

LY,W

HIT

E O

BL

NI

Mat

ricar

ia m

ariti

ma

MA

YW

EED

,FA

LSE

UPL

,FA

C FA

C O

enot

hera

bie

nnis

EVEN

ING

-PRI

MRO

SE,C

OM

MO

N

FACU

-,FA

CU+

FACU

M

atric

aria

mat

ricar

ioid

es

PIN

EAPP

LE-W

EED

U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU

Oen

othe

ra c

anes

cens

EV

ENIN

G-P

RIM

ROSE

,SPO

TTED

FA

C,FA

CW-

FAC

Mat

ricar

ia p

erfo

rata

M

AY

WEE

D,S

CEN

TLES

S U

PL,F

AC

FAC

Oen

othe

ra e

lata

EV

ENIN

G-P

RIM

ROSE

,HO

OK

ER'S

FA

CU-,F

ACW

N

I M

atte

ucci

a str

uthi

opte

ris

FERN

,OST

RICH

FA

CW

FACW

O

enot

hera

flav

a EV

ENIN

G-P

RIM

ROSE

,YEL

LOW

FA

C+,F

AC

W

FACW

M

edic

ago

lupu

lina

MED

IC,B

LACK

U

PL,F

AC

FACU

O

enot

hera

laci

niat

a EV

ENIN

G-P

RIM

ROSE

,CU

T-LE

AF

FACU

-,FA

C FA

CU

Mel

ilotu

s alb

a SW

EETC

LOV

ER,W

HIT

E FA

CU-,F

ACU

+ FA

CU-

Oen

othe

ra p

eren

nis

EVEN

ING

-PRI

MRO

SE,S

MA

LL

FAC-

,FA

C N

I M

elilo

tus o

ffic

inal

is SW

EETC

LOV

ER,Y

ELLO

W

FACU

-,FA

CU+

FACU

- O

enot

hera

rhom

bipe

tala

EV

ENIN

G-P

RIM

ROSE

,FO

UR-

POIN

T FA

CU-,F

ACU

FA

CU

Men

isper

mum

can

aden

se

MO

ON

SEED

,CA

NA

DA

FA

C N

I O

enot

hera

vill

osa

EVEN

ING

-PRI

MRO

SE,H

AIR

Y

FACU

,FA

CW

FACU

M

enth

a ar

vens

is M

INT,

FIEL

D

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Ono

clea

sens

ibili

s FE

RN,S

ENSI

TIV

E FA

CW

FACW

M

enth

a sp

icat

a SP

EARM

INT

FACW

,OBL

N

I O

phio

glos

sum

vul

gatu

m

AD

DER

'S-T

ON

GU

E,N

ORT

HER

N

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Men

yant

hes t

rifol

iata

BU

CKBE

AN

O

BL

OBL

O

rnith

ogal

um u

mbe

llatu

m

STA

R-O

F-BE

THLE

HEM

,CO

MM

ON

FA

CU,F

AC-

FA

CU

Mer

tens

ia c

iliat

a BL

UEB

ELLS

,STR

EAM

SID

E FA

CW,O

BL

FACW

O

roba

nche

uni

flora

BR

OO

MRA

PE,O

NE-

FLO

WER

U

PL,F

ACU

U

PL

Mic

roste

ris g

raci

lis

PHLO

X,F

ALS

E U

PL,F

AC-

U

PL

Orth

ocar

pus l

uteu

s O

WL'

S-CL

OV

ER,Y

ELLO

W

FACU

-,FA

CU

FACU

M

imul

us fl

orib

undu

s M

ON

KEY

-FLO

WER

,FLO

RIFE

ROU

S FA

CW+,

OBL

O

BL

Ory

zops

is hy

men

oide

s RI

CEG

RASS

,IND

IAN

U

PL,F

ACU

+ FA

CU

Mim

ulus

gla

brat

us

MO

NK

EY-F

LOW

ER,R

OU

ND

-LEA

F O

BL

OBL

O

smor

hiza

cla

yton

ii SW

EETC

ICEL

Y,H

AIR

Y

FACU

-,FA

C-

FACU

M

imul

us g

utta

tus

MO

NK

EY-F

LOW

ER,C

OM

MO

N L

ARG

E O

BL

OBL

O

smor

hiza

long

istyl

is SW

EETC

ICEL

Y,S

MO

OTH

ER

FACU

-,FA

CW

FACU

M

imul

us ri

ngen

s M

ON

KEY

-FLO

WER

,ALL

EGH

AN

Y

OBL

O

BL

Ostr

ya v

irgin

iana

H

OP-

HO

RNBE

AM

,EA

STER

N

FACU

-,FA

CU+

FACU

M

inua

rtia

rube

lla

STIT

CHW

ORT

,BO

REA

L U

PL,F

AC

FAC

Oxa

lis c

orni

cula

ta

WO

OD

SOR

REL,

CRE

EPIN

G

UPL

,FA

CU

FACU

M

irabi

lis n

ycta

gine

a FO

UR-

O'C

LOCK

,HEA

RT-L

EAF

UPL

,FA

CU

UPL

O

xalis

eur

opae

a W

OO

DSO

RRE

L,U

PRIG

HT

YEL

LOW

U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU

Mite

lla n

uda

BISH

OP'

S-CA

P,N

AK

ED

FAC,

OBL

O

BL

Oxy

tropi

s def

lexa

CR

AZY

-WEE

D,H

AN

GPO

D

FACU

,FA

CW

FACU

M

oehr

ingi

a la

terif

lora

SA

ND

WO

RT,G

ROV

E U

PL,F

AC

FACU

O

xytro

pis l

ambe

rtii

CRA

ZY-W

EED

,LA

MBE

RT'S

U

PL,F

ACU

U

PL

Mol

lugo

ver

ticill

ata

CARP

ET-W

EED

,GRE

EN

FAC-

,FA

C FA

C O

xytro

pis s

plen

dens

CR

AZY

-WEE

D,S

HO

WY

U

PL,F

AC

FACU

M

onar

da fi

stulo

sa

BERG

AM

OT,

WIL

D

UPL

,FA

C+

UPL

Pa

nicu

m c

apill

are

WIT

CHG

RASS

FA

CU,F

AC

FAC

Mon

olep

is nu

ttalli

ana

POV

ERTY

-WEE

D,N

UTT

ALL

'S

UPL

,FA

CW

FA

C Pa

nicu

m d

icho

tom

iflor

um

GRA

SS,F

ALL

PA

NIC

FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Mon

otro

pa u

niflo

ra

IND

IAN

-PIP

E U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU

Pani

cum

flex

ile

WIT

CHG

RASS

,WIR

Y

FACU

,FA

CW+

NI

Mor

us a

lba

MU

LBER

RY,W

HIT

E U

PL,F

AC

FACU

Pa

nicu

m v

irgat

um

SWIT

CHG

RASS

FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Muh

lenb

ergi

a as

perif

olia

M

UH

LY,A

LKA

LI

FACW

,FA

CW

+ FA

CW

Parie

taria

pen

sylv

anic

a PE

LLIT

ORY

,PEN

NSY

LVA

NIA

FA

CU-,F

ACW

- FA

CU

Muh

lenb

ergi

a fil

iform

is M

UH

LY,P

ULL

UP

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW

Parn

assia

gla

uca

GRA

SS-O

F-PA

RNA

SSU

S,W

AX

Y

OBL

O

BL

R

EGIO

N 4

LIS

T O

F PL

AN

TS

THA

T O

CC

UR

IN W

ET

LAN

DS

REG

ION

4 L

IST

OF

PLA

NT

S TH

AT

OC

CU

R IN

WE

TLA

ND

S Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s R

egio

nal

Indi

cato

r Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s R

egio

nal

Indi

cato

r Pa

rnas

sia p

alus

tris

GRA

SS-O

F-PA

RNA

SSU

S,N

ORT

HER

N

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Plat

anth

era

hype

rbor

ea

ORC

HID

,NO

RTH

ERN

GRE

EN

FACW

,FA

CW

+ FA

CW+

Parn

assia

par

viflo

ra

GRA

SS-O

F-PA

RNA

SSU

S,SM

ALL

-FL

OW

ER

OBL

O

BL

Plat

anth

era

leuc

opha

ea

ORC

HID

,PRA

IRIE

WH

ITE-

FRIN

GE

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW

Parth

enoc

issus

qui

nque

folia

CR

EEPE

R,V

IRG

INIA

FA

CU,F

AC

FAC

Plat

anth

era

orbi

cula

ta

ORC

HID

,LA

RGE

ROU

ND

-LEA

F FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

C Pa

rthen

ociss

us v

itace

a CR

EEPE

R,TH

ICK

ET

FACU

,FA

CW-

FACU

Pl

atan

ther

a str

icta

BO

GO

RCH

ID,S

LEN

DER

FA

CW

FACW

Pe

dicu

laris

can

aden

sis

LOU

SEW

ORT

,EA

RLY

WO

OD

FA

CU,F

AC+

FA

CU

Plat

anth

era

x cl

avel

lata

O

RCH

ID,S

MA

LL G

REEN

WO

OD

LAN

D

FACW

+,O

BL

OBL

Pe

dicu

laris

gra

yi

LOU

SEW

ORT

,GRA

Y

FACU

,FA

C FA

C Po

a am

pla

BLU

EGRA

SS,B

IG

UPL

,FA

C-

FAC-

Pe

dicu

laris

lanc

eola

ta

LOU

SEW

ORT

,SW

AM

P FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Po

a an

nua

BLU

EGRA

SS,A

NN

UA

L FA

CU,F

ACW

- FA

CU

Pens

tem

on d

igita

lis

BEA

RDTO

NG

UE,

FOX

GLO

VE

FAC-

,FA

CW

- FA

C Po

a ar

ida

BLU

EGRA

SS,P

LAIN

S U

PL,F

AC

FAC

Pens

tem

on g

raci

lis

BEA

RDTO

NG

UE,

SLEN

DER

U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU

Poa

com

pres

sa

BLU

EGRA

SS,C

AN

AD

A

FACU

-,FA

C FA

CU

Pens

tem

on p

roce

rus

BEA

RDTO

NG

UE,

SMA

LL-F

LOW

ER

FAC

NI

Poa

fend

lera

na

BLU

EGRA

SS,M

UTT

ON

U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU-

Pent

horu

m se

doid

es

DIT

CH-S

TON

ECRO

P O

BL

OBL

Po

a gl

auci

folia

BL

UEG

RASS

,SW

ALL

EN'S

FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

Pe

rider

idia

gai

rdne

ri Y

AM

PAH

,GA

IRD

NER

'S

FACU

,FA

CW

FACU

Po

a ju

ncifo

lia

BLU

EGRA

SS,A

LKA

LI

FACU

,FA

C FA

C Pe

tasit

es fr

igid

us

COLT

SFO

OT,

AR

CTIC

SW

EET

FAC,

FACW

FA

C Po

a ne

mor

alis

BLU

EGRA

SS,W

OO

DS

FAC-

,FA

CW

FA

C-

Peta

sites

pal

mat

us

COLT

SFO

OT,

SWEE

T FA

C,FA

CW+

FACW

+ Po

a ne

vade

nsis

BLU

EGRA

SS,N

EVA

DA

FA

CU-,F

ACW

FA

C Pe

tasit

es sa

gitta

tus

COLT

SFO

OT,

AR

ROW

-LEA

F SW

EET

FAC,

OBL

FA

CW+

Poa

palu

stris

BLU

EGRA

SS,F

OW

L FA

CU,F

ACW

+ FA

CW

Phal

aris

arun

dina

cea

GRA

SS,R

EED

CA

NA

RY

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW+

Poa

prat

ensis

BL

UEG

RASS

,KEN

TUCK

Y

FACU

,FA

C-

FACU

Ph

alar

is ca

narie

nsis

GRA

SS,C

OM

MO

N C

AN

ARY

U

PL,F

ACU

+ FA

CU

Poa

sylv

estri

s BL

UEG

RASS

,WO

OD

LAN

D

FACU

,FA

CW

FACU

Ph

leum

alp

inum

TI

MO

THY

,ALP

INE

FACU

,FA

CW

FACW

Po

a tri

vial

is BL

UEG

RASS

,RO

UG

H

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Phle

um p

rate

nse

TIM

OTH

Y

FACU

FA

CU

Pogo

nia o

phio

glos

soid

es

POG

ON

IA,R

OSE

O

BL

NI

Phlo

x di

varic

ata

PHLO

X,W

OO

DLA

ND

U

PL,F

ACU

U

PL

Pola

nisia

dod

ecan

dra

CLA

MM

Y-W

EED

,RO

UG

H-S

EED

U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU

Phlo

x ke

lseyi

PH

LOX

,KEL

SEY

'S

OBL

? N

I Po

lyga

la sa

ngui

nea

MIL

KW

ORT

,RED

FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

CW

Phlo

x pi

losa

PH

LOX

,DO

WN

Y

FACU

,FA

C N

I Po

lyga

la se

nega

SN

AK

ERO

OT,

SEN

ECA

FA

CU

FACU

Ph

ragm

ites a

ustra

lis

REED

,CO

MM

ON

FA

CW,F

AC

W+

FACW

Po

lyga

la v

ertic

illat

a M

ILK

WO

RT,W

HO

RLED

U

PL,F

AC-

U

PL

Phry

ma

lept

osta

chya

LO

PSEE

D,A

MER

ICA

N

UPL

,FA

C FA

C Po

lygo

natu

m b

iflor

um

SOLO

MO

N'S

-SEA

L,SM

ALL

U

PL,F

AC-

U

PL

Phyl

a cu

neifo

lia

FRO

G-F

RUIT

,WED

GE-

LEA

F FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Poly

gona

tum

com

mut

atum

SO

LOM

ON

'S-S

EAL,

GRE

AT

UPL

,FA

C U

PL

Phyl

a la

nceo

lata

FR

OG

-FRU

IT,L

AN

CE-L

EAF

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Poly

gonu

m a

chor

eum

K

NO

TWEE

D,L

EATH

ERY

FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

Ph

ysoc

arpu

s mon

ogyn

us

NIN

EBA

RK,M

OU

NTA

IN

UPL

,FA

C FA

CU

Poly

gonu

m a

mph

ibiu

m

SMA

RTW

EED

,WA

TER

OBL

O

BL

Phys

ocar

pus o

pulif

oliu

s N

INEB

ARK

,EA

STER

N

UPL

,FA

CW

- FA

CU

Poly

gonu

m a

vicu

lare

K

NO

TWEE

D,P

ROST

RATE

U

PL,F

AC

W

FACU

Ph

ysos

tegi

a pa

rvifl

ora

DRA

GO

N-H

EAD

,PU

RPL

E FA

CW-,O

BL

FACW

Po

lygo

num

con

volv

ulus

BI

ND

WEE

D,B

LACK

FA

CU-,F

AC

FAC

Phys

oste

gia

virg

inia

na

DRA

GO

N-H

EAD

,FA

LSE

FAC+

,OBL

O

BL

Poly

gonu

m d

ougl

asii

KN

OTW

EED

,DO

UG

LAS'

U

PL,F

AC

FAC

Pice

a gl

auca

SP

RUCE

,WH

ITE

FACU

FA

CU

Poly

gonu

m e

rect

um

KN

OTW

EED

,ERE

CT

FACU

-,OBL

O

BL

Picr

is ec

hioi

des

OX

TON

GU

E,BR

ISTL

Y

UPL

,FA

C U

PL

Poly

gonu

m h

ydro

pipe

r SM

ART

WEE

D,M

AR

SHPE

PPER

FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Pile

a fo

ntan

a CL

EARW

EED

,SPR

ING

S FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Po

lygo

num

hy

drop

iper

oide

s SM

ART

WEE

D,S

WA

MP

OBL

O

BL

Pile

a pu

mila

CL

EARW

EED

,CA

NA

DA

FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

Po

lygo

num

lapa

thifo

lium

W

ILLO

W-W

EED

FA

C,O

BL

OBL

Pi

nus c

onto

rta

PIN

E,LO

DG

E-PO

LE

FACU

-,FA

C FA

CU

Poly

gonu

m p

ensy

lvan

icum

SM

ART

WEE

D,P

ENN

SYLV

AN

IA

FACW

-,OBL

FA

CW

Pinu

s pon

dero

sa

PIN

E,PO

ND

ERO

SA

UPL

,FA

CU

UPL

Po

lygo

num

per

sicar

ia

THU

MB,

LAD

Y'S

FA

C,O

BL

FACW

Pi

peria

una

lasc

ensis

RE

INO

RCH

ID,A

LASK

A

UPL

,FA

C FA

C Po

lygo

num

pun

ctat

um

SMA

RTW

EED

,DO

TTED

FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Pl

agio

both

rys s

coul

eri

POPC

OR

N-F

LOW

ER,S

COU

LER

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW+

Poly

gonu

m ra

mos

issim

um

KN

OTW

EED

,BU

SHY

FA

CU-,F

ACW

FA

CU

Plan

tago

elo

ngat

a PL

AN

TAIN

,SLE

ND

ER

FAC,

FACW

+ FA

CW

Poly

gonu

m sa

gitta

tum

TE

ART

HU

MB,

AR

ROW

-LEA

F O

BL

OBL

Pl

anta

go e

riopo

da

PLA

NTA

IN,S

ALI

NE

FACU

,FA

CW

FAC

Poly

gonu

m sc

ande

ns

FALS

E-BU

CKW

HEA

T,CL

IMBI

NG

FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

CU

Plan

tago

lanc

eola

ta

PLA

NTA

IN,E

NG

LISH

U

PL,F

AC

FAC

Poly

gonu

m v

ivip

arum

K

NO

TWEE

D,V

IVIP

ARO

US

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Plan

tago

maj

or

PLA

NTA

IN,C

OM

MO

N

FACU

,FA

CW

FAC

Poly

pogo

n m

onsp

elie

nsis

GRA

SS,A

NN

UA

L RA

BBIT

-FO

OT

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Plan

tago

pat

agon

ica

PLA

NTA

IN,W

OO

LLY

U

PL,F

ACU

- U

PL

Poly

stich

um lo

nchi

tis

FERN

,NO

RTH

ERN

HO

LLY

U

PL,F

AC

FACU

- Pl

anta

go p

usill

a PL

AN

TAIN

,DW

ARF

U

PL,F

AC

NI

Popu

lus a

ngus

tifol

ia

COTT

ON

-WO

OD

,NA

RRO

W-L

EAF

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Plan

tago

ruge

lii

PLA

NTA

IN,B

LACK

-SEE

D

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Popu

lus b

alsa

mife

ra

POPL

AR,

BALS

AM

FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

CW

Plan

tago

virg

inic

a PL

AN

TAIN

,PA

LE-S

EED

U

PL,F

AC

W

FACU

- Po

pulu

s del

toid

es

COTT

ON

-WO

OD

,EA

STER

N

FAC,

FACW

FA

C Pl

atan

ther

a di

lata

ta

ORC

HID

,LEA

FY W

HIT

E FA

CW,F

AC

W+

FACW

Po

pulu

s tre

mul

a A

SPEN

,QU

AK

ING

FA

CU,F

AC+

FA

C Pl

atan

ther

a hy

perb

orea

O

RCH

ID,N

ORT

HER

N G

REEN

FA

CW,F

AC

W+

FACW

+ Po

pulu

s x a

cum

inat

a CO

TTO

N-W

OO

D,L

AN

CE-L

EAF

FAC,

FACW

FA

C Pl

atan

ther

a le

ucop

haea

O

RCH

ID,P

RAIR

IE W

HIT

E-FR

ING

E FA

CW,O

BL

FACW

Po

rtula

ca o

lera

cea

PURS

LAN

E,CO

MM

ON

FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

Pl

atan

ther

a or

bicu

lata

O

RCH

ID,L

ARG

E RO

UN

D-L

EAF

FACU

,FA

CW

FAC

Pota

mog

eton

alp

inus

PO

ND

WEE

D,A

LPIN

E O

BL

OBL

Pl

atan

ther

a str

icta

BO

GO

RCH

ID,S

LEN

DER

FA

CW

FACW

Po

tam

oget

on a

mpl

ifoliu

s PO

ND

WEE

D,L

ARG

E-LE

AF

OBL

O

BL

R

EGIO

N 4

LIS

T O

F PL

AN

TS

THA

T O

CC

UR

IN W

ET

LAN

DS

REG

ION

4 L

IST

OF

PLA

NT

S TH

AT

OC

CU

R IN

WE

TLA

ND

S Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s R

egio

nal

Indi

cato

r Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s R

egio

nal

Indi

cato

r Po

tam

oget

on c

rispu

s PO

ND

WEE

D,C

URL

Y

OBL

O

BL

Pyro

la ro

tund

ifolia

W

INTE

RGRE

EN,R

OU

ND

-LEA

F FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

Po

tam

oget

on d

iver

sifol

ius

PON

DW

EED

,WA

TER-

THRE

AD

O

BL

OBL

Py

rola

secu

nda

WIN

TERG

REEN

,ON

E-SI

DED

U

PL,F

AC

+ FA

CU

Pota

mog

eton

epi

hydr

us

PON

DW

EED

,RIB

BON

-LEA

F O

BL

OBL

Py

rola

uni

flora

W

INTE

RGRE

EN,O

NE-

FLO

WER

ED

FACU

,FA

C FA

C Po

tam

oget

on fi

lifor

mis

PON

DW

EED

,FIN

E-LE

AF

OBL

O

BL

Que

rcus

mac

roca

rpa

OA

K,B

UR

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Pota

mog

eton

folio

sus

PON

DW

EED

,LEA

FY

OBL

O

BL

Ranu

ncul

us a

borti

vus

BUTT

ER-C

UP,

SUBA

LPIN

E FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

Po

tam

oget

on fr

iesii

PO

ND

WEE

D,F

RIES

'S

OBL

O

BL

Ranu

ncul

us a

cris

BUTT

ER-C

UP,

TALL

FA

C+,F

AC

W

FACW

Po

tam

oget

on g

ram

ineu

s PO

ND

WEE

D,G

RASS

Y

OBL

O

BL

Ranu

ncul

us a

quat

ilis

BUTT

ER-C

UP,

WH

ITE

WA

TER

OBL

O

BL

Pota

mog

eton

illin

oens

is PO

ND

WEE

D,IL

LIN

OIS

O

BL

OBL

Ra

nunc

ulus

car

diop

hyllu

s BU

TTER

-CU

P,H

EART

-LEA

F FA

CW,F

AC

W+

FACW

Po

tam

oget

on n

atan

s PO

ND

WEE

D,F

LOA

TIN

G-L

EAF

OBL

O

BL

Ranu

ncul

us c

ymba

laria

BU

TTER

-CU

P,SE

ASI

DE

OBL

O

BL

Pota

mog

eton

nod

osus

PO

ND

WEE

D,L

ON

G-L

EAF

OBL

O

BL

Ranu

ncul

us fl

abel

laris

BU

TTER

-CU

P,Y

ELLO

W W

ATE

R O

BL

OBL

Po

tam

oget

on p

ectin

atus

PO

ND

WEE

D,S

AG

O

OBL

O

BL

Ranu

ncul

us fl

amm

ula

BUTT

ER-C

UP,

SPEA

RWO

RT

FACW

N

I Po

tam

oget

on p

rael

ongu

s PO

ND

WEE

D,W

HIT

E-ST

EM

OBL

O

BL

Ranu

ncul

us g

labe

rrim

us

BUTT

ER-C

UP,

SAG

EBRU

SH

FACU

,FA

C FA

C Po

tam

oget

on p

usill

us

PON

DW

EED

,SM

ALL

O

BL

OBL

Ra

nunc

ulus

gm

elin

ii BU

TTER

-CU

P,SM

ALL

YEL

LOW

WA

TER

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW+

Pota

mog

eton

rich

ards

onii

PON

DW

EED

,RIC

HA

RDSO

N

OBL

O

BL

Ranu

ncul

us h

ispid

us

BUTT

ER-C

UP,

BRIS

TLY

FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Pota

mog

eton

spiri

llus

PON

DW

EED

,SPI

RA

L O

BL

OBL

Ra

nunc

ulus

inam

oenu

s BU

TTER

-CU

P,G

RACE

FUL

FACW

-,FA

CW

FA

CW

Pota

mog

eton

stric

tifol

ius

PON

DW

EED

,NA

RRO

W-L

EAF

OBL

O

BL

Ranu

ncul

us lo

ngiro

stris

BUTT

ER-C

UP,

LON

G-B

EAK

WA

TER

OBL

O

BL

Pota

mog

eton

vag

inat

us

PON

DW

EED

,SH

EATH

ED

OBL

O

BL

Ranu

ncul

us m

acou

nii

BUTT

ER-C

UP,

MA

COU

N'S

FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Po

tam

oget

on z

oste

rifor

mis

PON

DW

EED

,FLA

T-ST

EM

OBL

O

BL

Ranu

ncul

us m

icra

nthu

s BU

TTER

-CU

P,RO

CK

FACU

,FA

C FA

C Po

tent

illa

anse

rina

SILV

ERW

EED

FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Ra

nunc

ulus

pen

sylv

anic

us

BUTT

ER-C

UP,

PEN

NSY

LVA

NIA

FA

CW,O

BL

FACW

+ Po

tent

illa

arge

ntea

CI

NQ

UEF

OIL

,SIL

VER

U

PL,F

AC-

FA

CU

Ranu

ncul

us re

curv

atus

BU

TTER

-CU

P,H

OO

KED

FA

C,FA

CW+

FAC

Pote

ntill

a ar

guta

CI

NQ

UEF

OIL

,TA

LL

UPL

,FA

CU+

FACU

Ra

nunc

ulus

scel

erat

us

BUTT

ER-C

UP,

CELE

RY-L

EAF

OBL

O

BL

Pote

ntill

a bi

enni

s CI

NQ

UEF

OIL

,BIE

NN

IAL

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Ranu

ncul

us se

pten

trion

alis

BUTT

ER-C

UP,

NO

RTH

ERN

SW

AM

P FA

CW+,

OBL

O

BL

Pote

ntill

a di

vers

ifolia

CI

NQ

UEF

OIL

,VA

RILE

AF

FACU

,FA

CW

FACW

Ra

nunc

ulus

subr

igid

us

BUTT

ER-C

UP,

PON

D

OBL

O

BL

Pote

ntill

a fr

utic

osa

CIN

QU

EFO

IL,S

HRU

BBY

FA

C-,F

AC

W

FACW

Ra

nunc

ulus

tric

hoph

yllu

s W

ATE

R-CR

OW

FOO

T,W

HIT

E O

BL

OBL

Po

tent

illa

glan

dulo

sa

CIN

QU

EFO

IL,G

LAN

D

FACU

,OBL

FA

C Rh

amnu

s aln

ifolia

BU

CKTH

ORN

,ALD

ER-L

EAF

FACU

,OBL

FA

CW

Pote

ntill

a gr

acili

s CI

NQ

UEF

OIL

,NO

RTH

WES

T FA

C-,F

AC

W

FAC

Rham

nus c

atha

rtica

BU

CKTH

ORN

,CO

MM

ON

U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU

Pote

ntill

a m

illeg

rana

CI

NQ

UEF

OIL

,DIF

FUSE

FA

C+,O

BL

OBL

Rh

amnu

s lan

ceol

ata

BUCK

THO

RN,L

AN

CE-L

EAF

NI

NI

Pote

ntill

a ni

colle

tii

CIN

QU

EFO

IL,N

ICO

LLET

'S

FAC,

FAC+

N

I Rh

us tr

iloba

ta

SUM

AC,

SMO

OTH

FA

C?

NI

Pote

ntill

a no

rveg

ica

CIN

QU

EFO

IL,N

ORW

EGIA

N

FACU

,FA

C FA

C Rh

ynch

ospo

ra a

lba

BEA

KRU

SH,W

HIT

E O

BL

NI

Pote

ntill

a pa

lustr

is CI

NQ

UEF

OIL

,MA

RSH

O

BL

NI

Rhyn

chos

pora

cap

illac

ea

BEA

KRU

SH,N

EED

LE

OBL

O

BL

Pote

ntill

a pa

rado

xa

CIN

QU

EFO

IL,B

USH

Y

FAC,

OBL

FA

CW

Ribe

s am

eric

anum

CU

RRA

NT,

WIL

D B

LACK

FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

Po

tent

illa

pent

andr

a CI

NQ

UEF

OIL

,FIV

E-ST

AM

EN

FACW

,FA

CW

+ N

I Ri

bes c

ereu

m

CURR

AN

T,W

HIT

E SQ

UA

W

FACU

? N

I Po

tent

illa

plat

tens

is CI

NQ

UEF

OIL

,PLA

TTE

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW+

Ribe

s hirt

ellu

m

GO

OSE

BERR

Y,H

AIR

Y-S

TEM

FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Pote

ntill

a riv

alis

CIN

QU

EFO

IL,B

ROO

K

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Ribe

s lac

ustre

CU

RRA

NT,

PRIC

KLY

FA

C,FA

CW

FACW

Pr

enan

thes

alb

a RA

TTLE

SNA

KE-

ROO

T,W

HIT

E FA

CU

FACU

Ri

bes o

dora

tum

CU

RRA

NT,

BUFF

ALO

FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

Pr

enan

thes

asp

era

RATT

LESN

AK

E-RO

OT,

ROU

GH

U

PL

UPL

Ri

bes s

etos

um

GO

OSE

BERR

Y,B

RIST

LY

FACW

? N

I Pr

enan

thes

race

mos

a RA

TTLE

SNA

KE-

ROO

T,G

LAU

COU

S FA

CU-,F

ACW

FA

CU

Ribe

s tris

te

CURR

AN

T,SW

AM

P RE

D

FAC,

OBL

O

BL

Prim

ula

inca

na

PRIM

ROSE

,AM

ERIC

AN

FA

CW,O

BL

FACW

Ro

bini

a ps

eudo

acac

ia

LOCU

ST,B

LAC

K

UPL

,FA

C U

PL

Prob

osci

dea

loui

siani

ca

UN

ICO

RN-P

LAN

T,LO

UIS

IAN

A

UPL

,FA

C+

FACU

Ro

rippa

aus

triac

a Y

ELLO

W-C

RESS

,AU

STRI

AN

FA

C-,F

AC

W

FACW

Pr

unel

la v

ulga

ris

HEA

L-A

LL

FACU

,FA

CW

FACW

Ro

rippa

cal

ycin

a Y

ELLO

W-C

RESS

,PER

SIST

ENT-

SEPA

L FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Pr

unus

am

eric

ana

PLU

M,A

MER

ICA

N

UPL

,FA

CU

UPL

Ro

rippa

cur

vipe

s Y

ELLO

W-C

RESS

,BLU

NT-

LEA

F FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Pr

unus

pen

sylv

anic

a CH

ERRY

,FIR

E FA

CU-,F

AC-

FA

CU+

Rorip

pa p

alus

tris

YEL

LOW

-CRE

SS,B

OG

FA

C,O

BL

OBL

Pr

unus

sero

tina

CHER

RY,B

LACK

FA

CU

FACU

Ro

rippa

sinu

ata

YEL

LOW

-CRE

SS,S

PREA

DIN

G

FAC+

,FA

CW

FA

CW

Prun

us v

irgin

iana

CH

ERRY

,CH

OK

E FA

CU-,F

AC

FACU

- Ro

rippa

sylv

estri

s Y

ELLO

W-C

RESS

,CRE

EPIN

G

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW+

Pter

idiu

m a

quili

num

FE

RN,B

RACK

EN

FACU

,FA

C-

FACU

Ro

rippa

tene

rrim

a Y

ELLO

W-C

RESS

,MO

DO

C CO

UN

TY

FAC

FAC

Ptili

mni

um c

apill

aceu

m

BISH

OP-

WEE

D,H

AIR

-LIK

E M

OCK

FA

CW,O

BL

NI

Rorip

pa tr

unca

ta

YEL

LOW

-CRE

SS,W

ILD

FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Pucc

inel

lia a

iroid

es

GRA

SS,N

UTT

ALL

ALK

ALI

FA

CW,O

BL

FACW

Ro

sa a

cicu

laris

RO

SE,P

RICK

LY

FACU

FA

CU

Pucc

inel

lia d

istan

s G

RASS

,WEE

PIN

G A

LKA

LI

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW

Rosa

ark

ansa

na

ROSE

,PRA

IRIE

FA

C?

NI

Pucc

inel

lia n

utta

llian

a G

RASS

,NU

TTA

LL'S

ALK

ALI

FA

C,O

BL

OBL

Ro

sa b

land

a RO

SE,S

MO

OTH

FA

CU-,F

ACU

FA

CU

Pucc

inel

lia p

auci

flora

G

RASS

,WEA

K M

AN

NA

FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Ro

sa m

ultif

lora

RO

SE,M

ULT

IFLO

RA

UPL

,FA

CU

NI

Pycn

anth

emum

virg

inia

num

M

OU

NTA

IN-M

INT,

VIR

GIN

IA

FAC,

FACW

+ FA

C Ro

sa w

oods

ii RO

SE,W

OO

DS

UPL

,FA

C-

FACU

Py

rola

asa

rifol

ia

WIN

TERG

REEN

,PIN

K

FACU

,FA

CW

FACU

Ro

tala

ram

osio

r TO

OTH

CUP

OBL

N

I

Pyro

la c

hlor

anth

a W

INTE

RGRE

EN,G

REEN

ISH

-FL

OW

ER

UPL

,FA

CW

FA

CU

Rubu

s ida

eus

RASP

BERR

Y,C

OM

MO

N R

ED

UPL

,FA

C FA

CU

R

EGIO

N 4

LIS

T O

F PL

AN

TS

THA

T O

CC

UR

IN W

ET

LAN

DS

REG

ION

4 L

IST

OF

PLA

NT

S TH

AT

OC

CU

R IN

WE

TLA

ND

S Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s R

egio

nal

Indi

cato

r Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s R

egio

nal

Indi

cato

r Ru

bus p

arvi

floru

s TH

IMBL

E-BE

RRY

,WES

TER

N

FACU

,FA

C+

FACU

Sa

mbu

cus r

acem

osa

ELD

ER,E

URO

PEA

N R

ED

FACU

,FA

CU+

FACU

Ru

bus p

ubes

cens

BL

ACK

BERR

Y,D

WA

RF

FAC,

FACW

+ FA

CW

Sang

uina

ria c

anad

ensis

BL

OO

DRO

OT

UPL

,FA

CU-

NI

Rubu

s stri

gosu

s RA

SPBE

RRY

,RED

FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

CW

Sani

cula

can

aden

sis

BLA

CK-S

NA

KER

OO

T,CA

NA

DIA

N

UPL

,FA

CU+

UPL

* Ru

dbec

kia

hirta

SU

SAN

,BLA

CK-E

YED

FA

CU-,F

ACU

FA

CU

Sani

cula

gre

garia

BL

ACK

-SN

AK

ERO

OT,

CLU

STER

ED

FACU

,FA

C+

FAC

Rudb

ecki

a la

cini

ata

CON

EFLO

WER

,CU

T-LE

AF

FACU

,FA

CW+

FACU

Sa

nicu

la m

arila

ndic

a BL

ACK

-SN

AK

ERO

OT

FACU

? N

I Ru

mex

ace

tose

lla

SORR

EL,S

HEE

P U

PL,F

AC

W

FAC

Sapo

naria

off

icin

alis

BOU

NCI

NG

-BET

U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU

Rum

ex a

ltiss

imus

D

OCK

,PA

LE

FAC,

FACW

+ FA

C Sa

rcob

atus

ver

mic

ulat

us

GRE

ASE

WO

OD

,BLA

CK

FACU

,FA

CU+

FACU

Ru

mex

brit

anni

ca

DO

CK,G

REA

T W

ATE

R FA

CW+,

OBL

O

BL

Saxi

frag

a ce

rnua

SA

XIF

RAG

E,N

OD

DIN

G

UPL

,FA

CW

U

PL

Rum

ex c

rispu

s D

OCK

,CU

RLY

FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

CW

Saxi

frag

a oc

cide

ntal

is SA

XIF

RAG

E,W

ESTE

RN

FAC

FAC

Rum

ex d

omes

ticus

D

OCK

,DO

ORY

ARD

FA

CU,F

AC+

FA

C+

Sche

uchz

eria

pal

ustri

s PO

D-G

RASS

O

BL

NI

Rum

ex fu

egin

us

DO

CK,S

EA-S

IDE

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW

Schi

zach

ne p

urpu

rasc

ens

MEL

IC,F

ALS

E U

PL,F

AC

FACU

Ru

mex

mar

itim

us

DO

CK,G

OLD

EN

FACW

-,OBL

FA

CW+

Schi

zach

yriu

m sc

opar

ium

BL

UES

TEM

,LIT

TLE

FACU

-,FA

CU+

FACU

Ru

mex

mex

ican

us

DO

CK,M

EXIC

AN

FA

C-,F

AC

W

FACW

Sc

irpus

acu

tus

BULR

USH

,HA

RD-S

TEM

O

BL

OBL

Ru

mex

obt

usifo

lius

DO

CK,B

ITTE

R FA

CU-,F

ACW

FA

C+

Scirp

us a

mer

ican

us

BULR

USH

,OLN

EY'S

O

BL

OBL

Ru

mex

occ

iden

talis

D

OCK

,WES

TERN

FA

CW+,

OBL

O

BL

Scirp

us a

trovi

rens

BU

LRU

SH,G

REEN

O

BL

OBL

Ru

mex

orb

icul

atus

D

OCK

,GRE

AT

WA

TER

OBL

O

BL

Scirp

us c

yper

inus

W

OO

L-G

RASS

FA

CW+,

OBL

O

BL

Rum

ex st

enop

hyllu

s D

OCK

,NA

RRO

W-L

EAF

FACW

-,FA

CW

+ FA

CW+

Scirp

us fl

uvia

tilis

BULR

USH

,RIV

ER

OBL

O

BL

Rum

ex tr

iang

uliv

alvi

s D

OCK

,TRI

AN

GU

LAR-

VA

LVE

FACU

,FA

CW

FAC+

Sc

irpus

hal

lii

BULR

USH

,HA

LL'S

O

BL

OBL

Ru

mex

ven

osus

D

OCK

,VEI

NY

U

PL,F

AC

W

FAC

Scirp

us h

eter

ocha

etus

BU

LRU

SH,S

LEN

DER

O

BL

OBL

Ru

ppia

mar

itim

a W

IDG

EON

-GRA

SS

OBL

O

BL

Scirp

us m

ariti

mus

BU

LRU

SH,S

ALT

MA

RSH

O

BL

NI

Sagi

na sa

gino

ides

PE

ARL

WO

RT,A

RCTI

C FA

C,O

BL

FACW

Sc

irpus

mic

roca

rpus

BU

LRU

SH,S

MA

LL-F

RUIT

O

BL

OBL

Sa

gitta

ria b

revi

rostr

a A

RRO

W-H

EAD

,SH

ORT

-BEA

K

OBL

O

BL

Scirp

us n

evad

ensis

BU

LRU

SH,N

EVA

DA

O

BL

OBL

Sa

gitta

ria c

alyc

ina

ARR

OW

-HEA

D,H

OO

DED

O

BL

OBL

Sc

irpus

pal

lidus

BU

LRU

SH,C

LOA

KED

O

BL

OBL

Sa

gitta

ria c

unea

ta

ARR

OW

-HEA

D,N

ORT

HER

N

OBL

O

BL

Scirp

us p

endu

lus

BULR

USH

,DRO

OPI

NG

O

BL

OBL

Sa

gitta

ria e

ngel

man

nian

a A

RRO

W-H

EAD

,EN

GEL

MA

NN

O

BL

OBL

Sc

irpus

pun

gens

BU

LRU

SH,T

HRE

E-SQ

UA

RE

FACW

+,O

BL

OBL

Sa

gitta

ria g

ram

inea

A

RRO

W-H

EAD

,GRA

SS-L

EAF

OBL

O

BL

Scirp

us v

alid

us

BULR

USH

,SO

FT-S

TEM

O

BL

OBL

Sa

gitta

ria la

tifol

ia

ARR

OW

-HEA

D,B

RO

AD

-LEA

F O

BL

OBL

Sc

oloc

hloa

festu

cace

a SP

RAN

GLE

-TO

P O

BL

OBL

Sa

gitta

ria m

onte

vide

nsis

ARR

OW

-HEA

D,L

ON

G-L

OBE

D

OBL

O

BL

Scro

phul

aria

lanc

eola

ta

FIG

WO

RT,L

AN

CE-L

EAF

UPL

,FA

CW

FA

C-

Salic

orni

a ru

bra

SALT

WO

RT,R

ED

OBL

O

BL

Scro

phul

aria

mar

iland

ica

SQU

ARE

,CA

RPEN

TER'

S FA

CU-

NI

Salix

alb

a W

ILLO

W,W

HIT

E FA

CW-,F

AC

W

FACW

Sc

utel

laria

gal

eric

ulat

a SK

ULL

CAP,

HO

OD

ED

FACW

+,O

BL

OBL

Sa

lix a

myg

dalo

ides

W

ILLO

W,P

EACH

-LEA

F FA

CW

FACW

Sc

utel

laria

late

riflo

ra

SKU

LLCA

P,BL

UE

FACW

,OBL

FA

CW

Salix

beb

bian

a W

ILLO

W,B

EBB

FAC,

FACW

+ FA

CW

Scut

ella

ria p

arvu

la

SKU

LLCA

P,SM

ALL

U

PL,F

ACU

N

I Sa

lix c

andi

da

WIL

LOW

,HO

ARY

O

BL

OBL

Se

neci

o au

reus

RA

GW

ORT

,GO

LDEN

FA

CW

FACW

Sa

lix c

orda

ta

WIL

LOW

,HEA

RT-L

EAF

FAC,

FACW

N

I Se

neci

o co

nges

tus

GRO

UN

DSE

L,M

AR

SH

FACW

,FA

CW

+ FA

CW+

Salix

disc

olor

W

ILLO

W,P

USS

Y

FACW

FA

CW

Sene

cio

cras

sulu

s G

ROU

ND

SEL,

THIC

K-L

EAF

FACU

,OBL

O

BL

Salix

erio

ceph

ala

WIL

LOW

,MIS

SOU

RI R

IVER

FA

CW

FACW

Se

neci

o er

emop

hilu

s G

ROU

ND

SEL,

DES

ERT

UPL

,OBL

FA

C Sa

lix e

xigu

a W

ILLO

W,S

AN

DBA

R FA

CW,O

BL

FACW

+ Se

neci

o hy

drop

hilu

s G

ROU

ND

SEL,

WA

TER

OBL

O

BL

Salix

frag

ilis

WIL

LOW

,CRA

CK

FAC,

FAC+

FA

C Se

neci

o in

tege

rrim

us

GRO

UN

DSE

L,LA

MBS

TON

GU

E FA

C,FA

CW-

FAC

Salix

hum

ilis

WIL

LOW

,TA

LL P

RAIR

IE

FACU

FA

CU

Sene

cio

paup

ercu

lus

GRO

UN

DSE

L,BA

LSA

M

FAC,

FACW

+ FA

C Sa

lix la

siand

ra

WIL

LOW

,PA

CIFI

C FA

CW,O

BL

FACW

+ Se

neci

o pl

atte

nsis

GRO

UN

DSE

L,PR

AIR

IE

UPL

,FA

CU

FACU

- Sa

lix lu

cida

W

ILLO

W,S

HIN

ING

FA

CW,F

AC

W+

FACW

Se

neci

o ps

euda

ureu

s G

ROU

ND

SEL,

GO

LDEN

FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

CW

Salix

lute

a W

ILLO

W,Y

ELLO

W

FACW

+,O

BL

FACW

+ Se

neci

o vu

lgar

is G

ROU

ND

SEL,

COM

MO

N

UPL

,FA

C FA

C Sa

lix m

ontic

ola

WIL

LOW

,MO

UN

TAIN

FA

C,O

BL

OBL

Se

taria

fabe

ri G

RASS

,JAPA

NES

E BR

ISTL

E U

PL,F

ACU

+ U

PL

Salix

ped

icel

laris

W

ILLO

W,B

OG

U

PL,O

BL

NI

Seta

ria g

lauc

a G

RASS

,YEL

LOW

BRI

STLE

FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

Sa

lix p

etio

laris

W

ILLO

W,M

EAD

OW

FA

CW+,

OBL

O

BL

Seta

ria it

alic

a G

RASS

,FO

X-T

AIL

BRI

STLE

FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

Sa

lix p

lani

folia

W

ILLO

W,D

IAM

ON

D-L

EAF

FACW

,OBL

O

BL

Seta

ria v

ertic

illat

a G

RASS

,BU

R B

RIST

LE

FACU

,FA

C FA

C Sa

lix p

seud

omon

ticol

a W

ILLO

W,P

AR

K

FACW

FA

CW

Shep

herd

ia c

anad

ensis

BU

FFA

LO-B

ERRY

,CA

NA

DA

N

I N

I Sa

lix ri

gida

W

ILLO

W,H

EART

-LEA

F U

PL,O

BL

FACW

Si

cyos

ang

ulat

us

BUR-

CUCU

MBE

R,O

NE-

SEED

FA

CU,F

ACW

- FA

C Sa

lix sc

oule

rana

W

ILLO

W,S

COU

LER

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Sile

ne m

enzi

esii

CAM

PIO

N,M

ENZI

ES'

UPL

,FA

C U

PL

Salix

seris

sima

WIL

LOW

,AU

TUM

N

OBL

O

BL

Sile

ne n

ivea

CA

MPI

ON

,SN

OW

Y

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Salso

la k

ali

THIS

TLE,

RUSS

IAN

FA

CU-,F

ACU

+ FA

CU-

Silp

hium

per

folia

tum

CU

P-PL

AN

T FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

CW

Salso

la p

estif

er

THIS

TLE,

RUSS

IAN

FA

CU-,F

ACU

FA

CU-

Sisy

mbr

ium

alti

ssim

um

MU

STA

RD,T

ALL

TU

MBL

E U

PL,F

AC

UPL

Sa

mbu

cus c

anad

ensis

EL

DER

,AM

ERIC

AN

U

PL,F

AC

W

FAC

Sisy

rinch

ium

angu

stifo

lium

BL

UE-

EYE-

GRA

SS,P

OIN

TED

FA

CU,F

ACW

- FA

CU

R

EGIO

N 4

LIS

T O

F PL

AN

TS

THA

T O

CC

UR

IN W

ET

LAN

DS

REG

ION

4 L

IST

OF

PLA

NT

S TH

AT

OC

CU

R IN

WE

TLA

ND

S Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s R

egio

nal

Indi

cato

r Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s R

egio

nal

Indi

cato

r Si

syrin

chiu

m m

onta

num

BL

UE-

EYE-

GRA

SS,S

TRIC

T FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

C St

ella

ria c

alyc

anth

a ST

ARW

ORT

,NO

RTH

ERN

FA

CW,O

BL

NI

Sisy

rinch

ium

muc

rona

tum

BL

UE-

EYE-

GRA

SS,M

ICH

AU

X'S

FA

C+,F

AC

W-

FAC+

St

ella

ria c

rass

ifolia

ST

ARW

ORT

,FLE

SHY

FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Si

tani

on h

ystri

x SQ

UIR

REL-

TAIL

,BO

TTLE

BRU

SH

UPL

,FA

CU

FACU

St

ella

ria g

ram

inea

ST

ARW

ORT

,LES

SER

UPL

,FA

C FA

CU

Sium

suav

e W

ATE

R-PA

RSN

IP,H

EMLO

CK

OBL

O

BL

Stel

laria

long

ifolia

ST

ARW

ORT

,LO

NG

-LEA

F FA

C,O

BL

FACW

Sm

ilaci

na ra

cem

osa

FALS

E-SO

LOM

ON

'S-S

EAL,

FEA

THER

FA

CU-,F

AC

FAC

Stel

laria

long

ipes

ST

ARW

ORT

,LO

NG

-STA

LK

FACU

-,OBL

O

BL

Smila

cina

stel

lata

FA

LSE-

SOLO

MO

N'S

-SEA

L,ST

ARR

Y

FACU

,FA

CW

FACU

St

ella

ria m

edia

CH

ICK

WEE

D,C

OM

MO

N

UPL

,FA

CU

UPL

Sm

ilax

herb

acea

CA

RRIO

N-F

LOW

ER,S

MO

OTH

FA

C FA

C St

ipa

richa

rdso

nii

GRA

SS,R

ICH

AR

DSO

N'S

NEE

DLE

N

I N

I Sm

ilax

hisp

ida

GRE

ENBR

IER,

BRIS

TLY

FA

C,FA

C+

FAC

Stre

ptop

us a

mpl

exifo

lius

TWIS

TED

-STA

LK,C

LASP

-LEA

F U

PL,O

BL

OBL

So

lanu

m a

mer

ican

um

NIG

HTS

HA

DE,

BLA

CK

FACU

-,FA

C FA

C St

roph

osty

les h

elvo

la

WIL

DBE

AN

,TRA

ILIN

G

FACU

-,FA

C+

FAC

Sola

num

car

olin

ense

N

IGH

TSH

AD

E,CA

ROLI

NA

U

PL,F

ACU

U

PL

Suae

da d

epre

ssa

SEEP

WEE

D,P

UR

SH

FACW

-,FA

CW

+ FA

CW

Sola

num

dul

cam

ara

NIG

HTS

HA

DE,

CLIM

BIN

G

FACU

,FA

C+

FACU

Su

aeda

inte

rmed

ia

SEEP

WEE

D,A

LKA

LI

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Sola

num

nig

rum

N

IGH

TSH

AD

E,BL

ACK

FA

CU-,F

ACU

+ FA

CU

Suck

leya

suck

leya

na

SUCK

LEY

A,P

OIS

ON

FA

C,O

BL

OBL

So

lidag

o al

tissim

a G

OLD

EN-R

OD

,TA

LL

FACU

-,FA

CU+

FACU

Su

lliva

ntia

hap

eman

ii SU

LLIV

AN

TIA

N

I N

I So

lidag

o ca

nade

nsis

GO

LDEN

-RO

D,C

AN

AD

A

FACU

,FA

CU+

FACU

Sw

ertia

radi

ata

DEE

R-EA

RS

UPL

,FA

CU-

FACU

- So

lidag

o el

onga

ta

GO

LDEN

-RO

D,C

REEK

FA

CU,F

AC-

N

I Sy

mph

oric

arpo

s alb

us

SNO

WBE

RRY

U

PL,F

ACU

+ FA

CU-

Solid

ago

flexi

caul

is G

OLD

EN-R

OD

,ZIG

ZAG

FA

CU

FACU

Sy

mph

oric

arpo

s orb

icul

atus

CO

RAL-

BER

RY

UPL

,FA

C-

NI

Solid

ago

giga

ntea

G

OLD

EN-R

OD

,GIA

NT

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Sym

phor

icar

pos o

reop

hilu

s SN

OW

BERR

Y,M

OU

NTA

IN

UPL

,FA

CU

UPL

* So

lidag

o rid

delli

i G

OLD

EN-R

OD

,RID

DEL

L'S

OBL

O

BL

Tam

arix

chi

nens

is TA

MA

RISK

,CH

INES

E FA

CW

FACW

So

lidag

o rig

ida

GO

LDEN

-RO

D,S

TIFF

U

PL,F

ACU

FA

CU-

Tam

arix

ram

osiss

ima

SALT

CED

AR

FAC,

FACW

N

I So

nchu

s arv

ensis

SO

WTH

ISTL

E,FI

ELD

U

PL,F

AC

FAC

Tara

xacu

m o

ffici

nale

D

AN

DEL

ION

,CO

MM

ON

FA

CU-,F

ACU

+ FA

CU

Sonc

hus a

sper

SO

WTH

ISTL

E,PR

ICK

LY

FACU

,FA

CW

FACW

Te

ucriu

m c

anad

ense

G

ERM

AN

DER

,AM

ERIC

AN

FA

C+,F

AC

W

FACW

So

nchu

s ole

race

us

SOW

THIS

TLE,

COM

MO

N

UPL

,FA

CU

FACU

Th

alic

trum

das

ycar

pum

M

EAD

OW

-RU

E,PU

RPLE

FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Sorb

us sc

opul

ina

MO

UN

TAIN

-ASH

,GRE

ENE'

S FA

CU?

NI

Thal

ictru

m d

ioic

um

MEA

DO

W-R

UE,

EARL

Y

FACU

+,FA

CW

FA

CW

Sorg

hastr

um n

utan

s G

RASS

,IND

IAN

U

PL,F

AC

W

FACU

Th

elyp

odiu

m in

tegr

ifoliu

m

THEL

YPO

DY

,EN

TIRE

-LEA

F FA

CU-,F

ACW

FA

CW

Sorg

hum

bic

olor

BR

OO

M-C

ORN

U

PL,F

AC

NI

Thel

ypte

ris th

elyp

tero

ides

FE

RN,M

ARS

H

FACW

+,O

BL

OBL

So

rghu

m h

alep

ense

G

RASS

,JOH

NSO

N

FACU

,FA

CU+

FACU

Th

erm

opsis

rhom

bifo

lia

FALS

E-LU

PIN

E,RO

UN

D-L

EAF

UPL

,FA

C U

PL

Spar

gani

um a

ndro

clad

um

BURR

EED

,BRA

NCH

ING

O

BL

NI

Thla

spi a

rven

se

PEN

NY

-CRE

SS,F

IELD

FA

CU?

NI

Spar

gani

um c

hlor

ocar

pum

BU

RREE

D,G

REEN

FRU

IT

OBL

O

BL

Tilia

am

eric

ana

BASS

WO

OD

,AM

ERIC

AN

FA

CU

FACU

Sp

arga

nium

em

ersu

m

BURR

EED

,NA

RRO

W-L

EAF

OBL

O

BL

Toxi

code

ndro

n ra

dica

ns

IVY

,PO

ISO

N

FACU

,FA

CW

FACU

Sp

arga

nium

eur

ycar

pum

BU

RREE

D,G

IAN

T O

BL

OBL

To

xico

dend

ron

rydb

ergi

i IV

Y,R

YD

BERG

PO

ISO

N

FACU

,FA

CW

FACU

Sp

artin

a gr

acili

s CO

RDG

RASS

,ALK

ALI

FA

CW

FACW

Tr

ades

cant

ia b

ract

eata

SP

IDER

-WO

RT,L

ON

G-B

RACT

U

PL,F

AC

FAC

Spar

tina

pect

inat

a CO

RDG

RASS

,PRA

IRIE

FA

CW,O

BL

FACW

Tr

ades

cant

ia o

ccid

enta

lis

SPID

ER-W

ORT

,PRA

IRIE

U

PL,F

AC

W

UPL

Sp

ergu

laria

mar

ina

SAN

DSP

UR

RY,S

ALT

MA

RSH

O

BL

OBL

Tr

ifoliu

m b

eckw

ithii

CLO

VER

,BEC

KW

ITH

'S

FAC,

FAC+

FA

C+

Spha

erop

hysa

salsu

la

SWA

INSO

NPE

A,A

LKA

LI

UPL

,FA

C N

I Tr

ifoliu

m d

ubiu

m

CLO

VER

,SU

CKLI

NG

U

PL,F

ACU

U

PL

Sphe

noph

olis

obtu

sata

W

EDG

EGRA

SS,P

RAIR

IE

FAC-

,FA

CW

+ FA

C Tr

ifoliu

m fr

agife

rum

CL

OV

ER,S

TRA

WBE

RRY

FA

CU,F

ACW

- FA

C Sp

iraea

alb

a M

EAD

OW

-SW

EET,

NA

RRO

W-L

EAF

FACW

,FA

CW

+ FA

CW

Trifo

lium

hyb

ridum

CL

OV

ER,A

LSIK

E FA

CU-,F

AC

FACU

Sp

iraea

bet

ulifo

lia

MEA

DO

W-S

WEE

T,W

HIT

E FA

C-?

NI

Trifo

lium

pra

tens

e CL

OV

ER,R

ED

FACU

-,FA

C FA

CU

Spira

nthe

s cer

nua

LAD

IES'

-TRE

SSES

,NO

DD

ING

FA

CW-,F

AC

W+

FACW

Tr

ifoliu

m re

pens

CL

OV

ER,W

HIT

E FA

CU-,F

AC

FACU

Sp

irant

hes m

agni

cam

poru

m

LAD

IES'

-TRE

SSES

,GRE

AT

PLA

INS

UPL

,FA

C FA

C Tr

ifoliu

m re

supi

natu

m

CLO

VER

,PER

SIA

N

UPL

,FA

CU+

FACU

+ Sp

irant

hes r

oman

zoff

iana

LA

DIE

S'-T

RESS

ES,H

OO

DED

FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

Tr

iglo

chin

con

cinn

um

ARR

OW

-GRA

SS,U

TAH

O

BL

OBL

Sp

irant

hes v

erna

lis

LAD

IES'

-TRE

SSES

,SPR

ING

FA

C,FA

CW-

FACW

- Tr

iglo

chin

mar

itim

um

ARR

OW

-GRA

SS,S

EASI

DE

OBL

O

BL

Spiro

dela

pol

yrhi

za

DU

CKW

EED

,GRE

ATE

R O

BL

OBL

Tr

iglo

chin

pal

ustre

A

RRO

W-G

RASS

,MA

RSH

O

BL

OBL

Sp

orob

olus

airo

ides

SA

CATO

N,A

LKA

LI

FAC-

,FA

C+

FAC

Trill

ium

cer

nuum

TR

ILLI

UM

,NO

DD

ING

FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Spor

obol

us a

sper

D

ROPS

EED

,TA

LL

UPL

,FA

CU

FACU

Tr

illiu

m fl

exip

es

TRIL

LIU

M,W

HIT

E FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

Spor

obol

us c

rypt

andr

us

DRO

PSEE

D,S

AN

D

UPL

,FA

CU

FACU

Tr

ioda

nis p

erfo

liata

V

ENU

S'-L

OO

KIN

G-G

LASS

,CLA

SP-

LEA

F U

PL,F

AC

FAC

Spor

obol

us h

eter

olep

is D

ROPS

EED

,PRA

IRIE

U

PL,F

ACU

U

PL

Trise

tum

spic

atum

FA

LSE-

OA

TS,S

PIK

ED

UPL

,FA

CW

- FA

CU

Spor

obol

us n

egle

ctus

D

ROPS

EED

,PU

FFSH

EATH

U

PL,F

ACU

- U

PL

Typh

a an

gusti

folia

CA

TTA

IL,N

ARR

OW

-LEA

F O

BL

OBL

Sp

orob

olus

vag

inifl

orus

D

ROPS

EED

,PO

VER

TY

UPL

,FA

CU

UPL

Ty

pha

latif

olia

CA

TTA

IL,B

ROA

D-L

EAF

OBL

O

BL

Stac

hys a

sper

a H

EDG

ENET

TLE,

ROU

GH

FA

C+,F

AC

W+

FACW

U

lmus

am

eric

ana

ELM

,AM

ERIC

AN

FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Stac

hys h

ispid

a H

EDG

ENET

TLE,

SMO

OTH

FA

C,O

BL

FAC

Ulm

us ru

bra

ELM

,SLI

PPER

Y

FAC

FAC

Stac

hys h

ysso

pifo

lia

HED

GEN

ETTL

E,H

YSS

OP-

LEA

F FA

CW+,

OBL

N

I U

lmus

thom

asii

ELM

,RO

CK

UPL

,FA

C+

FACU

- St

achy

s pal

ustri

s H

EDG

ENET

TLE,

MA

RSH

FA

CW,O

BL

OBL

U

rtica

dio

ica

NET

TLE,

STIN

GIN

G

FACU

,FA

CW

FACW

St

achy

s ten

uifo

lia

HED

GEN

ETTL

E,SM

OO

TH

FACW

-,OBL

FA

CW

Utri

cula

ria in

term

edia

BL

AD

DER

WO

RT,F

LAT-

LEA

F O

BL

OBL

R

EGIO

N 4

LIS

T O

F PL

AN

TS

THA

T O

CC

UR

IN W

ET

LAN

DS

REG

ION

4 L

IST

OF

PLA

NT

S TH

AT

OC

CU

R IN

WE

TLA

ND

S Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s R

egio

nal

Indi

cato

r Sc

ient

ific

Nam

e C

omm

on N

ame

Nat

iona

l Ran

ge

Of I

ndic

ator

s R

egio

nal

Indi

cato

r U

tricu

laria

mac

rorh

iza

BLA

DD

ERW

ORT

,CO

MM

ON

O

BL

OBL

Zi

zani

a aq

uatic

a W

ILD

RICE

,AN

NU

AL

OBL

O

BL

Utri

cula

ria m

inor

BL

AD

DER

WO

RT,L

ESSE

R O

BL

OBL

Zi

zia

apte

ra

ALE

XA

ND

ERS,

HEA

RT-L

EAF

FACU

,FA

CW-

FACW

- U

vula

ria se

ssili

folia

BE

LLW

ORT

,SES

SILE

-LEA

F FA

CU-,F

AC+

FA

CU

Zizi

a au

rea

ALE

XA

ND

ERS,

GO

LDEN

FA

C-,F

AC

+ FA

C-

Vac

cini

um m

embr

anac

eum

BL

UEB

ERRY

,BIG

FA

CU,F

ACU

+ FA

CU

Zoste

rella

dub

ia

STA

R-G

RASS

,WA

TER

OBL

O

BL

Vac

cini

um sc

opar

ium

G

ROU

SEBE

RRY

FA

CU-,F

ACU

+ FA

CU

Val

eria

na a

cutil

oba

VA

LERI

AN

,SH

ARP

-LEA

F FA

CU,F

AC

FAC

Val

eria

na d

ioic

a V

ALE

RIA

N,M

ARS

H

FACW

-,FA

CW

FA

CW-

Val

eria

na e

dulis

V

ALE

RIA

N,E

DIB

LE

FAC,

OBL

FA

C

V

allis

neria

am

eric

ana

WIL

D-C

ELER

Y

OBL

O

BL

Ver

bena

bra

ctea

ta

VER

VA

IN,P

ROST

RATE

U

PL,F

AC

W

FACU

V

erbe

na h

asta

ta

VER

VA

IN,B

LUE

FAC,

FACW

+ FA

CW

Ver

bena

urti

cifo

lia

VER

VA

IN,W

HIT

E U

PL,F

AC

+ FA

CU

Ver

besin

a en

celio

ides

CR

OW

NBE

ARD

,GO

LDEN

FA

CU-,F

AC

FAC

Ver

noni

a ba

ldw

inii

IRO

NW

EED

,BA

LDW

IN'S

U

PL,F

AC

W-

FACW

-

V

erno

nia

fasc

icul

ata

IRO

NW

EED

,PR

AIR

IE

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Ver

onic

a am

eric

ana

SPEE

DW

ELL,

AM

ERIC

AN

O

BL

OBL

V

eron

ica

anag

allis

-aqu

atic

a SP

EED

WEL

L,W

ATE

R O

BL

OBL

V

eron

ica

arve

nsis

SPEE

DW

ELL,

CORN

FA

CU?

NI

Ver

onic

a ca

tena

ta

SPEE

DW

ELL,

PIN

K W

ATE

R O

BL

OBL

V

eron

ica

offic

inal

is SP

EED

WEL

L,CO

MM

ON

U

PL,F

ACU

U

PL

Ver

onic

a pe

regr

ina

SPEE

DW

ELL,

PURS

LAN

E FA

CU-,O

BL

FACW

V

eron

ica

scut

ella

ta

SPEE

DW

ELL,

MA

RSH

O

BL

OBL

V

eron

ica

serp

yllif

olia

SP

EED

WEL

L,TH

YM

E-LE

AF

FAC,

OBL

O

BL

Ver

onic

astru

m v

irgin

icum

CU

LVER

'S-R

OO

T FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

C

V

ibur

num

edu

le

SQU

ASH

BER

RY

FACU

,FA

CW

FACW

V

ibur

num

lent

ago

NA

NN

YBE

RRY

FA

CU,F

AC+

FA

CU

Vib

urnu

m tr

ilobu

m

CRA

NBE

RRY

BUSH

,AM

ERIC

AN

FA

C,FA

CW

FAC

Vic

ia a

mer

ican

a V

ETCH

,AM

ERIC

AN

PU

RPLE

FA

C?

NI

Vic

ia sa

tiva

VET

CH,C

OM

MO

N

UPL

,FA

CW

FA

CU

Vio

la a

dunc

a V

IOLE

T,H

OO

KED

-SPU

R FA

CU,F

AC

FACU

V

iola

con

sper

sa

VIO

LET,

AM

ERIC

AN

DO

G

FACW

-,FA

CW

FA

CW

Vio

la in

cogn

ita

VIO

LET,

LARG

E-LE

AF

WH

ITE

FACU

,FA

CW

FACW

V

iola

miss

ourie

nsis

VIO

LET,

MIS

SOU

RI

FAC,

FACW

+ FA

CW-

Vio

la n

ephr

ophy

lla

VIO

LET,

NO

RTH

ERN

BO

G

FACW

,FA

CW

+ FA

CW

Vio

la p

alus

tris

VIO

LET,

MA

RSH

FA

CW,O

BL

NI

Vio

la p

apili

onac

ea

VIO

LET,

COM

MO

N B

LUE

FACU

,FA

C FA

CU

Vio

la p

edat

ifida

V

IOLE

T,PR

AIR

IE

UPL

,FA

CU

FACU

V

iola

pen

sylv

anic

a V

IOLE

T,SM

OO

TH Y

ELLO

W

FACU

,FA

CW

FACU

V

iola

pra

tinco

la

VIO

LET,

BLU

E PR

AIR

IE

FACU

,FA

C FA

C

V

iola

pub

esce

ns

VIO

LET,

DO

WN

Y Y

ELLO

W

FACU

-,FA

C-

FACU

V

iola

reni

folia

V

IOLE

T,K

IDN

EY-L

EAF

WH

ITE

FAC,

FACW

FA

CW

Vio

la so

roria

V

IOLE

T,W

OO

LLY

BLU

E FA

C-,F

AC

FAC

Vio

la v

iaru

m

VIO

LET,

TWO

-FLO

WER

U

PL,F

ACU

U

PL

Vio

la x

ber

nard

ii

FACU

- N

I

V

itis r

ipar

ia

GRA

PE,R

IVER

-BA

NK

FA

CU,F

ACW

FA

C

V

itis v

ulpi

na

GRA

PE,F

ROST

FA

C,FA

CW-

FAC

Vul

pia

octo

flora

FE

SCU

E,SI

X-W

EEK

S U

PL,F

ACU

+ FA

CU

Wol

ffia

col

umbi

ana

WA

TER-

MEA

L,CO

LUM

BIA

O

BL

OBL

X

anth

ium

spin

osum

CO

CKLE

-BU

R,S

PIN

Y

FACU

,FA

C+

NI

Xan

thiu

m st

rum

ariu

m

COCK

LE-B

UR

,RO

UG

H

FAC-

,FA

C+

FAC

Zann

iche

llia

palu

stris

PON

DW

EED

,HO

RN

ED

OBL

O

BL

Ziga

denu

s ele

gans

D

EATH

CAM

AS,

MO

UN

TAIN

U

PL,F

AC

W+

FACU

Zi

gade

nus v

enen

osus

D

EATH

CAM

AS,

MEA

DO

W

FAC

FAC

APPENDIX C

Example Photos

Appendix C - 1 of 21

An

exam

ple

of d

evel

opm

ent h

avin

g de

stro

yed

vege

tativ

e an

d so

il in

dica

tors

. A

n O

HW

M d

elin

eatio

n fo

r thi

s lo

catio

n m

ay re

quire

ex

trapo

latio

n fr

om a

noth

er a

djac

ent l

ocat

ion.


Look

ing

sout

h at

Chr

istm

as T

ree

Isla

nd in

the

Mis

sour

i Riv

er n

orth

of B

ism

arck

. N

ote

cotto

nwoo

d tre

e gr

owth

on

isla

nd.

Alth

ough

no

delin

eatio

n ha

s bee

n co

mpl

eted

for t

his

area

, it

is p

ossi

ble

for p

ortio

ns o

f isl

ands

to ri

se to

an

elev

atio

n ab

ove

the

OH

WM

.


Das

hed

red

line

in lo

wer

left

illus

trate

s OH

WM

as d

eter

min

ed

thro

ugh

litig

atio

n. L

ine

to th

e rig

ht il

lust

rate

s pro

babl

e O

HW

M lo

catio

n on

the

oppo

site

ban

k.


Das

hed

red

line

illus

trate

s pro

babl

e O

HW

M lo

catio

n al

ong

Mis

sour

i Riv

er.

Not

e m

atur

e co

ttonw

oods

abo

ve O

HW

M a

nd

pred

omin

ate

will

ow g

row

th b

elow

.


Das

hed

red

line

illus

trate

s pro

babl

e lo

catio

n of

O

HW

M a

long

Mis

sour

i Riv

er.

Not

e m

atur

e co

ttonw

oods

abo

ve O

HW

M a

nd p

redo

min

ate

will

ow

grow

th b

elow

.


Das

hed

red

line

illus

trate

s pro

babl

e lo

catio

n of

OH

WM

al

ong

deve

lope

d re

ach

of th

e M

isso

uri R

iver

. N

ote

the

mat

ure

cotto

nwoo

d tre

es re

mai

ning

in re

side

ntia

l yar

d.

Oth

er v

eget

ativ

e in

dica

tors

hav

e be

en e

limin

ated

due

to

deve

lopm

ent.


Das

hed

red

line

illus

trate

s pro

babl

e O

HW

M lo

catio

n al

ong

Mis

sour

i Riv

er.

The

OH

WM

is li

kely

just

stre

am s

ide

of th

e m

atur

e co

ttonw

oods

. Th

e w

illow

y sa

ndba

r are

a be

ing

used

by

recr

eato

rs is

like

ly b

elow

the

OH

WM

.


Like

ly O

HW

M b

ased

on

wat

er s

tain

ing

on

brid

ge.

OH

WM

is ty

pica

lly th

e bo

ttom

of

the

top

dark

ban

d.


An

exam

ple

of a

lgae

sta

inin

g on

rock

s al

ong

shor

e lin

e.


Ano

ther

exa

mpl

e of

wat

er st

aini

ng a

s an

OH

WM

in

dica

tor.




An

exam

ple

of la

ndsc

apin

g an

d ba

nk s

tabi

lizat

ion

havi

ng e

limin

ated

mos

t veg

etat

ive

and

soils

in

dica

tors

. Th

is is

an

exam

ple

whe

re a

n O

HW

M d

elin

eatio

n m

ay in

volv

e hy

drol

ogic

indi

cato

rs in

ex

trapo

latin

g a

delin

eatio

n fr

om a

n ad

join

ing

area

.









An

exam

ple

of is

land

s an

d a

brai

ded

chan

nel.

A p

ortio

n of

th

e is

land

s m

ay o

r may

not

rise

abo

ve th

e le

vel o

f ord

inar

y hi

gh w

ater

.

Appendix D

Glossary of Terms Adaptation: A modification of a species that makes it more fit for existence under the conditions of its environment. These modifications are the result of genetic selection processes.

Aquatic Species: Plants that grow partly or wholly in water whether rooted or floating without anchorage. Adventitious Roots: Roots found on plant stems in positions where they normally do not occur, often above the ground surface. Aerobic: A situation in which molecular oxygen is a part of the environment.

Anaerobic: A situation in which molecular oxygen is absent (or effectively so) from the environment. This condition occurs during long term saturation of soil and will cause soils to display hydric indicators. Basal area: The cross-sectional area of a tree trunk measured in square inches, square centimeters, etc. Basal area is normally measured at 4.5 ft above the ground level and is used as a measure of dominance. The most easily used tool for measuring basal area is a tape marked in square inches. When plotless methods are used, an angle gauge or prism will provide a means for rapidly determining basal area. This term is also applicable to the cross sectional area of a clumped herbaceous plant, measured at 1.0 in. above the soil surface.

Chroma: The relative purity or saturation of a color; intensity of distinctive hue as related to grayness; one of the three variables of color. Diameter at breast height (DBH): The width of a plant stem as measured at 4.5 ft above the ground surface. Dominance: A descriptor of vegetation that is related to the standing crop of a species in an area, usually measured by height, cover, or basal area (for trees).

Dominant species: As used herein, a plant species that exerts a controlling influence on or defines the character of a community.

Gaging Station: A point along a stream where instrumentation has been installed for measuring river stage and where a series of stage and stream discharge measurements have defined the relationship between stage and discharge, allowing the conversion of the daily stage record to a daily discharge record. The USGS operates a network of such gages across the nation. Gleyed: A soil condition resulting from prolonged soil saturation, which is manifested by the presence of bluish or greenish colors through the soil mass or in mottles (spots or streaks) among other colors. Gleying occurs under reducing soil conditions resulting from saturation, by which iron is reduced predominantly to the ferrous state.

Herb: A non-woody individual of a macrophytic species. In this manual, seedlings of woody plants that are less than 3 feet in height are considered to be herbs. Hydric Soil: A soil that is saturated, flooded, or ponded long enough during the growing season to develop anaerobic conditions that favor the growth and regeneration of hydrophytic vegetation. These soils display a matrix of gleyed or depleted colors. Hydrology: The science dealing with the properties, distribution, and circulation of water. Indicator: As used in this manual, an event, entity, or condition that typically characterizes a prescribed environment or situation; indicators determine or aid in determining whether or not certain stated circumstances exist. Indicator status: One of the categories (e.g. OBL) that described the estimated probability of a plant species occurring in wetlands. Inundation: A condition in which water from any source temporarily or permanently covers a land surface. Mineral Soil: A soil consisting predominantly of, and having its properties determined predominantly by, mineral matter usually containing less than 20 percent organic matter. Morphological adaptation: A feature of structure and form that aids in fitting a species to its particular environment (e.g. multiple trunks, adventitious roots). Muck: Highly decomposed organic material in which the original plant parts are not recognizable. Organic soil: A soil is classified as an organic soil if it is: (1) saturated for prolonged periods (unless artificially drained) and has more than 30 percent organic matter if the mineral fraction is more than 50 percent clay, or more than 20 percent organic matter if the mineral fraction has no clay; or (2) never saturated with water for more than a few days and having more than 34 percent organic matter. Parameter: A characteristic component of a unit that can be defined. Vegetation, soil, and hydrology are three parameters that may be used to define wetlands. Peak Flow: The highest instantaneous stream discharge recorded at a gaging station or projected by hydrologic methods where gage data or measurements are unavailable. Plant community: All of the plant populations occurring in a shared habitat or environment Saturated soil conditions: A condition in which all easily drained voids (pores) between soil particles in the root zone are temporarily or permanently filled with water to the soil surface at pressures greater than atmospheric.

Soil: Unconsolidated mineral and organic material that supports, or is capable of supporting, plants and which has recognizable properties due to the integrated effect of climate and living matter upon parent material, as conditioned by relief over time. Soil matrix: The portion of given soil having the dominant color. In most cases, the matrix will be the portion of the soil having more than 50 percent of the same color. Step-backwater Analysis: A method of hydraulic analysis based upon Bernoulli’s energy equation. Terrestrial Species: Plants that grow wholly on land and will show signs of stress when exposed to saturated conditions for any length of time. This may include some species that are considered to be wetland species (OBL, FACW, and FAC) and includes all non-wetland species (FACU and UPL). Transition zone: The area in which a change from wetland to non-wetland occurs. The transition zone may be narrow or broad depending on location. Watermark: A line on a tree or other upright structure that represents the maximum static water level reached during an inundation event.

Date post:	23-May-2020
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	2 times
Download:	0 times

ORDINARY HIGH WATER MARK DELINEATION GUIDELINESswc.nd.gov/pdfs/ordinary_high_water.pdf ·...

Documents