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ITU’s activities on Smart Grid Hiroshi Ota ITU, Telecommunication Standardization Bureau 15 November 2012
ITU’s activities on Smart Grid
Hiroshi Ota
ITU, Telecommunication Standardization Bureau
15 November 2012
Outline
Introduction to ITU
General aspects
Smart grids in different economies
ITU and Smart Grid
ITU’s family of PLC recommendations
ITU cooperation with other SDOs
2
– ITU – INTERNATIONAL
TELECOMMUNICATION UNION
UN agency for telecommunication and ICTs
Founded in 1865, oldest international organization
Members:
193 Governments and regulatory bodies
710 Private Sector
36 Academia
UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon
ITU Secretary-General Hamadoun
Touré
ITU = ITU-T + ITU-R + ITU-D ITU-T: develops ICT standards ITU-R: manages radio spectrum & satellite orbits ITU-D: promotes ICT development
Common Patent Policy among ITU/ISO/IEC
Basis for the international telecommunications networks, over 3000 standards (Recommendations)
Increasingly extending to all aspects of ICTs
Governments and the private sectors work together
Develop OPEN standards for telecommunication networks
and services that connect the world
Introduction to ITU
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New work items can be agreed and started at any time, no complex procedures are necessary
Work areas (Questions) in each Study Groups are up and running
Fast in developing standards From weeks to 2-3 years
Recommendations can be approved very fast Average: 9.5 weeks
Very fast in publishing standards Couple of weeks for pre-published web version after approval A few months for edited version
Efficient Working Methods
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Outline
Introduction to ITU
General aspects
Smart grids in different economies
ITU and Smart Grid
ITU’s family of PLC recommendations
ITU cooperation with other SDOs
6
Smart Grid: definition
The "Smart Grid" is a two way electric power delivery network connected to an information and control network through sensors and control devices. This supports the intelligent and efficient optimization of the power network. (Terminology deliverable from the ITU-T Focus Group on Smart Grid)
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Smart Grid Overview - A conceptual model
Source: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
Smart Grid benefit: cut peak load
Through AMI (Advanced Metering Infrastructure) – two way communication
Demand/response: cut energy use during times of peak demand
Dynamic pricing: encourages to reduce power consumption voluntarily during peak period
Smart Grid benefit: Integrating renewable energy
Output of renewable energy sources (wind, solar ...) varies
makes integration with conventional power grid difficult
Smart Grid:
Wide-Area Situational Awareness
Electric vehicles-to-grid (load and electric storage)
Outline
Introduction to ITU
General aspects
Smart grids in different economies
ITU and Smart Grid
ITU’s family of PLC recommendations
ITU cooperation with other SDOs
11
Smart Grid for sub-Saharan Africa
Research paper “Smart and Just Grids: Opportunities for sub‐Saharan Africa”
In 2009: 70% of Sub-saharan Africa population had no access to electricity
Green field approach: leapfrog traditional power systems
In short term: leapfrogging to occur for components based on ICT
Details are at: http://ourworld.unu.edu/en/smart-and-just-grids-options-for-sub-saharan-africa/
Smart grids in different economies
Electricity is a key driver for economic development and social wellness
Disparity among different countries is evident in
production of electricity;
grid infrastructures.
Most developing countries have power grids with limited coverage and low efficiency
In many developing countries just a very small part of the population has access to the electrical grid!
They need “Just” Grids.
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Source: www.iea.org/textbase/nppdf/free/2008/weo2008.pdf
Electrification
Africa vs. Europe
Smart grids in different economies
Smart Grids have the potential to fill the gap
sustainable and low-cost production of electricity by large integration of renewables;
microgrids and islanding mode of operation for rural areas;
improvement of efficiency by grid monitoring;
reliable and cheaper supply of electricity by demand-response mechanisms;
new business models to address specific needs of low-income customers and reduce administrative costs related to meter readings and billing.
ICT must be ready to address the challenges of developing countries
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Key issues, challenges and opportunities for ICT
Modern paradigms often rely on rich and flexible data description
o Risk of transmission delays, network overload and unacceptable performance for time-critical applications.
Coexistence of multiple technologies – no “one fits all” solution
o wireline = higher performance, but with higher deployment costs (remote areas)
o wireless = cost-effective solutions, but performance limits and reach limitations; interferences can happen
Survivability of the telecommunication network to blackouts
ICT for SG has to be carefully designed and standardized to:
Maximize SG benefits
Guarantee a stable energy system
Avoid ICT to become an unacceptable energy burden itself
ICT is the enabler of a more efficient electrical system and for the electrification of developing countries
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Outline
Introduction to ITU
General aspects
Smart grids in different economies
ITU and Smart Grid
ITU’s family of PLC recommendations
ITU cooperation with other SDOs
16
The fundamental challenge in power grids is to ensure the balance of generation and demand
The fundamental challenge in the Smart Grid is to ensure balance of generation and demand when integrating all those new technologies that are aimed at addressing in a sustainable manner energy independence and modernization of the aging power grid:
Utility scale Renewable Energy Sources (RES) feeding into the transmission system
Distributed Energy Resources (DER) feeding into the distribution system
Plug-in (Hybrid) Electric Vehicles (PHEV)
Demand Side Management (DSM)
Consumer participation
Storage to compensate for the time varying nature of some renewables
Role of ICT in Smart Grid
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• Supporting the above technologies and applications, requires the availability of a modern, flexible, and scalable communications network that ties monitoring and control together
• The true “key” enabler for the Smart Grid is the availability of a pervasive two-way data communication network across the whole grid, from generation to load
Smart grid services
& applications Security control
and management
Intelligent grid management
Advance metering infrastructure
Home automation (appliances, PEV, etc.)
Information Communication Infrastructure
Role of ICT in Smart Grid
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Mitigation of climate change and improving energy efficiency
Report: “Boosting Energy Efficiency Through Smart Grids”
Details are at http://www.itu.int/ITU-T/climatechange/report-smartgrids.html
This report discusses the role of ICT in the smart grid with a view of energy efficiency, with the ultimate goal of hindering climate changes.
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Items SGs and aspects
(1) M2M
FG M2M Service Layer use cases, requirements, APIs and protocols for healthcare and other application
SG13
Q3/13 USN, MOC
Q.A/13 (currently Q.3/13) Requirements for NGN evolution (NGN-e) and its capabilities including support of IoT
Q.C/13 (currently Q.5/13) Functional architecture for NGN evolution (NGN-e) including support of IoT Q12/13 Ubiquitous networking (object to object communication)
SG15 Q1/15 IP home network
SG16 Q25/16 USN applications and services
(2) Smart metering SG15 Q4c/15 PHY/DLL aspects of smart metering
(3) Vehicle communication
CITS Collaboration on ITS Communication Standards http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/extcoop/cits/
SG13 Q12/13 networked vehicle
SG16 Q27/16 Vehicle gateway platform for telecommunication/ITS services /applications
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Related Work in ITU-T (1/2)
Items SGs and aspects
(4) Access and Home networking
SG9
Q5/9 Functional requirements for a universal integrated receiver or set-top box for the reception of advanced content distribution services
Q9/9 The extension of network-based content distribution services over broadband in Home Networks
SG13 Q12/13 Next generation home network
SG15 Q1 and Q2/15 IP home network and access network QoS Q4a/15 Broadband in-premises networking Q4b/15: Home networking related Smart Grid comms
SG16 Q21/16 home network services
(5) Energy saving network
SG13
Q.N/13 (split from Q21/13) Environmental and socio-economic sustainability in Future Networks and early realization of FN
Q12/13 Evolution towards integrated multi-service networks and interworking
(6) Smart Grid SG15 Q4c/15 Communications for Smart Grid
(7) Security SG17 Q6/17 Security functional architecture for smart grid services using telecommunication network
(8) Climate change SG5 Mitigation of climate change and improving energy efficiency 21
Related Work in ITU-T (2/2)
Items SGs and aspects
(1) Smart Grid power management systems
WP 1A
Coexistence of wired telecommunication (including PLT) and radiocommunication systems
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Related Work in ITU-R
When? Established in Feb. 2010, concluded in Dec. 2011
Management Team
Title Name Chairman Mr Les Brown (Lantiq, Germany) Vice Chairman Ms Li Haihua (MIIT, China) Vice Chairman Mr Hyungsoo Kim (Korea Telecom, Korea)
Vice Chairman Mr Yoshito Sakurai (Hitachi, Japan) Vice Chairman Mr David Su (NIST, USA) TSB Secretariat Mr Hiroshi Ota TSB Assistant Ms Emmanuelle Labare
Focus Group on Smart Grid
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Scope: Identify impacts on standards development
Investigate ITU-T study items
Familiarize ITU-T with emerging attributes of Smart Grid
Encourage collaboration between ITU-T membership and utilities/Smart Grid community
Objective: Collect and document information and concepts that would be helpful for developing Recommendations to support Smart Grid from an ICT perspective
Web site: http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/smart/
FG Smart - Scope
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Tasks assigned to the Focus Group to meet this objective include:
update living list of standards bodies, forums, and consortia dealing with smart grid
identify use cases of smart grid that can be used to derive communication network requirements
analyze communication networking requirement functions and capabilities to support smart grid
provide terminology/taxonomy necessary to support Smart Grid
suggest future ITU-T study items and related actions
The complete terms of reference can be found at:
http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/smart/Pages/tor.aspx
FG Smart - Tasks
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FG Smart - Output
Concluded in 12/2011, FGSmart produced five documents:
Use Cases for Smart Grid
Requirements of communication for Smart Grid
Smart Grid Architecture
Smart Grid Overview
Terminology
Documents are available at http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/smart/
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Joint Coordination Activity on Smart Grid and Home Networking
(JCA-SG&HN) Successor mechanism after the FG on Smart Grid
Created in January 2012
The scope is the coordination of standardization work concerning all network aspects of Smart Grid and Home Networking
Details available at:
http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/jca/SGHN/Pages/default.aspx
Title Name
Convener Mr Richard Stuart (Lantiq, Germany)
Co-convener Mr Les Brown (Lantiq, Germany)
Co-convener Mr Stefano Galli (ASSIA, USA)
ITU Secretariat Mr Hiroshi Ota
ITU Assistant Ms Emmanuelle Labare 27
Outline
Introduction to ITU
General aspects
Smart grids in different economies
ITU and Smart Grid
ITU’s family of PLC recommendations
ITU cooperation with other SDOs
28
New Q4c/15 Rapporteur Group
Officially formed in January 2012, but work initiated earlier in Q4/15
Scope: Physical layer, data link layer, network layer, and transport layer communications protocols in support of smart grid applications
Communications architecture in support of Smart Grid applications
Communications requirements in support of Smart Grid applications
Current projects: NB-PLC, PHY and DLL
Short range wireless
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ITU-T family of PLC Recommendations
G.9960/61:
Multiple media, bit rates of hundreds
Mb/s to 1Gb/s; MIMO for PLC; BB
networking & entertainment
G.9960/61 LCP:
Reduced bit rate (5-20 Mb/s),
complexity, and power consumption
G.990x - NB PLC family:
Bit rates up to 1 Mb/s, high
robustness; low complexity and
power consumption
Highest performance
Lowest cost 30
G.9960/61
(G.hn)
2-100 MHz
G.9960/61
(G.hn LCP)
2-25 MHz
G.990x
(G.hnem, G3,
and PRIME)
9-490 kHz
• Low complexity OFDM-based NB-PLC technology optimized for Smart Grid and home automation, addresses both access (low/medium voltage distribution lines) and in-home applications at frequencies below 500 kHz
• ITU-T SG15 initiated the approval process for the following Recommendations in September 2012:
1. G.9901: Narrow-band OFDM power line communication transceivers - Power spectral density (PSD) specification.
2. G.9902 (G.hnem): Narrow-band OFDM power line communication transceivers – G.hnem Cenelec A, B, CD, and FCC.
3. G.9903 (G3-PLC): Narrow-band OFDM power line communication transceivers – G3-PLC Cenelec A and FCC.
4. G.9904 (PRIME): Narrow-band OFDM power line communication transceivers – PRIME Cenelec A.
NB-PLC Recommendations
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G.hn suite of BB-PLC Recs
Best-in-class home networking performance (up to 1 Gbps) supporting all types of inside wiring:
Powerline, Coax, Phoneline, CAT 5
Best-in-class ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC) control tools (in cooperation with ITU-R experts)
PSD limit and shaping, fixed & dynamic frequency notching
Necessary tools to meet the ucoming CENELEC prEN 50561-1 requirements
Dynamic power control minimizes transmitted power
G.hn Recommendations: G.9960 Physical layer (support of relay nodes)
G.9961 Data link layer (supports full QoS and multicast)
G.9962 HN management (including BBF TR69 support)
G.9963 MIMO (advanced performance)
G.9964 HN power spectrum limits for EMC
G.9972 coexistence with other broadband PLC systems
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Outline
Introduction to ITU
General aspects
Smart grids in different economies
ITU and Smart Grid
ITU’s family of PLC recommendations
ITU cooperation with other SDOs
33
The “union” between the Communications and Power industries is still unconsummated, but it will happen as building a new ICT infrastructure is very costly
Telecom industry and service providers have a very important role in the smart grid
Cloud based hosted energy service providers will reach the home also via existing broadband access technologies
Broadband access can have a role in demand side management
Another driver for convergence is that Smart Grid does not end at the meter but it enters the home.
Many aspects of the Smart Grid are directly related to the availability of a home networking and consumer participation is key in demand side management programs This will also shape the future of the Consumer Electronics industry through new energy efficiency standards
Smart Grid A Driver for Convergence
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The power grid often crosses international or jurisdictional boundaries, but applications and devices must interoperate regardless of those boundaries
The Telecom/Power/CE convergence for the Smart Grid will drive a new echo-system of products and this must happen under the auspices of International SDOs
ITU-T can have a major role in facilitating the convergence of the communications, power, and CE worlds
Cooperation between the major International SDOs is key to success!
Importance of Global Standards in Smart Grid
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Global coordination on Smart Grid is taking place in IEC Strategic Group 3
IEC SG 3 comprises expertise from all activities in IEC
ITU-T has full representation and participation in SG3
PC118: Smart Grid User Interface
Created in Nov. 2011
Scope: Standardization of information exchange for demand response and connecting demand side equipment/systems into the smart grid
ITU-T proposal for coordinating and contributing ICT related aspects has been approved
Cooperation via ITU-T Joint Coordination Activity on Smart Grid and Home Networking (JCA SG&HN)
IEC and ITU intensify cooperation
