Phonetics and Phonology

Lecture 4 Organs of speech

KAMIYAMA, Takekitakeki.kamiyama@univ-paris8.fr

2016-2017 S1 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 4 2Clark and Yallop (1995)

PhonationPhonation

Organs of speech production

InitiationInitiation

ArticulationArticulation•• Three functionsThree functions

generates an airstream

generates voicing

modifies (filters) the sourcesound to generate speech sounds

2016-2017 S1 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 4 3Clark and Yallop (1995)

PhonationPhonation

Organs of speech production

LungsLungsInitiationInitiation

DiaphragmDiaphragmrelaxes and riseswhen breathing out

ArticulationArticulation

Except non-pulmonicconsonants

generate an (outward) airstream

TracheaTrachea

2016-2017 S1 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 4 4Clark and Yallop (1995)

InitiationInitiation

PhonationPhonation

Organs of speech production

LarynxLarynx

ArticulationArticulation

2016-2017 S1 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 4 5

Larynx

Roach (1991)2016-2017 S1 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 4 6

Larynx

Roach (1991)

2016-2017 S1 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 4 7

Larynx

Roach (1991)2016-2017 S1 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 4 8

Larynx

• The larynx contains a pair of vocal folds.• The vocal folds are wide apart for normal

breathing, voiceless consonants.• They are brought close together by

arytenoid cartilages and vibrate (Bernoullieffect) for voicing.

• The opening between the two vocal folds iscalled the glottis (adj. glottal).

2016-2017 S1 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 4 9

Functions of the vocal folds inlanguages

• Phonation (voicing, vibration of vocal folds)and its timing.

• Generating different pitches.

• Generating different voice qualities (modal,creaky, breathy)

2016-2017 S1 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 4 10

-

suite

2016-2017 S1 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 4 11 2016-2017 S1 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 4 12

• Cycle of vibration of the vocal folds

2016-2017 S1 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 4 13 2016-2017 S1 T. Kamiyama Phonetics and Phonology Lecture 4 14