Organic Chem Review

MONOMERS

Macromolecules are made up of smaller units called

ISOMERS

These two molecules Are examples of ______________.

Organic molecules contain the elements ____________ and _________, and they must be _____________ .

CARBON HYDROGEN

BONDED TOGETHER

HYDROXYLCARBOXYLIC ACID

Name the functionalgroups.

O

Amino

Name the functionalgroups.

CH3 NH2

Dehydration synthesis

The reaction by which monomers are joined together is called ______________________ .

Ringoxygenhydroxide

Carbohydrates consist of a __________, with _______embedded in it, and several _______________ functional units.

Carbohydratedisaccharide

This molecule can be categorized as a ___________, and a ___________________.

Glycosidic bonds

The bonds that hold monosaccharides together are called _______________ .

Energy, structure in plants (cellulose), structure in invertebrates (exoskeletons)

The functions of carbohydrates are ___________.

43

If a polymer has 43 bonds, how many molecules of water were produced during dehydration synthesis?

monosaccharide

The monomer of a carbohydrate is called ______.

-ose

Carbohydrates can be recognized by name, because they all end in _________.

hydrophobic

Lipids are grouped together because they are all ___________, not because of structural similarities.

Glycerol fatty acids

Fats are composed of one ______ molecule with three __________ attached.

no

Saturated fats contain ___ double bonds.

Cell membranes

Phospholipids are a key component of ___________.

Glycerolphosphate groupfatty acids

Phospholipids are composed of one __________, one ______, and two _____________.

Phosphatefatty acid

The _______ end of a phospholipid is hydrophilic, and the ________ end is hydrophobic.

Phosphatefatty acid

When phospholipids are in the presence of water, the ______ end will face the water, the _________ will face inside – thus forming a ___________________.

steroids

The three lipids are fats, phospholipids, and __________.

Rings fused together

Steroids consist of four _______ that are _________.

Dehydration synthesis

The reactions shown above is

Energy, cushioning for organs, insulation

The functions of lipids are ____________ .

Amino acids

Protein monomers are called __________.

peptide

Protein monomers are connected by ________ bonds.

20

There are ______ amino acids.

There are ____ levels of protein structure.

4

The primary structure consists of a protein’s ____________.

AMINO ACID SEQUENCE

The secondary structure consists of ____________.

ALPHA HELIX OR BETA PLEATS

The tertiary structure consists of ____________.

FOLDING CAUSED BY ELECTRICAL CHARGES AND HYDROPHOBICITY OF AMINO ACIDS

The quaternary structure consists of ____________.

PROTEIN MOLECULES BONDING WITH OTHER PROTEIN MOLECULES

If conditions are not optimum, a protein molecule will unfold. This is called ____________.

DENATURING

Can proteins renature?

YES

What happens when proteins denature?

THEY DO NOT FUNCTION

contain amino and carboxyl functional groups

Amino acids structurally ______________ .

protein

fat

hydrolysis

The reaction shown above is ____________

phospholipid bilayer

steroid

phospholipid

NUCLEIC ACID

The primary purpose of Nucleic Acids is _________.

TO STORE AND TRANSMIT GENETIC INFORMATION

There are ____ nucleic acids (____________).

2Deoxyribonucleic acid and Ribonucleic acid

There are ______ parts of nucleic acids: __________.

3A 5-ring sugar, a phosphate group, and a base

The two sides of a nucleic acid strand are held together by _________ bonds.

HYDROGEN

The monomer of nucleic acids is _____________.

NUCLEOTIDES

Cells get most of their energy from ___________.

ATP

The ATP molecule consists of _____________.

The base Adenine, a 5-ring sugar, and three phosphate groups attached.

ATP