Origin of Amharic

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AFROASIATIC LANGUAGES & NEAR EASTERN STUDIES

100LINCOM EUROPA project line 20 2010

ISBN 978 3 89586 179 6.Moroccan ArabicSecret Languages 08. LINCOM Studies inAfroasiatic Linguistics 24. 188pp. USD 92.90 /EUR 75.50 / GBP 64.20. 2008.

Four Typesof the Moroccan u

NASSER BERJAOUIIbn Tofail University, Knitra, Morocco

This book is a follow-up to our detaileddescription and analysis of both corpora and rulesof the Moroccan Arabic secret languages of theTafilalet (TSLs), namely the u. In this work,four families of the TSLs are proposed, togetherwith their varieties. The types are the xxxCC,the xxaCi, the xxaCu and the xxawiCafamilies. These types, which branch into severalvarieties, function separately. The xxxCCtype, for instance, secretises a given word likemat (die) as sat ssmm or fat ffmm, forinstance, depending on the encoding variety ofthe family in question. The xxaCi categorymodifies the same word as sat sami and katkami. The xxaCu type changes the word as

sat samu and bat bamu. The fourth family,namely the xxawiCa u, distorts therelevant word as tat tawima and wat wawima.The present book proposes four parts and eightchapters describing many of the linguistic aspectsof the TSLs.

ISBN 978 3 89586 188 8. Moroccan ArabicSecret Languages 07. LINCOM Studies inAfroasiatic Linguistics 23. 400pp. USD 83.00/ EUR 67.50 / GBP 57.40. 2008.

The Moroccan Arabic u:Five Categories

NASSER BERJAOUI

Ibn Tofail University, Knitra, Morocco

So far, twelve families of the Moroccan Arabicsecret languages of the Tafilalet (TSLs), namelythe u, were investigated in detail in severalworks. In this book, emphasis is on five other anddifferent categories of the TSLs, namely thexxawinCa, the xxaxiCa, the xxinxaC, thexxawiC and the xaC cases, together withtheir intricate and numerous varieties. A sampleof two varieties from each of the families aboverespectively encode the word ktab (a book) as:wtab wawinka and stab sawinka, btabbabika and ptab papika, ftab finfak anddtab dindak, dtab dawik and htab hawik,stab ak and vtab ak. This book is organisedin the realm of five parts that analyse the

encoding operations in the TSLs with reference toseveral parts of speech and structures.

ISBN 978 3 89586 189 5.Moroccan ArabicSecret Languages 06. LINCOM Studies inAfroasiatic Linguistics 22. 500pp. USD 92.90/ EUR 75.50 / GBP 64.20. 2008.

The Moroccan ArabicSubstitution u


This book, which is the eighth of a series ofworks on Moroccan Arabic secret languages,

proposes an extremely detailed account of theu, a secret language of one region in thesouth-east of Morocco, the Tafilalet. Thelanguage in question contains a rich number ofvarieties. This work, which addresses linguisticareas of main concern to linguists, phonologists,

morphologists, sociolinguists, dialectologists,arabicists, sociologists, graduate and post-graduate students, for instance, focuses on thesecretising of a multitude of words, prepositions,verbs, phrases, clauses and sentences, forinstance. For descriptive convenience, this studyproposes eight chapters and a detailedbibliography. The substitution u, which is themain concern of this book and which involvesthirty-two varieties, operates through the mereand single replacement of a consonant of the

word by a given consonant of the variety of thefamily x. In this family of the secret languagesno additional disguise item follows the encodedword. Thus, the word kla (eat), for instance, isencoded in one variety of the substitution uas sla and as wla in another one. Oneextremely important aspect of the substitutionsecret language under study in this work is thecrucial effect of the context of use of thelanguage itself on the comprehension of the secretencounters, given the total absence of the disguiseelement, which would stand as the necessary keyfor the genuine deciphering of the encoded word.


Notes on a MoroccanArabic Secret Language:The XRinC Family


The second book in the series focuses onthe xrinC family of the TSLs.

ISBN 978 3 89586 389 9. Moroccan ArabicSecret Languages 02. LINCOM Studies inAfroasiatic Linguistics 17. 144pp. USD 73.20

/ EUR 59.50 / GBP 50.60. 2007.

Notes on a MoroccanArabic Secret Language:The XRinCa Family


The third book in the series presents a detailedaccount of the rules governing the varieties of thexrinCa family of the TSLs.

ISBN 978 3 89586 325 7. Moroccan ArabicSecret Languages 03. LINCOM Studies in

Afroasiatic Linguistics 18. 144pp. USD 73.20/ EUR 59.50 / GBP 50.60. 2007.

Secret Languages:Evidence fromMoroccan Arabic


In this book, we will scrutinize the operations atwork in ten Moroccan Arabic (MA) secretlanguages (SLs) of the region of El-Jadida,Morocco. For this purpose, we will target bothstructural SLs (SSLs) and Non-structural secret

languages (NSSLs). The former category refers tolanguages that change the structural aspects ofwords as in Pig Latin, for instance. The latter isassociated with communicative means using non-structural changes, like the usual slang. SSLsunder scrutiny are: the Pseudo-Infixation aw,

the Inversion aw, the nu of traditional,popular singers, the butchers SL, the youthsslang, Gnawas SL, prisoners SL, TraditionalArabic grammar SL, proverbial SL, and fortune-tellers SL.

All the SLs are respectively illustrated below:ab (bring) nnrgab, kas (a glass) sak,ma (he went) fht, ih i l-a (givehim bones only) ih la wagf, bnt xayb-a(a bad girl) walima, atay (tea) ooo,xms-in drhm (fifty dirhams) xa, l-

yala-t (the women) am-u l-munnat s-salim, na (Nasser, proper name) nyya-t l-ma y-i-h-a f kkz-u w ayy l-a lt-dd-h (the blind trusts his walking cane, and disregardthe womans opinion!), i (he is sick) gl.For practical purposes, the SLs will beinvestigated taking into account aspects of theirphonology, morphology, syntax, semantics anddiscourse analysis.

ISBN 978 3 86288 005 8. LINCOM Studies inAfroasiatic Linguistics 31. USD 128.20 / EUR104.20 / GBP 88.60. 800 pp. 2010/IV.

Notes on a MoroccanArabic Secret Language of

the Tafilalet: The XRinCuFamily


The fourth book discusses the rulesgoverning the varieties of the xrinCufamily of the TSLs.


Moroccan SecretLanguages:Evidence from the Patterning andthe Inversion u


In this work, the ninth in the series, focus will beon a detailed analysis of seven types of theMoroccan Arabic (MA) u, a secret languagethat spreads in the region of the south-eastern partof Morocco known as the Tafilalet. The seventypes to be analysed in this work are: the l-CuCifuCi/l-CuCC fuCC, the mtt-CaCCi, the mtt-

CaCCi trisa, the mtt-CaCCi tifrkusin, the mtt-CaCCi trisa/tifrkusin, the t-CCiCi wiCi/t-CCiCC wiCC and the Inversion cases. Sevenparts will constitute the book, with each partanalyzing each of the seven types of the u.The work separately studies the following aspectsof encodings in the seven secret languages:sociolinguistic characteristics, the distortion ofprefixless words, the effect of the encodingoperations on morphologically inflected words,the encoding of MA prepositions, the changes atthe level of the syntactic structures in MA, asample of the daily-like uses of the secretlanguages in question through discursive samples,a detailed presentation of the rules of the sevenlanguages, and the delivery of messages rates inthe languages in question. The work is designed

for students of linguistics, typologists,sociolinguists and linguists, for instance.



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The LINCOM webshop: www.lincom-europa.com LINCOM EUROPA project line 20 2010 101

The XXyyuC Family ofMoroccan SecretLanguages


This book, which is the tenth of a series of workson Moroccan Arabic secret languages, proposesan extremely detailed account of the "u", asecret language of one region in the south-east ofMorocco, the Tafilalet. The language in questioncontains a rich number of varieties. This work,which addresses linguistic areas of main concernto graduate and post-graduate students, linguists,phonologists, morphologists, sociolinguists,dialectologists, arabicists and sociologists,focuses on the secretising of a multitude ofwords, prepositions, verbs, phrases, clauses andsentences, for instance. For descriptiveconvenience, this study proposes eight chaptersand a detailed bibliography. Chapter one isconcerned with major previous works related tosecret languages worldwide, for instance. Chaptertwo introduces major sociolinguistic notions ofthe "u". Chapter three investigates the encoding

of prefixless words. Chapter four analyses theencoding of prefixed items. Chapter fivescrutinizes the secretising of prepositions.Chapter six aims at a description of the encodingof syntactic structures. Chapter seven illustratesthe use of the "u" in everyday-likeconversations. Chapter eight presents a detailedaccount of the rules governing all the varieties ofthe xxyyuC family with reference to all MAwords, phrases, clauses and sentences and adetailed account of the data. In one variety of thex.xyyuC "u" a consonant of the word issubstituted by the consonant of the operatingvariety (x). Then the new word is followed by thedisguise element "xyyuC", that is another copyof the substituting consonant (x), the disyllabic"yyu" and the substituted consonant of the word(C). In this respect, the word kla (eat), for

instance, is encoded in one variety of thex.xyyuC "u" as "sla syyuk".


A Moroccan Arabic SecretLanguage: The XXinCaFamily


The present work studies one category (family) ofthe Moroccan Arabic Secret Languages of theTafilalet (TSLs), the south-east of Morocco. Inthis family, which involves thirty-three varieties,a consonant of the word is substituted by theconsonant of the variety. Then the new word isfollowed by the consonant of the TSL, theelement in, the substituted consonant (that ofthe word) and the vowel a. For instance, theword ktab (a book) is encoded in one variety ofthe TSLs as stabsinka and as wtabwinka inanother one.

The book involves eight chapters and adetailed bibliography for secret languagesresearch. The first chapter presents majorprevious works on the topic, like the FrenchVerlan, for instance. Chapter two introduces

major sociolinguistic aspects of the TSLs withreference to such aspects as sex, age andlocations, for example. Chapter three investigatesthe encoding operations of prefixless words, likenouns and adjectives. Chapter four scrutinizes theencoding of prefixed items like verbs and passive

participles. Chapter five is concerned with theencoding of long, short and lengthened parts ofspeech. Chapter six aims at a description of theencoding of phrases, clauses and sentences.Chapter seven mirrors the uses of the TSLs ineveryday encounters. Chapter eight presents adetailed account of the rules governing thevarieties of the xxinCa family of the TSLs.

ISBN 978 3 89586 886 3. Moroccan Arabic

Secret Languages 01. LINCOM Studies inAfroasiatic Linguistics 03.130pp. USD 73.20/ EUR 59.50 / GBP 50.60. 2007.

Language Use andMakkan and MadinanRevelationsA Comparative Study

SAMIA LOCATEUniversity of Leeds

Makkan and Madinan Revelations aims toprovide an in-depth study of the Makkan andMadinan revelations of the Quran in terms ofstructure, themes, linguistic, stylistic and textualanalysis of thesuras. The main objective of theseanalyses is to make the contents of the Quranmore accessible by the modern reader.

Firstly to represent the context in which therevelations took place, an account of thehistorical background of the two towns Makkaand Madina at the time of the Prophet himself isgiven. The present discussion presents the Quranin terms of its composition and its status as aHoly Scripture compared to the previous othertwo Scriptures. Thus, an insight into the Makkansurashas been provided: Outlines of its structure,themes, peculiarities, and textual analysis in termsof tenets of faith of some selected Makkan surashave been dealt with. Similarly, an insight intothe Madinan surashas also been provided along

with structural, thematic and textual analysis ofsome selected Madinan suras. Other conceptssuch as the coherence in the Quran, nazm inthe Quran and icjaz al-Quran which arelooked at in terms of conceptual chainingbetween adjacent suras and ayas have beendeveloped in this study.

The present study provides intriguingcomparative and contrastive analyses of theMakkan and Madinan suras from Muslim andnon-Muslim perspectives which led to 28 highlyvaluable observations about the study of the twophases of revelation. The author's approach hasthus become different from classical classificationof the suras. It is now based on surasstructure,themes and text linguistics.

ISBN 978 3 58986 392 9. LINCOM TextualAnalyses 01. 269pp. USD 87.60 / EUR 71.20 /GBP 60.50. 2009.

Literary Old BabylonianSHLOMO IZRE'EL(Tel-Aviv University)& ERAN COHEN(The HebrewUniversity, Jerusalem)

Akkadian is a cover term for the Semiticlanguages of ancient Mesopotamia, constitutingthe eastern branch of the Semitic family.Akkadian, the most ancient Semitic linguisticcontinuum attested, was written in the cuneiformscript, mainly on clay tablets.

It is attested from the third millennium B.C. tothe third century A.D. Linguistic research ofAkkadian has been relatively scanty, andgrammatical descriptions of any of the attestedlanguages and dialects were aimed primarily fordidactic purposes. Research has concentrated onphonology, and especially on morphology, which

is typically Semitic. Syntactic structures and theTMA system have remained largely unexplored.

The grammatical description offered in LW/Mis based on the language of narrative texts withmythological context of the Old Babylonianperiod (the first half of the second millenniumB.C.). Considering the state of the art and theframe and goals of this series, the authors haveconfined themselves to a brief model of thelanguage and to defining the basic linguisticstrategies of Akkadian. As such, it may also serve

as a guide to Semitic grammatical concepts.All levels of the grammar of this language are

treated together for the first time: graphonology,morphology, micro- and macro-syntax(characterizing different textemes). Someattention is given to linguistic variation,acknowledging the (albeit small) diversity withinthe time-space continuum of the texts whichconstitute this corpus. A short description of thecuneiform script will aim at giving some hint ofthe problems in adducing linguistic data.

This grammatical description is written with asystemic, structural perception of language inmind, which yields novel concepts in modernpresentation. It is intended first and foremost forlinguists for whom the language is inaccessiblefor various reasons and for Semitists whose

expertise is not in Akkadian. However,Assyriologists will benefit from it as well, as thisdescription is unique in its linguistic presentation,revealing important details unknown heretofore.

ISBN 3 89586 738 1. Languages of theWorld/Materials 81. 60pp. USD 66.30 / EUR53.90 / GBP 45.80. 2004.

Extraprosodicity andSyllable Structure inBerberAn Optimality-theoretic Analysis

YOUCEF HDOUCHIbn Tofail University, Kenitra

This study is concerned with the applicabilityof the notion of extraprosodicity in analysingaspects of syllable structure of a variety ofTamazight spoken in El ksiba Ait WirraTamazight Berber (Henceforth AWTB).Extraprosodicity simply means that syllable-building rules are blind to incorporating certainedge constituents into the structures they build. Inthe case of syllable structure, the extraprosodicitymodel uses the notion of Extrasyllabicity.

Three reasons stand behind the exploration ofExtraprosodicity. First, this concept has receivedlittle attention from Berberists. The works thathave dealt with cases involving Extraprosodicity

and its relevance to Tamazight syllable structureare Bader (1985), Adnour (1994) and Faizi(2002). Second, the treatments propounded inthese studies have failed to come up with anaccount that is explanatorily adequate, sinceExtraprosodicity is considered a tool to accountonly for irregular cases where schwa epenthesis isblocked. Third, the analyses undertaken in theseworks consider Extraprosodicity a language-specific mechanism. Thus, they fail to recognizeit as the result of the interaction of more generalconstraints pertaining to Universal Grammar.In this book, beside relying on the assumptions ofStandard Non-linear Generative Phonology, webasically assume the conception of grammar asproposed within Optimality Theory (henceforthOT). It is within the general framework of OT

(McCarthy and Prince (op.cit.) and Prince andSmolensky (op.cit.) and later development,namely Correspondence Theory - that we attemptan analysis of some aspects of AWTB wordmorphophonology that motivate the use ofExtraprosodicity.

In fact, the basic principles of OT will be


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applied to explain the interaction betweenprosodic phenomena such as syllabification,epenthesis and affixation, a morphologicalprocess. To explain, some prosodic words finalsyllables end in a sequence of three consonants, astructure not permitted word internally.Monoconsonantal coronal nominal affixes andverbal clitics create these sequences. The secondchunk of the feminine morpheme /t ----- t/, thethird masculine / feminine object clitics /t/ and/tt/, the second part of the 2nd person pronoun /t -

-- d/ and the orientation index /d/ give rise toclusters of three consonants when attached tonominal and verbal stems respectively.

ISBN 978 3 89586 138 3. LINCOM Studies inAfroasiatic Linguistics 20. 180pp. USD 83.00/ EUR 67.50 / GBP 57.40. 2008.

Texts For LinguisticAnalysis: GlossedNarratives in Tarifit Berber

CLIVE W. MCCLELLAND IIILiberty University

The value of "raw data" is an essential one: toprovide students and professors linguistic datathat can be examined and analyzed in context,whether the study is phonological or grammatical.This value is profound in the context of currentlinguistics where "contrived" data devoid ofcontext is de rigueur. As much as is possible,analyses ought to be "data-led" where conclusionsare suggested after careful and methodicalinvestigation. Then one may properlyposit well-grounded linguistic theory.

Toward furthering these aims, stories fromTarifit Berber native speakers were collected overa ten year period. They represent a couple ofdialects within the Tarifit-speaking region innortheastern Morocco. They are transcribedphonetically, with morpheme-by-morphemeglosses, syllable divisions, and a free translation.

Along with the printed versions, the sound filesof each of these stories are provided on anenclosed compact disk.

It is hoped that this compilation will provide a"target-rich" environment for practical linguisticresearch for students as well as teachers, and thatthis manner of glossing will help set a betterstandard for presenting linguistic data. Plus textas audio files on CD-ROM.

ISBN 978 3 89586 125 3. Languages of theWorld/Text Collections 28. 186pp., incl. CD-ROM. USD 95.70 / EUR 77.80 / GBP 66.10.2008.

A Phonological Analysis ofTarifit Berber

CLIVE W. MCCLELLAND IIILiberty University

This study is a basic functionalist phonologicalanalysis of Tarifit Berber, a mostly unwrittenlanguage spoken in northeastern Morocco. Itreveals this languages phonologicalboundaries which stretch in language-specific ways.

Presentation is with two audiences in mind:the informed linguist who is already familiar withphonological principles and practices, and theinterested student. For the latter, the author hasdefined technical terms, mainly in footnotes, anddescribed in detail all of the steps used inanalyses. Also, included is a short description ofthe grammar with morpheme-by-morphemeglosses of all examples.

The purpose is two-fold: (1) to providestudents and teachers a language description foruse in undergraduate and graduate courses, and(2) to aid in the development of this language.

The government of Morocco is encouragingvernacular literacy and thus is involved inrepresenting Berber in some sort of written form.To this end, a thorough phonological analysis isessential in order to formulate a practical set ofphonemic characters, or alphabet, for maximalfacility in future reading and spelling. Hopefully,this work can assist in this worthy effort.

ISBN 978 3 89586 129 1. LINCOM Studies inAfroasiatic Linguistics 26. 183pp. USD 85.40

/ EUR 69.40 / GBP 59.00. 2008.

Koptisch - Ein Leitfadendurch das SadischeANDREA EBERLE unter Mitarbeit vonREGINE SCHULZLudwig-Maximilians-Universitt Mnchen /The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore

Coptic, belonging to the Afroasiatic languages, isthe final development of the ancient Egyptianlanguage. It is derived from the popular tongue ofthe so called New Empire and uses the Greekalphabet complemented with six letters fromDemotic, an earlier form of Egyptian writingsince the 7th century B.C.

Beginning with the 1st century A.D. Copticwriting started to replace the complicatedHieroglyphic system and became the officialwritten language during the 3rd century by thespread of Christianity and Christian texts. Inaddition to this, gnostic, Manichaean and profanetexts are important parts of Coptic literature.After the Arabian conquest of Egypt in 641 A.D.and the spread of the Islam, Coptic wasabandoned as colloquial and written language infavour of Arabic even by the Christianpopulation. Until now Coptic is used as liturgicallanguage of the Coptic Church.

The present volume is an introduction toSahidic Coptic, the starting-point for any copticstudy. The emphasis has been put on basic

matters relevant to the needs of the beginner.The volume contains: the basic structure of themorphology with special reference to the verbalsystem; the principles of the different syntacticalconstructions (main and subordinate clauses -both with translated examples); a sample text withinterlinear phonetic transcription and translation;an extensive bibliography with references to morespecialized literature and an index.

This comprehensive introduction in Coptic isbased on the experience of almost a decade ofcontinuous teaching and was also usedsuccessfully for self-studies. (written in German)


Consonance in theQuranA Conceptual, Intertextual andLinguistic Analysis

HUSSEIN ABDUL-RAOFUniversity of Leeds

Consonance in the Quran provides an in-depthtext linguistic analysis of Quranic discourse. Thelexicogrammatical selections, intertextualmeaning relations, the textual notions ofconceptual connectivity and intertextuality areexpounded with variegated examples. This textlinguistic approach is a vital source for literary

semiotics. The textual feature of consonancecontributes effectively in the conceptual thrust ofthe text. This book provides a detailed account ofinter and intra-sentence consonance in Arabic. Itexplicates the impact of contextual and co-textualfactors upon the occurrence of the verb, passive

participle, active participle, plural of paucity,plural of multitude, the feminine noun, and thephonetic form of a given lexical item. It alsoinvestigates rigorously the different levels oflinguistic analysis in the light of the modernEuropean linguistic theory of text linguistics.

Consonance in the Quran provides 11linguistic levels of analysis as well as 10 sub-levels of Arabic discourse. These include: (i) thegrammatical level which accounts for thegrammatical features of modification, word order,

grammatical form of words, and grammaticalfunctions of words, (ii) the stylistic level whichaccounts for the stylistic feature of antithesis,shift in cohesive devices, and selection of words,(iii) the lexical level which accounts for lexicalvariation, (iv) the semantic level whichinvestigates the semantic componential featuresof words, semantic connectivity among sentencesor macro texts, the semantic connectivity betweena word and a leitmotif, and the collocation ofconcepts, (v) the phrase level which deals withthe occurrence of refrains, (vi) the contextuallevel which accounts for the impact of context onthe juxtaposition of leitmotifs, (vii) the co-textuallevel which accounts for the grammaticalconstruction, stylistic variation, the ad hocselection of words, and morphological form ofwords, (viii) the thematic level which investigatesthe linear order of themes, (ix) the letter and wordlevel which accounts for stylistic symmetry andrhyme phrases, (x) the level of formulaicexpressions, and (xi) the phonetic level whichaccounts for phonological features of words.

Consonance in the Quran is a vital source forlinguistics and Islamic studies students and forresearchers. It provides an empirical textual,grammatical, semantic, stylistic, and phoneticanalysis of Arabic. Consonance in the Quraninvestigates linguistic structuring at the micro andmacro levels of Arabic. In order to show thereader how conceptual and intertextual links aremaintained within a text, this book provides atextual birds-eye view of the thematic andleitmotif compartments which are the constituentunits of the macro text.

ISBN 3 89586 801 9 (Hardbound). Languagesof the World 34. 334pp. USD 146.70 / EUR119.30 / GBP 101.40. 2005.

Quranic StylisticsA Linguistic Analysis

HUSSEIN ABDUL-RAOFUniversity of Leeds

Stylistic variation is the colourful manifestationof language. It is an intriguing linguisticphenomenon that can take place at different levelsof language as it has been found in Quranicgenre. Stylistic shift can occur within the

sentence boundary at both the micro and themacro levels. In the micro text, stylistic variationoccurs at the morpheme, word, and sentencelevels. However, in the macro text, stylisticchange can occur at the macro textual levelbeyond the sentence boundary. In other words,stylistically different sentences are found atdifferent texts far away from each other. Stylisticvariation mirrors language behaviour and themanipulation of the linguistic tools and strategiesavailable to the text producer. Stylistic variationin Quranic Arabic occurs for a good reason andis context and co-text sensitive. Context and co-text are the linguistic habitat for stylistic shift.The surrounding grammatical, semantic, andphonetic environment has a direct impact uponthe linguistic behaviour of Quranic genre. This isdue to the fact that the text unfolds in a given

context of situation.Therefore, the distinctive stylistic patterns areinfluenced by the contextual and co-textualfactors. A linguistic-stylistic exploration ofsentence patterns illuminates the readersappreciation of the grammatical and semantic


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subtleties underpinning the distinct meanings oftwo stylistically different but structurally identicalsentences. A linguistic investigation of thestylistic patterns of language also unearths theunderlying signification of two stylisticallydistinct sentences. The present analysis attemptsto provide an insight into the resourceful stylisticand linguistic strategies of Arabic. The booksharpens up the readers awarness of the exoticstylistic patterns that are semantically-oriented.These stylistic structures can be realized through

various linguistic processes that are specific toArabic. The resourceful mechanism can be auseful linguistic tool to achieve variouscommunicative functions with different semanticsignifications. The present account of Quranicgenre explores how grammatical acceptability andsemantic syntax are interrelated to stylisticvariation in Arabic. This work provides an in-depth explicated analysis of stylistic variation inQuranic genre.

Contents:

Linguistic and Stylistic ExpressionsIntroduction

Chapter One: Linguistic and Textual Features ofQuranic Discourse

Chapter Two: Syntactic Changes and StylisticVariation2.1 Introduction2.2 Types of Syntactic Change

Chapter Three: Contextual and Co-TextualFactors3.1 Introduction3.2 Context and Lexis3.3 Co-Text and Lexis3.4 Phonetic Factors

Chapter Four: Cohesion Network and StylisticShift4.1 Introduction4.2 Ellipsis4.3 Substitution

Chapter Five: Discourse Variation5.1 Introduction5.2 Grammatical Incongruity5.3 Semantic Incongruity5.4 Semantic Redundancy5.5 Selectional Restrictions5.6 Repetition

Chapter Six: Motifs and Stylistic Patterns6.1 Introduction6.2 Motif and Stylistic Shift

Conclusion, Bibliography, Index

ISBN 3 89586 817 5. Languages of the World32. 250pp. USD 98.00 / EUR 79.70 / GBP67.70. 2004.

Verb Classes andTransitivity in Amharic

MENGISTU AMBERBERThe University of New South Wales

The book provides a detailed analysis of verbclasses and transitivity alternations in theEthiosemitic language Amharic. It investigatesthe lexical-semantic and morphosyntacticproperties of a number of constructions includingcausatives, passives, applicatives, and experiencerpredicates.

The lexical semantic analysis of the verbsappeals to the theory of Conceptual Semantics asdeveloped by Ray Jackendoff. Thus, the studyassumes a decompositional approach to themeaning of lexical items in which the meaning ofa given lexical item is decomposed into smalleruniversal conceptual primitives. Each chapterbegins with a succinct introduction of theAmharic data under investigation and a concisestatement of the theoretically relevant issues.

Then the Amharic data is analysed within across-linguistic context in order to uncover deepand underlying grammatical properties. The bookwould interest theoretical and descriptivelinguists studying the interface between lexicalsemantics and morphosyntax. As it explores therelationship between conceptual structure andlanguage, the book would also be of interest topsycholinguists and researchers interested in themental lexicon.

ISBN 3 89586 404 8. LINCOM Studies inAfroasiatic Linguistics 06. 160pp. USD 83.30/ EUR 67.70 / GBP 57.60. 2002.

IfConditional Sentences inContemporary Hebrew Structure,Meaning, and Usage of Tenses

TALI BAR

The book deals with Contemporary HebrewConditional Sentences, classified from astructural point of view.

The Hebrew language is rich in conditionalexpressions, simple and complex. Conditionality

is expressed there by various means, specificconjunctions on the one hand, and negators andadverbial subordinators on the other hand.Conditional sentences are among the mostcomplicated of structures. They contain a greatvariety of subtlety of nuances; some constructionsare transparent, in which the condition isexpressed in typical patterns, and in others theconditional meaning is implied from the context.The tense and mood system there, characterizedby complex tenses and by shifting to the past, isdifferent from that found elsewhere. These issuesare discussed here.

The book is aimed and intended to introducethe structural, semantic, contextual, and stylisticaspects of the Present-Day Hebrew Conditionals.It provides a short presentation of their logical

aspect without being sidetracked to areasirrelevant to the linguistic discussion, and itclarifies their boundaries as a linguistic category.The description and conclusions are based onevidence taken from a wide and diverse corpus,which gives a comprehensive coverage of thelanguage. Dealing with conditionality, the authoralso briefly discusses some other important traitsof the language, such as the modal usage of theHebrew infinitive; the relation betweencoordination and subordination and generalfeatures of the Hebrew tense system.

ISBN 3 89586 700 4. LINCOM Studies inAfroasiatic Linguistics 12. 130pp. USD 83.30/ EUR 67.70 / GBP 57.60. 2003.

Use of aspect-tense verbalformsin Akkadian texts ofthe Hammurapi period(17921750 B.C.)

GOLDA H. KAPLANInstitute of Oriental Studies, RussianAcademy of Sciences, St.-Petersburg

The conjugated forms traditionally named as thePresent, Preterite and Perfect are the maincomponents of the Akkadian aspect-tense verbalsystem. The existence of the Akkadian Perfectand the peculiarities of its usage had been thesubject of lengthy discussion. When studying thePerfect in the Middle Assyrian dialect the authorcame to the conclusion that the use of the Perfectin that dialect should have been explained a waydifferent from that suggested by W. von Soden(Grundriss der Akkadischen Grammatik. Roma1952; 19953). Thus, the necessity arose to check

anew the use of the Perfect at the earlier stages ofthe development of Akkadian. The Perfect beinga component of the single aspect-tense verbalsystem, its usage was to be studied along withthat of the Present and Preterite.

The detailed analysis of all the verb contextsin the letters of Hammurapi and in the Code ofHammurapi has led to the following conclusions.

In the texts under discussion as in the OldBabylonian dialect in general the threeconjugated forms could express the action of any

time and aspect. The difference lies, in the firstplace, in the frequency of their use in this or thataspect-tense function. But this difference is sogreat in a number of cases that one can speak ofcertain aspect-tense functions as attached to aparticular verb form.

Comparing Old Babylonian with laterAkkadian dialects shows that the aspect-tensesystem was constantly changing. It is best seen onthe relations of the Preterite and Perfect withinthe past. A clear tendency is observed of thePerfect becoming the form of the punctive in thepast in affirmative sentences (or main clauses)and the Preterite into the form of the punctive inthe past in subordinate clauses.

The changes within the aspect-tense systemwere penetrating into the texts of various genres

not evenly but depending on the closeness of thisor that written genre to the spoken language. Thisseems to explain the uneven distribution of thePerfect in different texts: being an innovation ofAkkadian, the Perfect is more frequent in thetexts which are closer to the spoken language.

It has long been debated on which time andtense should be applied to translate protases ofthe law clauses of the Code of Hammurapi. Theauthor is of the opinion that most protases of thelaw clauses of the Code of Hammurapi should betranslated by the past. Her arguments are asfollows. The law part of the Code of Hammurapias a whole can be considered as the main clauseof a complex sentence whose subordinate clauseof time placed in the Introduction of the Code ofHammurapi refers to the past. So the main clauseseems to refer to the past as well. When used

together in one umma-clause of a protasis thePreterite as a rule denotes a prior action while thePerfect a posterior one. An analogousphenomenon is observed in the Old Babylonianletters in sentences (or main clauses) describingpast events. In the subordinate clauses of protasesthe punctive is expressed as a rule by thePreterite. In Akkadian the punctive of subordinateclauses expressed by the Preterite generallyreferred to the past.

ISBN 3 89586 692 X. LINCOM Studies inAfroasiatic Linguistics 09. 130pp. USD 83.30/ EUR 67.70 / GBP 57.60. 2002.

The Maltese Language of

Australia - MaltraljanRODERICK BOVINGDON

This is a comprehensive linguistic study of theMaltese language of Australia known asMaltraljan (Ausmaltese) as it has evolved overthe last seventy years of Maltese migration toAustralia.

The first two chapters outline the historical,sociological, political and linguistic framework inwhich this continuing phenomenon hasdeveloped. A select glossary of some ninehundred headwordswith several derivations andvariations added thereto, comprises chapter three- the core of the entire work. This lexicalpresentation includes, for the first time ever in thelexical study of Maltese, phonemic transcriptionsfor every entry. No Maltese dictionary or glossaryto date has ever gone into such linguistic depth.In addition to this, the glossary presents an in-depth, though general analysis, of the mainfeatures of Maltraljan (viz. phonological,semantic, morphological, syntactic, as well as


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examples for each entry of conversational usagefor each term and the respective provenancewhen this is known.)

A considerable bibliography is added,providing the researcher and student with amplecross-reference for both cross-checking as wellas for further research.

ISBN 3 89586 331 9. Languages of the World16. 130 pp. USD 78.60 / EUR 63.90 / GBP

54.30. 2001.

Comparative Morphologyof Standard and EgyptianArabic

HASSAN A. H. GADALLAAssiut University

The major concern of this book is thecomparison of the morphological aspects ofStandard Arabic (SA) and Egyptian Arabic (EA).It is divided into five chapters. Chapter Oneprovides a phonological outline of SA and EA. Italso analyses morphological basics and themorphosyntactic preliminaries of the two

varieties. Chapter Two is devoted to themorphology of triradical and quadriradical verbs.In addition, the inflection of verbs foraspect/mood and voice and a treatment of verbalaffixes and verb derivation are provided.

Chapter Three deals with the morphology ofprimary and deverbal nouns. Moreover, thedivergence between definite and indefinite nounsand the inflection of nouns for case, gender andnumber are explained. The formation of thediminutive is also illustrated. Chapter Fourhandles the morphology of adjectival stems.Then, the difference between definite andindefinite adjectives and the inflection ofadjectives for case, gender, number and degreeare analyzed. Furthermore, participial forms andrelational adjectives are discussed. Chapter Fiveis related to the morphology of closed-list classes,

including pronouns, prepositions, adverbs, as wellas interrogative and responsive particles. Finally,negative and possessive particles are exhibited.

ISBN 3 8958 697 2 4. LINCOM Studies inAfroasiatic Linguistics 05. 264pp. USD113.50 / EUR 92.30 / GBP 78.50. 2000.

De la Mdina la Ville Nouvelle:tude ethnolinguistiquedeschoix codiques dans lespaceurbain de Fes (Maroc)

SAMIRA HASSAUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-

Champaign,

Lobjectif de ce travail est de montrer lexistencede liens troits entre lidentit territorialecollective dite culturelle et les choixlinguistiques qui s'oprent dans la ville de Fes.Dans cette recherche, on constate que lhistoiredu Maroc a galement transform le paysagetoponymique de la ville. Ltude toponymiquelongitudinale montre laffaiblissement progressifde la prsence franaise dans les toponymes. Lesaller-retour oprs entre les vnementshistoriques et les changements de dnominationstransparaissent donc dans la smiotique de la villede Fes ce qui, est mettre en parallle avec lapolitique d'arabisation du pays.

La seconde partie est consacre lanalyse

des instances transcodiques (arabe marocain,arabe mdian, arabe standard, et franais) dans lediscours des couturiers et des professeurs darabe,deux professions marques par des clivageshomme/femme et rvlatrices du niveau socialdes ouvriers et de la classe moyenne .Le but estde voir les corrlations entre la variable espace de

travail et les choix codiques. Les conclusionstires de cette recherche dcrivent comment lesrevendications idologiques transparaissent dansles choix oprs de langues lors des alternances

codiques et ouvrent la discussion du lien entrelidentit linguistique et le symbolisme projetpar lespace.

De la Mdina la Ville Nouvelle est lapremire tude ethnolinguistique consacre la mise en mots crite et orale dappartenancescollectives un espace postcolonial en Afrique duNord.

ISBN 978 3 89586 687 6. LINCOM Studies inEthnolinguistics 01. 203pp. USD 83.00 / EUR67.50 / GBP 57.40. 2007.

ETUDE CONTRASTIVEARABE /FRANAIS

CAS DE LA RELATIVEHOURIYA BOUARICHIbn Tofail University, Knitra, Morocco

Cette tude porte sur une comparaison dufonctionnement syntaxique des relatives en arabeet en franais. Lattention est focalise,principalement, dans le cas de la langue arabe, sur LLadi et ses drivs dont les quivalents enlangue franaise sont la fois les pronoms relatifssimples et composs. Toutefois, pour des raisonsde commodits mthodologiques, seuls qui etque sont pris en compte.

Le travail sest astreint larabe et au franais,deux langues loignes lune de lautre tant auniveau morphosyntaxique quau niveauphonologique, vu leur appartenance respectiveaux familles Chamito-smitique et Indo-Europenne.

Ce travail consiste surtout montrer quecertains faits syntaxiques (la dtermination,l'anaphore, l'adjectivisation ), caractrisent larelative et lui apportent un claircissementcertain.

Par ailleurs, chez les anciens grammairiensarabes, la relative n'obit aucunesystmatisation ou souci de classification, en cesens qu'ils traitent une question donne tanttd'un point de vue syntaxique, tantt d'un point devue smantique. Aussi, leur entreprise comporte-t-elle un mlange de syntaxe, de smantique et delogique. Ceci est d au fait que trois disciplines sesont conjugues pour marquer leur esprit : le"fiqh" ; le "kala" et la logique. Ces disciplines ont

permis ces grammairiens d'avoir une vued'ensemble des donnes de la langue arabe, et parl, de comprendre ses mcanismes gnraux.

ISBN 978 3 89586 227 4. Languages of theWorld 36. 132pp. USD 68.30 / EUR 55.50 /GBP 47.20. 2008.

GrammarsInorBERHANU CHAMORA &ROBERTHETZRON

Inor is a Gurage dialect (South-EthiopianSemitic) spoken in South Central Ethiopia byabout 156, 000 speakers. It is one of the mostcomplex and least understood Ethiopian Semiticlanguages.

This monograph provides a sketch of thephonology, morphology, morphosemantics andsyntax of Inor. It presents a synchronicdescription of its consonantal alternations, asobserved in verbs, and establish its phonemicsystem. We show that Inor verbs select one of

two basic patterns: short and long. This divisionapplies to both sound (or transparent) verbs, suchas spr 'break' and girt 'cut into two', andweak (or opaque) verbs, such as a r 'make afence' and bir 'run off suddenly'. A briefdescription of the morphosemantics of verbderivations is also put forth. An overview of thecomplex suffixal system is also provided. Finally,most basic syntactic structures are discussed, asare issues such as tenses and negation.

The monograph contains data and analyseswhich will be of interest to specialists in generallinguistics, as well as to students of Ethiopian,Semitic and African languages.

ISBN 3 89586 977 5. Languages of theWorld/Materials118. 70pp. USD 51.80 / EUR

42.10 / GBP 35.80. 2000.

Palestinian RuralArabic(Abu Shusha dialect)

KIMARYN. SHAHINUniversity of British Columbia

The sketch describes a rural (fellahi) dialect ofPalestinian Arabic. The dialect is that of the pre-1948 Palestine village of Abu Shusha. There arean estimated 1000 speakers of this dialect livingin Ramallah (West Bank), Amman (Jordan), NewJersey (USA) and a few other places. Abu Shusha

fellahi is an endangered variety of Arabic. This isdue to the original dispersian of its speakers andthe resulting inter-dialect contact, the increasingage of its speakers and pressure from StandardArabic (as on all non-urban varieties of thelanguage) to conform to more urban and educatedspeech.

A Detailed Analysisof Moroccan Secret Languages


The aim of this work is to analyze fourteen Moroccan Arabic (MA) secret languages(SLs). These spread in the Moroccan regions of Azrou, Dar El Gueddari, Knitra,

Khmisset and Souk Larbaa (Cf. the relevant map in the map index). This study is afollow-up of ten previous books on MASLs. In this study, we will tackle the secretizing ofnumerous types of MA structures with a consideration of prefixless words, prefixedaffirmative forms, prefixed negated items, miscellaneous functional words, and syntacticstructures. The fourteen SLs are classified in terms of their secretizing mechanisms: sevenInversion SLs, four Substitution-Pseudo-Suffixation SLs, two Pseudo-Infixation SLs andone Re-Patterning SL.

ISBN 978 3 929075 77 9 (Hardbound). LINCOM Handbooks in Linguistics 24. 1006pp. USD240.30 / EUR 179.00 / GBP 169.10. 2010/IV.


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This dialect has not been documented before.Like all Arabic colloquials, it is unwritten. Thepresent sketch addresses the general need fordialectology work on Palestinian Arabic. It alsoaddresses the call for data to permit much neededcomparative work in Arabic syntax andphonology.

This sketch describes the phonemic system ofthe dialect, its morphology (nominal and verbalsystems), and syntax (word order, clausestructure, and clause chaining). Throughout these

sections, those features are identified which aremarkedly Palestinian (vs. Classical) or rural (vs.urban or bedouin). It remains beyond the scope ofthe sketch to compare this dialect with otherArabic colloquials (e.g., Egyptian, Iraqi, etc.).Two phenomena are highlighted. The first is theAbu Shusha vowel system, which has three timesthe inventory of Classical Arabic.

The second is its discourse structure, as foundin oral narrative: features and strategies oftopic/focus, coherence and cohesion. An examplenarrative is provided, with interlinear gloss andEnglish translation. The sketch is based on initialdata gathering from two trips each to New Jerseyand Ramallah in 1989 and 1991.

ISBN 3 89586 960 0. Languages of theWorld/Materials28. 60 pp. USD 53.00 / EUR43.10 / GBP 36.60. (2ndedition) 2000.

G'z (Classical Ethiopic)

STEFAN WENINGERUniversity of Marburg

Gcz, a South-Semitic language, is the classicaltongue of Ethiopia. Extinct as a spoken languagesince the 10th century, it is still used by theEthiopian church, and still influencing the modernlanguages of Ethiopia. In this regard it's comparableto the Classical tongues of Europe, Latin andGreek. After Egyptian and Meroitic it is one of theoldest attested languages of Africa.

The present volumne contains: A short outlineof the problems connected with Gcz phonology;the basic structures of the morphology, with specialreference to the verb; the principles of Gczsyntax; a sample text, thoroughly analyzed ininterlinear translations. Comparative charts of thenomenclature of the verbal stems, a chapter onreseach tools and literature and an amplebibliography should function as a helpful guide toGcz-studies for the non-specialist and faciliatereference. The second revised and enlarged editiontakes account of new findings, the bibliography isupdated and more examples are given.

ISBN 3 89586 604 0. Languages of theWorld/Materials 01. 60pp. USD 51.80 / EUR42.10 / GBP 35.80. (2ndedition)1995.

Canaano-AkkadianSHLOMO IZREELTel Aviv University

During the second millenium BCE, Akkadianserved as the lingua franca of the ancient NearEast. An extensive body of epistolographic textswritten in this language was discovered at Tell el-Amarna, the modern name for the ancient seat ofgovernment of the Egyptian Pharaoh AmenophisIV (Akhenaton). The majority of the Amarnaletters were sent to Egypt by the rulers ofCanaanite cities which, at the time, were part ofthe Egyptian empire.

While the conventional language ofcorrespondence was nominally Akkadian, by theAmarna period, i.e., the 14th century BCE, theCanaanite administration had developed a kind ofmixed language. This language, or rather,linguistic continuum comprising many varieties,was based upon the lexicon of Akkadian, withserious structural interference from the scribes'

primary languages, i.e., the spectrum of WestSemitic dialects spoken in Canaan. As a result ofthis language contact, all levels of the linguisticstructure were affected, especially in the domainsof syntax and morphology, creating a markedsimilarity between this mixed Canaano-Akkadiandiplomatic language and the indigenous WestSemitic Canaanite dialects.

Since we do not possess any substantialwritten record of the Canaanite dialects prior tothe first millennium BCE, the Amarna letters

from Canaan are our only source of knowledgeregarding the linguistic structure of the dialectsspoken in Canaan in the second millenium BCE.The Amarna letters yield linguistic,sociolinguistic and linguistic-cultural materialthat predates both Phoenician and Hebrew as weknow them from the written records of the firstmillenium BCE.

The survey offered in LW/M, which sketchesa concise model of the linguistic systemembodied by this corpus, lays special stress onthe interference between Akkadian and the WestSemitic languages, which resulted in theCanaano-Akkadian mixed languages andlinguistic varieties.

ISBN 3 89586 126 X. Languages of the

World/Materials 82. 92pp. USD 53.00 / EUR43.10 / GBP 36.60. 1998. Second printing, withminor corrections. 2005.

Chadian Arabic

SAMIR ABU-ABSIThe University of Toledo

This sketch deals with an unwritten dialect ofArabic which is spoken in parts of northern andcentral Chad (French Tchad) and which hasreceived serious attention only in the last threedecades. The description and materials used is ofpotential interest to nonspecialists as well as tostudents of Arabic linguistics and dialectology. A

variety of what may be labeled Sudanic Arabic, theChadian dialect manifests certain linguistic featureswhich pose a challenge to its classification in termsof the traditional Eastern/Western or nomadic/sedentary dichotomies.

Included in this study are brief phonological,morphological and syntactic outlines of the dialectfollowed by sample texts in phonemic transcription.It is hoped that enough information is given to be ofhelp to those who do not know Arabic as well as tothose who are familiar with other varieties ofArabic. A number of characteristic features ofChadian Arabic, especially in the area ofphonology, are contrasted with equivalentstructures in Modern Standard Arabic since thelatter is one variety of Arabic which is more likelyto be familiar to most readers.

The materials in this sketch is based mainly on

data collected in the late sixties from a nativespeaker of Chadian Arabic to be used in thepreparation of teaching material for the PeaceCorps. Other materials collected by otherresearchers and published since are also taken intoconsideration.


Sumerian

JOHN HAYESUniversity of California, Berkeley

Sumerian has the distinction of being the oldestattested language in the world. Spoken in thesouthern part of ancient Mesopotamia, the Iraq oftoday, its first texts date to about 3100 BCE.Sumerian died out as a spoken language about2000 BCE, but it was studied in the

Mesopotamian school system as a language ofhigh culture for almost two thousand more years.A language-isolate, Sumerian has no obviousrelatives.

Typologically, Sumerian is quite differentfrom the Semitic languages which followed it inMesopotamia. It is basically SOV, with coregrammatical relationships marked by affixes onthe verb, and with adverbial relationships markedby postpositions, which are cross-referenced byprefixes on the verb. It is split ergative; the

perfect functions on an ergative basis, but theimperfect on a nominative-accusative basis.

Because Sumerian is an isolate, and has beendead for thousands of years, special problemsarise in trying to elucidate its grammar. There arestill major challenges in understanding itsmorphosyntax, and very little is known aboutSumerian at the discourse level. This volume willdescribe some of the major questions still to beresolved.


Modern Hebrew

ORA (RODRIGUE) SCHWARZWALDBar Ilan University

Modern Hebrew revival in Israel during the lastcentury is a unique phenomenon: a writtenlanguage used by Jews over 1700 years for eitherliturgy or writing has become a spoken languageused for all purposes.

Although the revivers of Hebrew tried to basethe spoken language on the grammar of Hebrewclassical periods, the phonetic and grammaticalstructure of Modern Hebrew shows divergencefrom it due to various factors.

New words in Modern Hebrew are derivedprimarily in three ways: 1. combination of aconsonantal root with pattern, e.g. g-d-l+-i-e- >gidel raised,' g-d-l+mi--a- > migdal tower; 2.

stem + affix, e.g. bank+ay > bankay banker,'migdal+i > migdali tower-like; 3. blends, e.g.migdal+ orlight > migdalorlighthouse.' Loanwords are added from various sources with somephonetic adaptation, e.g. bank, telefon, and canfollow Hebrew derivational rules, e.g. telefoniofthe phone (adj),' t-l-f-n+-i-e- > tilfentelephoned(v).'

All verbs are derived by root and (seven)patterns' combination, unlike nouns. There arethree tenses and one mood in the verb. Nouns areeither masculine or feminine. Person inflection inthe verbs is obligatory, and so is prepositioninflection. Nouns and adjectives are inflected fornumber and gender, but possessive inflection islimited in nouns, e.g.yadi ~ hayad elimy hand.'

Modern Hebrew is an SVO language with analternating VSO word order that was dominant inclassical Hebrew. Topicalization and other wordorder shifts are possible. Adjectives follow headnouns, but numeral quantifiers precede them.Nominal sentences with no copula are verycommon in Hebrew, e.g. hi yafa she (is)beautiful.' Copulative verbs are obligatory in thepast or the future tense.

The lexicon of Modern Hebrew is composedof original Hebrew words from all its languageperiods together with loan words. Semantic shiftsoccur in many original words, however, a lot ofthe changes are due to loan translations or loanshifts.

ISBN 3 89586 144 8. Languages of theWorld/Materials 127. 110pp. USD 58.90 /EUR 47.90 / GBP 40.70. 2001.


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Un crole arabe : lekinubi de Mombasa,KenyaXAVIER LUFFINUniversit Libre de Bruxelles

Le kinubi est un crole de base arabe, parl enAfrique de lEst (Kenya, Ouganda, Rpublique

Dmocratique du Congo, Tanzanie) et apparent larabe de Juba (Soudan). Il est parl par unecommunaut musulmane les Nubi dont lesanctres sont venus du sud du Soudan la fin du19me sicle.

La prsente recherche se propose de dcrire lekinubi tel quil est parl actuellement Mombasa,sur la cte kenyane, en mettant laccent dune partsur loriginalit de ce parler par rapport ceux deKibera (Kenya) et de Bombo (Ouganda), et enanalysant dautre part quel a t le rle dusuperstrat (arabe dialectal), du substrat (languessud-soudanaises) et surtout de ladstrat (kiswahiliet anglais) dans sa formation.

En ce qui concerne loriginalit, le kinubi deMombasa prsente une srie de traitsphonologiques et morphologiques qui, mme silssont limits certains locuteurs, napparaissent

pas dans les autres parlers tudis : penthse etapocope moins frquentes, survivance du duel,utilisation du pronom affixe aprs un nom Parailleurs, le kinubi de Mombasa est influenc pardivers parlers, en raison des origines varies deses locuteurs.

En ce qui concerne la formation du kinubi,nous constatons que linfluence du substrat estpeu visible, tandis que le superstrat a jou unrle-cl dans le processus. Enfin, ladstrat exerceactuellement une forte influence sur la langue.Toutefois, langlais et le kiswahili nagissent pasde la mme manire sur le kinubi en gnral,tandis que les autres langues adstratales ont unimpact trs limit. Cette tude tente donc dedterminer quels sont les facteurs linguistiques,sociaux et historiques permettant de comprendrecette diffrence de traitement.

ISBN 3 89586 804 3. LINCOM Studies inPidgin & Creole Linguistics 07. 200pp. USD112.30 / EUR 91.30 / GBP 77.60. 2005.

Kinubi TextsXAVIER LUFFINUniversit Libre de Bruxelles

The Kinubi is an Arabic-based Creole, spokentoday in some parts of East Africa: Kenya,Uganda, Democratic Republic of Congo.Formerly, it was spoken in Tanzania and inSomalia. This language is closely related to JubaArabic, spoken in Southern Sudan. It is thelanguage of a Muslim community the Nubi.

Their ancestors were soldiers who left SouthernSudan in the late 19thcentury, due to the Mahdistrebellion. They went to Uganda, where theyenrolled in the British colonial army.

The target language of Kinubi is mainlySudanese Arabic (actually, various Sudanesedialects). Many features distinguish Kinubi fromDialectal Arabic: phonemic changes, the loss ofgender, the loss of the article al-, the loss of theArabic verbal morphology and the use of TMAmarkers. This language is also highly influencedby English and Swahili.The texts which arepresented in this book have been collected inBombo (Uganda), Kibera (Nairobi, Kenya) andMombasa (Kenya). They deal with the history ofthe Nubi community: their origins in Sudan, theirarrival in Uganda, their settling in other countries

of East Africa, their participation in the First andSecond World Wars. They also cover the post-Independance period.

ISBN 3 89586 835 3. Languages of theWorld/Text Collections 21. 172pp. USD 74.90/ EUR 60.90 / GBP 51.80. 2005.

Ibn Sn: A Treatise onArabic PhoneticsSOLOMON SARA, S.J.Georgetown University

Ibn Sn, also known in the West as Avicenna, isa 10th -11th century Persian Muslim philosopherand scientist. He was born around 980 C.E. /370

H near Bukhara, in modern Uzbekistan, and diedin 1037 C.E. /428 H in Hamedan, in modern Iran.Among his philosophical and scientific works arekitb al-if The book of healing, hiscompendium of philosophy and science, and al-qnuwn fiy al-tibb The canon of medicine hiscompendium of medicine, which was translatedinto Latin and used in European universities asthe primary medical source book for centuries.

The treatise under discussion is a uniquelinguistic-scientific treatise , written in Arabic,about Arabic phonetics from both scientific andlinguistic perspectives. This thoughtful andinnovative treatise went beyond the traditionalimpressionistic descriptions of the sounds ofArabic to include in its purview the threemodalities of phonetics: the acoustic, thearticulatory, and the anatomical/ physiological. In

addition, it delved into comparative phonetics andnatural parallels to the sounds of Arabic. It is ofinterest to linguists and phoneticians to note thatthis uncommonly broad and global perspective onphonetics would become common only in morerecent research in and teaching of phonetics (19 thcentury on). This treatise is a landmark in thescientific study and development of phonetics.

ISBN 978 3 929075 91 5. LINCOM Studies inPhonetics 03. 200pp. USD 86.40 / EUR 70.20 /GBP 59.70. 2009.

Palestinian Texts

KIMARYN. SHAHIN

University of British ColumbiaThis is a collection of Palestinian Arabicnarratives spoken by speakers of both urban andrural Palestinian dialects. It documents dialectaldistinctions which are expected to disappear overthe coming decades. The texts are analysed withreference to the grammatical sketch LW/M Seriesno. 28 by the author and to previous publishedcollections of Palestinian oral texts.

ISBN 3 89586 169 3. Languages of theWorld/Text Collections05. 80pp. USD 62.60 /EUR 50.90 / GBP 43.30. 1999.

re-editions

The Siwi Language

W. SEYMOUR WALKER

The Oasis of Siwa - the most westerly of theoases of Egypt - its people, and their speech, havebeen so long objects of interest and speculation tothe outside world. The author has devoted muchtime and labour, under difficult circumstances, tothe compiling of the Grammar and vocabulariesof the Siwi language hitherto practicallyunknown.

C. V. Stanley, in 1911, and shortly later, J.Quibell, of the Cairo Museum, came to theconclusion that Siwi was Touareg or closely

allied to it. (adapted from the forword andintroduction). The Ethnologue (2009) classifiesSiwi as Afro-Asiatic, Berber, Eastern, Siwa - notclosely related to other Berber languages.Contents: Introduction, abbreviations, theaccidence (transliteration and pronunciation,accent, the article, the noun-substantive, the

noun-adjective, gender, number, numerals, thepronoun, the verb, the preposition, declension, theadverb, the conjunction, the exclamations andinterjections), on the concordance of the verb.Appendices.

This re-edition has been published as no. 31 inthe LINCOM Gramatica (LINGram) series(originally published 1921, London, written inEnglish)

ISBN 978 3 89586 248 9. LINCOMGramatica 31. 99pp. USD 56.30 / EUR 45.80 /GBP 38.90. 2010.

An Elementary Grammar ofthe Ancient EgyptianLanguage in theHieroglyphic Type

P. LE PAGE RENOUF

The Elementary Grammar contained in thisvolume is available for all hieroglyphic textswritten whilst the old Egyptian was still a livinglanguage, and the hieroglyphic system of writingcontinued in its original purity. It is of the utmostimportance that the student should begin withthese texts, for although the vocabulary andgrammar of the later inscriptions resemble thoseof the better period, as closely as modern Latindoes that of the ancient, and although thecontents of these inscriptions are often of thehighest historical and archeological interest, thehieroglyphic system which they exhibit isextremely corrupt, particularly in the Romanperiod; it confounds articulations which theancient Egyptians scrupulously distinguished,signs originally syllabic are used with purelyalphabetic values, the ancient values aresometimes ignored and entirely new onessubstituted. When the original System is morethoroughly known, the corruptions which it hassuffered will be readily learnt (from the preface

of the 1875 edition).Contents: Hieroglyphic Signs, HieroglyphicVocabulary, Nouns and Adjectives, Numbers,Ordinals, Pronouns Prepositions, Adverbs andConjunctions, Intcrjections, Verbs.

This re-edition has been published as no. 18in the LINCOM Gramatica (LINGram) series(originally published 1875, London: SamuelBagster and Sons).

ISBN 978 3 89586 157 4. LINCOMGramatica 18. 140pp. USD 60.80 / EUR 49.40/ GBP 42.00. 2010.

Comparative Grammarof the Semitic

LanguagesDE LACY O'LEARY, D.D.

Already in the eleventh Century A.D. the RabbiJehuda Hayyug (Abu Zakaria Yahya) began toapply the methods of the Arabic grammarians toHebrew and thus unconsciously laid thefoundation of the comparative philology of theSemitic languages. It was already known that aclose relationship existed between Aramaic andHebrew, but it was commonly supposed thatAramaic was a corruption from Hebrew.Theological prepossessions inclined the Jews toregard Hebrew as the parent, not only ofAramaic and Arabic, but of all other languagesas well, and this opinion was generally adopted

by Christian writers also. Even this view,however, admitted that a much closerrelationship existed between Hebrew, Arabic,and Aramaic, than between Hebrew and anyother language; and to this closely related groupa fourth member, Ethiopic, was added in the


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seventeenth Century, the name Ethiopic beingused by Europeans to designate Ge'ez, theancient classical language of Abyssinia. Thedecipherment of the cuneiform inscriptions inthe nineteenth Century added Babylonian-Assyrian as a fifth member (adopted from theintroduction of 1928 edition).

Contents: I. The Semitic Languages (TheSemitic Group, Babylonia and Assyria, Canaan,Aramaic, Arabic (Hijaz dialect, Nejd, Iraq, Syriaand Palestine, Egypt, North Africa, Malta,

Hadramaut, Oman, Southern Arabic),Abyssinian. II. The Consonant sounds. III.Temporary Modifications of Consonants. IV.The Vowels. V. Temporary Modifications ofVowel Sounds. VI. Temporary SyllabicChanges. VII. The Personal Pronoun. VIII.Demonstrative Pronouns. IX. Relative andInterrogative Pronouns. X. The Noun. XI. TheVerb. XII. The particles.

This re-edition has been published as no. 05in the LINCOM Orientalia (LIOR) series(originally published 1928, London: Kegan Paul,Trench, Trubner & Co., Ltd., author's affiliation:Lecturer in Aramaic, Bristol University).

ISBN 978 3 89586 241 0.LINCOM Orientalia05. 298pp. USD 79.70 / EUR 64.80 / GBP

55.10. 2010.

First Steps in AssyrianL.W. KING

The aim of the present work is to furnish thebeginner with all the materials which he willrequire in his earlist studies of the Assyrianlanguage and the cuneiform inscriptions. Itcontains a sketch of the most useful factsconcerning the cuneiform of writing, and anoutline of the principles of Assyrian grammar; alist of the more common signs and ideograms; aseries of texts and extracts printed in the Assyriancuneiform character with interlinear trans-

literation and translation, ranging in date fromabout B.C. 2250 to B.C. 260, and a fullvocabulary to all the texts printed in the book.(Re-edition; originally published 1898 in London;written in English).

ISBN 978 3 86290 004 6. LINCOMOrientalia 01. 542pp. USD 94.50 / EUR 76.80/ GBP 65.30. 2010/IV.

Initia Amharica

An Introduction to SpokenAmharic. Part I. Grammar.

C.H. ARMBRUSTER

Amharic is the language most widely spoken andwritten in Abyssinia at the present day. It isindigenous not only in Amhara, the district fromwhich the name is taken, but over the greater partof Central Abyssinia. As a language of commerceit is heard beyond the limits of Abyssinia proper.Two principal dialects are distinguished, that ofGojjam and that of Shoa (from the introduction).

Contents: Phonetic alphabet, the Amhariccharacters, punctuation, doubling consonants,crasis or contraction of adjacent vowels,substantive, the Ethiopic accusative, pronouns,numerals, primitive and derived forms of theverb, voice, mood, tense, contingent, jussive,paradigms of derived forms of the verb, syntax,

etc. (Re-edition; originally published 1908 inCambridge; written in English)

ISBN 978 3 86290 149 4. LINCOMGramatica 109. 422pp. USD 89.60 / EUR72.80 / GBP 61.90. 2010/IV.

Grammar of PalestinianJewish Aramaic

WM. B. STEVENSON

This introduction to Palestinian Jewish Aramaicpresupposes a general knowledge of Hebrew andsome other Semitic language, such as Syriac orArabic. It is intended primarily to equip students

of the Targums and the Aramaic portions of thePalestinian Talmud and Midrashim, and toprovide a help to the study of the Aramaicelements contained in the writing (from thepreface, p. 3). The grammar contains chapters onorthography, nominal morphology (pronouns.interrogatives, demonstratives, declensions),verbal morphology (stems, tenses, infinitives,participles). (Re-edition; originally published1924 in Oxford; written in English):

ISBN 978 3 86290 025 1. LINCOMGramatica 46. 98pp. USD 52.20 / EUR 42.40 /GBP 36.00. 2010/IV.

Genesius's Hebrew and

Chaldee Lexicon of the OldTestament Scriptures

WILLIAM GESENIUS, S.P. TREGELLES(TRANS.)

The study of the Original Languages of the OldTestament is one of the importance of which cansurcely be over-estimated. To know effectivelythe Holy Scriptures in one owns vernacular isindeed a valuable acquirement.Whether in regardof the discoveries of modern archaeologists inAssyrian and Egyptian antiquities, as well asthose in the Holy Land itself, every student of theBible will be glad to be able to investigate forhimself the ipsissima verba of the holy men of

God. In putting forth this edition of Prof.William Geseniuss Hewbrew anD ChaldeeLexicon, the PublisHers have consulted therequirements of Bublical students generally (fromthe preface).

(Re-edition; originally published 1894 inLondon; written in English)


Le Chaouia de l'Aurs(Dialecte de l'Ahmar-Khaddou). tude

gramaticale - Texte endialecte Chaouia

GUSTAVE MERCIER

Le Chaouia font parties des Berbres compris parIbn Khaldoun sous le nom de Berbres deZntes. Il est probable que les Zntesse sonttablis dans lAfrique septrentrionale unepoque beaucoup rcente que les anciennesBerbres de Loua et de Sanhaga. Les Chaouiasapellent eux-mme leur langue hakbaylith,kabyle. Table des matires: Premire partie:tude grammaticale (du nom, des prnoms,adjective qualificatifs, du verbe, des particules,numration, du calendrier). Deuxime partie:

Fables et legendes.(Re-edition; originally published 1896 inParis; written in French)

ISBN 978 3 86290 112 8. LINCOMGramatica 89. 88pp. USD 52.20 / EUR 42.40 /GBP 36.00. 2010/IV.

Materialien zum Studiumder arabischenBeduinendialekteInnerafrikas

GEORG KAMPFFMEYER

Das arabische Element Innerafrikas hat bisher nurin sehr geringem Mae die Aufmerksamkeitinsbesondere derer, die sich die Erkenntnisse derarabischen Sprache vorgesetzt haben, gefunden.Seit schon bald fnfzig Jahren liegen uns von vierarabischen Dialekten Innerafrikas sehr erheblicheSprachproben vor, ohne dass sie von Arabistenbeachtet worden sind (aus der Einleitungentlehnt). In seiner Arbeit vergleichtKampffmeyer u.a. Sprachproben verschiedenerarabischer Beduinendialekte, so aus einem Schoa-Dialekt, einem Wadai-Dialekt, einem Dialekt vonAdrar (in der westlichen Sahara) und des Dialektsder Brakna (Re-edition; originally published 1899in Berlin; written in German).


Lehrbuch derAssyrischen Spracheund Keilschrift

J. ROSENBERG

Die assyrische Sprache gehrt zurnordsemitischen Sprachengruppe. Sie warNationalsprache der Assyrer und Babylonier,fand aber in der Bltezeit der assyro-babylonischen Herrscher weit ber die Grenzendes Heimatlandes in diplomatischen und offizielleKorrespondenzen Verwendung. Als usserste

Zeitpunkte der Blte der assyrischen Sprachenknnen wir bezeichnen 1400 v. Chr. bis 280 v.Chr. Die Schrift der Assyrer, die Keilschrift,stand noch whrend eines lngeren Zeitraumes imGebrauch. Inhalt: Schriftlehre (mit Tafeln),Lautlehre, Formenlehre, Syllabar, Chrestomatieund bersetzung, Texte in Keilschrift mitAussprachebezeichnung und bersetzung (Re-edition; originally published 1890 in Wien;written in German)

ISBN 978 3 86290 134 0. LINCOMGramatica 97. 188pp. USD 67.40 / EUR 54.80/ GBP 46.60. 2010/IV.

Vorstudien zur Grammatik

und zum Wrterbuche derSoqotri-Sprache

MAXIMILIAN BITTNER

Unter dem Titel Vorstudien zur Grammatik undzum Wrterbuche der Soqotri-Sprache gedenkeich eine Reihe von Abhandlungen zuverffentlichen, welche die auffallendsten undwichtigsten Erscheinungen der Sprache der InselSoqotra in grammatischer und lexikalischerHinsicht zum Gegenstande haben. Daneben solldiese Band auch zeigen, wie innig Mehri, Shuriund Soqotri miteinander zusammenhngen undwie diese drei Mhara-Sprachen, wie ich sie fortannennen mchte, vom Arabischen sowohl als auch

vom thiopischen sich abscheiden. Zugrundegelegt ist diesen Vorstudien das in den Bndender Sdarabischen Expediation der KaiserlichenAkademie der Wissenschaften in Wienpublizierte Soqotri-Material (Re-edition; original-ly published 1913/18 in Wien; written in German)


10/12




Arabic Grammar.Paradigms, Literature, Exercisesand Glossary

A. SOCIN

The aim of A. Socins Arabic Grammar is tofurnish intending students of classical Arabicwith the most important rules both of theAccidence and of the Syntax in the briefestpossible form. Contents: Orthography andPhonology, Accidence (the pronoun, the verb, thenoun, the numerals, particles), Syntax (tenses andmoods, government of the verb, government ofthe noun, the single sentence, composedsentences), appendix, Literature, paradigms,exercises and texts, glossaries (Re-edition;originally published 1895 in London; written inEnglish).

ISBN 978 3 86290 079 4. LINCOMOrientalia 22. 176pp. USD 65.00 / EUR 52.80

/ GBP 44.90. 2010/IV.

Studien zur Laut- undFormenlehre der Mehri-Sprache in Sdarabien

MAXIMILIAN BITTNER

Die vorliegenden Aufzeichnungen gehen auf dieTexte, das Wrterbuch und die Grammatik Jahnsund die von D.H.Mller aufgenommenen Mehri-Texte zurck (als Ergebnisse der SdarabischeExpedition, von der Kaiserlichen Akademie inWien 1908 ausgesandt).

Der Bau der Mehri-Sprache soll nicht blo

vom Standpunkte des Arabischen aus untersuchtwerden. Das Mahri ist kein arabischer Dialekt(wie noch 1873 von v. Maltzan bezeichnet). Sokommen im Mehri andere Tatsachen vor, die sichweder im klassischen noch modernen Arabisch,wohl aber in anderen semitischen Sprachen undda besonders im thiopischen nachweisen lassen(aus der Einleitung des ersten Bandes).

Bei der Neuausgabe werden die Bnde I: ZumNomen im engeren Sinne, II.Zum Verbum, III.Zum Pronomen in Sdarabien, IV. Zu denPartikeln zu einem Buch zusammengefat.(Re-edition; originally published 1090/1913 inWien; written in German)

ISBN 978 3 86290 125 8. LINCOMGramatica 91. 467pp. USD 94.50 / EUR 76.80

/ GBP 65.30. 2010/IV.

An Introduction to theStudy of the ChaldeeLanguage comprising aGrammar

GEORGE LONGFIELD

The Chaldee Grammer which forms the first partof this work is mainly based upon Winer's"Grammatik des Biblischen und TargumischenChaldaismus". The present grammar, thoughshorter than Winer's, will probably be consideredsufficently extensive for the class of students forwhom it is intended, - those who are alreadyacquainted with the principles of HebrewGrammar.

The fact that the Chaldee is the originallanguage of a portion of the Scriptures would

alone justify an attempt like the present to furnisha simple introduction to the study of the language.Its importance, in a philological sense of view,and as affording aid to the student in acquiringthe other Semitic dialects, and especially theSyriac, to which it is intimately related, will alsobe generally admitted (from the preface).Contents: Of the elements (letters, vowels, andacents, changes of consonants and vowels). Partsof speech and inflexion (pronouns, verb, nouns,

particles). Syntax.Paradigms. Analysis of the textof the Chaldee portion of the book of Daniel,Index (Re-edition; originally published 1859 inLondon; written in English).


Der Dschbrtidialekt derSomalisprache

LEO REINISCH

Die Jabrti bewohnen das Kstenland des

afrikanischen Osthorns von Ras Hafun bis hinabzum quator. Sie zerfallen in zwei Hauptstmme,Dgil und Hye. Ihre Sprache bildet einen Dialektdes Somali (aus der Einleitung der Original-ausgabe 1903; Sitzungsber. der phil.-hist. KlCXLVVIII. Bd. 5; der Autor war bei Anfertigungder Arbeit Mitglied der Kaiserlichen Akademieder Wissenschaften).

Die Kurzgrammatik beinhaltet Kapitel zurLautlehre (Sprachlaute, Lautvernderungen(Konsonanten, Vokale, Akzent), Formenlehre(Artikel, Substantiv, Adjektiv, Numerale,Pronomen, Verbum, Prpoisitionen, Adverbien),Texte, ein Dschbrti-Deutsches Wrterbuch, imAnhang Somalitexte nach dem Dictat einesHabar-Auwal.

In his grammatical sketch Leo Reinischfocuses on nominal and verbal morphology ofJaparti, a dialect of Somali. The study alsoincludes basic information on phonology andmorphology (verbs, nouns, adjectives, personalpronouns, numbers, prepositions, adverbs andcontains several texts and a small Jabarti German dictionary (originally published 1903,written in German).

ISBN 978 3 89586 099 7. LINCOMGramatica 11. 120S. USD 60.50 / EUR 49.20 /GBP 41.80. 2010/IV.

Geseniuss HebrewGrammar

E. ROEDIGER(ed.)

Geseniuss Hebrew Grammar is one of mostcomprensive grammars on Hebrew published inthe 19th century, and re-edited many times tilltoday. Contents: Introduction (Semitic languagesin general, historic survey of the Hebrewlanguage). Part I: The elements (orthogaphy,vowels, accents, consonant, pecularities andchanges of letters, the syllables and tone), Part II:Forms and inflections, ot the parts of the speech(pronoun, strong and week verb, connection ofthe subject with the predicate, use of theparticles), Hebrew reading book and exercises(Biblical Greek done into Hebrew, exercises inunpointed Hebrew, Fables of Loqman, Biblelessons, bible words and sentences).

(Re-edition; originally published 1876 in London;written in English)

ISBN 978 3 89586 196 3. LINCOM Gra-matica 12. 460pp. USD 88.00 / EUR 72.80 /GBP 60.40. 2010/IV.

Kurzgefasste VergleichendeGrammatik der SemitischenSprachen.Elemente derLaut- und Formenlehre

CARL BROCKELMANN

Semiten nannte Schlzer i.J. 1781 auf Grund der

Vlkertafel Gen. 10,21 ff. die Hebrer, Aramer,Araber und Abessinier als Glieder einesgemeinsamen Stammes, die sich als solche durchdie nahe Verwandtschaft ihrer Sprachenauszeichnen.

Der semitische Sprachstamm, dem dieEntdeckungen des 19. Jahrh. namentlich noch dasAssyrisch-Babylonische angliederten, zerfllt inzwei Hauptzweige, in Ostsemitisch undWestsemitisch. Das Ostsemitische, das sich amfrhesten selbstndig entwickelte, besteht aus denbeiden aufs engste verwandten Dialekten,Babylonisch und Assyrisch, und ist uns durchDenkmler in Keilschrift, von mindestens ausdem 4. Jahrtausend vor Chr. bis ins 1. Jahrh. vorChr. bekannt. Das Westsemitsche gliedert sich inzwei Hauptgruppen, das Nord- und dasSdwestsemitsche. Das Nordwestsemitsiche um-

fat das Kanaanische und das Aramische. Zuden kannaanischen Dialekten sind dasIsraelitisch-Hebrische und das Phnizische (miteinem Auslufer im Westen, dem Punischen), zuzhlen (aus der Einleitung).(Re-edition; originally published 1908 in Berlin;written in German)


gyptische Grammatikmit Schrifttafel, Literatur,Lesestcken und Wrterverzeichnis

ADOLF ERMAN

Die gyptische Sprache ist eine Verwandte dersemitischen Sprachen, der ostafrikanischenSprachen und der Berbersprachen Nordafrikas.Ihre ltesten Sprachdenkmler gehren noch indas vierte Jahrtausend v. Chr., ganz ausgestorbenist es erst vor drei Jahrhunderten.

In diesem Buche wird das Altgyptischebehandelt, das als gelehrte Literatursprache bis indie rmische Zeit hinein verwendet worden ist(aus der Einleitung). Inhalt: Schrift- undLautlehre, Pronomina, Nomina, Verba, Partikel,Stze, Schrifttafel, Literatur, Lesestcke,Wrterverzeichnis (Re-edition; originallypublished 1902 in Berlin; written in German)

ISBN 978 3 86290 170 8. LINCOMGramatica 120. 276pp. USD 68.70 / EUR56.80 / GBP 47.10. 2010/IV.

A New Practical Grammar ofthe Modern Arabic of Egypt

S. SPIRO BEYHaving made modern Arabic my particular studyfor over thirty years and having taught it both inEgypt and Geneva, it occurred to me to put mylessons in book form and present them to thepublic. The system adopted is that of Europeangrammar with which the student is familiar.

Contents: Alphabet, article, noun (number,gender, case), adjective, verb, exercises to all

chapters (Re-edition; originally published 1912 inLondon; written in English):

ISBN 978 3 86290 148 7. LINCOM Tutoria04. 269pp. USD 67.10 / EUR 54.50 / GBP46.30. 2010/IV.


11/12

AFROASIATIC LANGUAGES & NEAR EASTERN STUDIES Minoan Linear A


An Egyptian Grammar withChrestomathy and Glossary

SAMUEL A.B. MERCER

The book is intended for Beginners.Experience inteaching Oriental languages has taught me thatthe beginner needs a textbook which is bothsimple and also supplied with exercises. Thebook is designed primarily for use in colleges,seminaries, and universities, and is meant toprovide an academic year's work of three hours aweek.

The needs of the private student were alsokept in mind. Egyptian is difficult. Nor havecompilers of Egyptian grammrs done much tomake it attractive to the student. It is with this inmind that I have prepared this book. I havedivided the grammar into chapters or lessons, andsupplied each chapter with copious exercises. Iam sure that if the student works through theselessons with care an dilligence he will have notrouble with the reading exercises which follow(Re-edition; originally published 1927 in London;written in English)

ISBN 978 3 86290 172 2. LINCOM Orientalia43. 194pp. USD 68.70 / EUR 56.80 / GBP47.10. 2010/IV.

Notes grammaticales sur lalangue Galla ou Oromo

Fr. A. (ANDRE JAROSSEAU, accordingto WEB-BALL, LLACAN)

Table des matires: Alphabet oromo, du genre, dunombre, radical et terminaison, du substantif, del'adjectif, du pronom, du verbe, adverbe,prpositon, conjunction, interjection, particulesaffixes prfixes, particules affixes suffixes,

euphonisme (Re-edition; originally published1922 in Dir-Daoua (Abyssinie); written inFrench)

ISBN 978 3 86290 105 0. LINCOM Gramatica85.164pp. USD 90.50 / EUR 74.80 / GBP 62.2010/IV.

Kurzgefate Grammatik derBiblisch-AramischenSprache, Literatur,Paradigmen, Texte undGlossar

KARL MARTIInhalt: Schrift- und Lautlehre (u.a. dieKonsonantenschrift, die Vokalbezeichnung, diemasorethischen Beizeichen, Prosthese u.Insertion, Verderung der Vokale beim Wechseleines Tones), Formenlehre (u.a. Pronomen,Verbum, Nomen, Zahlwort, Partikel), Bemer-kungen zur Syntax (u.a. die Rektion desVerbums, die Kombination der Nomina, dereinfache Satz, Satzverbindung und Satzgefge),Literatur, Paradigmata, Texte und Glossar (diearamischen Stcke des Alten Testaments, Texteaus den Papyrusfunden von Elephantine), Glossar(Re-edition; originally published 925 in Berlin;written in German)

ISBN 978 3 86290 173 9. LINCOM Gramatica121. 226pp. USD 68.20 / EUR 56.40 / GBP46.80. 2010/IV.

Assyrische Grammatikmit Paradigmen, bngsstcken,Glossar und Literatur

FRIEDRICH DELITZSCH

Die vorligende Grammatik will Assyriologen undSemitisten gleichermaen dienen, indem sie ihnendie gegenwrtigen Resultate der assyrischengrammatischen Forschung in mglichst knapperbersichtlicher Zusammenstellung darreicht.Inhalt: Kurze Geschichte der Ausgrabung,Entzifferung und der grammatischen Forschung.Schriftlehre (Keilschriftcharacter der babyl.-assyr. Schrift, Entwicklung der Silbenschrift, zurVokalschreibung, zur Konsonantenschreibung),Lautlehre (Vokale, Konsonanten, Akzent),Formenlehre (Pronomen, Nomen, Verbum),Satzlehre (die einzelnen Redeteile, der Satz),Paradigmata, Chrestomathia, Glossarium,Litteratura (Originally published 1889 in Berlin,written in German).

ISBN 978 3 89586 046 1.LINCOM Gramatica03. 454pp. USD 92.90 / EUR 76.80 / GBP63.70. 2010.

tudes Phonologiques surle dialecte arabe vulgaire deBeyrouth

EMANUEL MATTSON

Dans les pages suivantes nous tcherons dedonner un expos succint de la phonologie dudialecte "vulgaire" de Beyrouth. Table desmatires: Qualit des sons (consonnes,changements des consonnes, voyelles,changements des voyelles, synthse des sons (Re-edition; originally published 1911 in Upsala;written in French).


Das Zahlwort vier und neunin den chamitisch-semiti-schen Sprachen

LEO REINISCH

(Re-edition; originally published 1890in Wien; written in German)

ISBN 978 3 86290 181 4. LINCOM Orientalia46. 44pp. USD 39.40 / EUR 32.60 / GBP 27.00.2010/IV.

Grammaire arabe vulgaire

P. CAUSSIN DE PERCEVAL

Table des matires: des lettres de l'alphabet - duverbe (tableaux des six classes, voix passive, etc),des noms, des adjectives, de l'article, de ladclinaison, des pronoms personelles, chiffres etnumration, prpositions, adverbes, conjunctions,interjections, concordance, phrases d'usage pourla conversation, textes (Re-edition; originally

published 1858 in Paris; written in French).


Aramisch-NeuhebrischesHandwrterbuchzu Targum, Talmud und Midrasch

D. GUSTAF H. DALMAN

Was in dieser zweiten Auflage des Wrterbuchesgeboten wird, ist u.a. folgendes: DieVokalisation, besonders der aramischen Wrter,ist verbessert worden. Der Wortschatz desOnkelostargum ist durch Zitate kenntlich gemachtworden. Griechischen und LateinischenFremdwrtern werden die entsprechendenquivalente aus diesen Sprachen beigefgt,persische Lehnwrter werden gekennzeichnet.Nur der nachweisbare Sprachgebrauch wurde beiden Wortbedeutungen bercksichtigt, alle bloangenommenen Grundbedeutungen der Wrterfielen weg (Re-edition; originally published 1922in Frankfurt; written in German)


Minoan Linear AAn Introduction toMinoan Linear A

JOHN MARANGOZISNational Technical University of Athens

This work is a study of the Minoan Linear Alanguage, i.e. the language of Minoan Crete in theBronze Age. The Linear A materials and datawhich have been available for examination iscomposed of only 1400 inscribed clay tablets orfragments, and some stone and metallic objects.The method used in the examination and reviewof each inscription is the scrutiny of the messageeach conveyed and the qualitative andquantitative information given, its comparisonwith other relevant inscriptions, its logicalinterpretation and correlation, the conclusionsallowed to be drawn, and the problems that maybe resulting or counter arguments which mayhave to be contemplated.

The Linear A syllabary, revised and enriched,was compared to the Luwian hieroglyphic signs;15 out of 78 signs have a Luwian counterpart;thus no claim of complete similarity can be made.The Linear A glossary contains about 1025 wholeor broken words. Most of them are notunderstood yet. Among those which areunderstood, 45 words have a Luwian counterpart.Inscriptions on votive offerings are dedications todivinities, like to goddess A.SA.SA.RA (theMadonna of the Luwians) or to DA.MA.TE (the

Earth Mother or Demeter). The Linear A Glossaryreveals a glossary of terms in food andagricultural products, on metals, vessels andartefacts and on a number of place names andpersonal names. Most of the technical words wereterms borrowed from Sumerian, Semitic orAkkadian languages.

The Hagia Triada tablets are a wealth ofinformation on many subjects. There is a series oftablets relating to Minoan religious sanctuariesdedicated to Adu, Tinita and Akaru, indicatingthe worship in Crete of deities from theSyropalestinian coast. Large quantities of wheat,wine and oil, also of s

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Origin of Amharic

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