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Our Challenges and Response to
Cope with Climate Change
Kim Jeong-WookDirector of Creative Agrifood policy Divi-
sion
Table of contentsⅠ. Current Status
Ⅱ. Major Policies 1) Securing Stable Food Supply
2) Adaptation of Climate Change
3) Reduction of GHGs Emission
Ⅲ. Policy Directions
Ⅰ. Current Status
4
Continued decline to less than 50%
due to industrialization and acreage reduction”
46.5% 46.4% 53.5%66.9%
1) Food Self-sufficiency and Agricultural Population in Korea
Ⅰ. Current Status
Food Self-sufficiency rate
“
“ Agricultural Population
Ratio of Farm owners aged over 65
100%
| 2010| | 2013| | 2025|
80
60
40
20
060’ 70’ 80’ 90’ 00’ 10’ 14
(year)
1970
15mil
10mil
5mil
1980 1990 2000 2010 2013
| 2007|
2.8million
Securing Stable Food Supply
5
If the temperature rises 2℃by 2020, crop production will be short of demand
Rice 11% Maize 9%
(WWF report, 2011)
2) Global Food Projections under Climate Change
Ⅰ. Current Status
The major crop’s pro-duction will also fall until 2050
(IPCC 5th Assessment Report, 2014)
Wheat 14%
Soybean 5%
Yield Reduction by 8%
6
The average temperature over the past100 years
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 910
11
12
’10
‘50
Winter Spring Summer AutumnWin-ter(-
27days)
Spring(+10days)
Summer(+19days)
Au-tumn
(-2days)
2001-2010
2041-2050
3) Projections of Climate Change in Korea
Ⅰ. Current Status
Korea Global average
1.8 ℃ 0.75 ℃
Ko-rea
Global average
3.4 ℃ 2.3 ℃
Turning into subtropical climate
Change of seasons based on Seoul city
The prospect of average temperate in the 2050
(when it was compared to 1981~2010 year under the RCP 8.5)
7
(Reference: IPCC 5th Assessment Report and et al.)
4) Impact of Climate Change in Korea
Ⅰ. Current Status
1℃+
- Decreased production of 15~60% rice due to high sterilizing percentage
- Decreasing temperate zone fruit /vegetable and increasing subtropical zone fruit/vegetable
- Increase in damage due to flood and storm
- Rising concern over coastal infrastructure collapse due to sea level rise
- Rising concern over collapse of reservoir water facility due to increasing precipitation
- 30% loss of arable land in coastal swamp and lowland
- Partial desertification of arable land
0.5℃
+
3℃+
2℃+- Continuous shifts of the fittest arable land due to changes of the fittest land for rice, fruit, and vegetable
- Decrease in reproduction, weight gain, and livestock products due to high heat-induced stress of livestock
- Increase in high-temperature disease and insect pest and increase of pests reproduction pace
- Increasing chances of soil erosion during the summer & reducing fertilizer components
- Rising chances of livestock disease and infectious diseases
- Decrease in water resources available for inland & mountainous area increasing draught dam-
ages due to
rising amount of evaporation
8
Under the decreasing of food self-sufficiency and agricultural population,climate change is accelerating the food crisis
Promoting “CSA” for the stable production of food
5) Climate Smart Agriculture
Ⅰ. Current Status
Mitigation of Climate
Change
Stable Agricultural productivity
Adaptation of Climate
change
“Triple win”
Ⅱ. Major Policies
10
Self-sufficiency Rate of Rice 95.7%(2014 prediction)
Preservation · Manage-ment
Of Fertile Land
Attract Develop-ment
Demand outside of
AgriculturePromotion Area
1) Securing Stable Food Supply
Ⅱ. Major Policies
Renovation ofIrrigation facilities
Expansion of WaterSupply System
Expansion ofIrrigated paddy field
Reduce disastervulnerability
Resolve water shortage
1,256places 2,989places 52%(158,000ha)
(’12)
80%(243,000ha)
(’24)
59%(573,000ha)
(’12)
75%(652,000ha)
(’24)
Resolve frequent flooding problems
(’13~’18) (’24)
11
Ⅱ. Major Policies
Self sufficiency rate of field crops(2014)
※Maize 0.8% ※Wheat 0.7%
24.8%
11.3% 96.1%
Barley Soybean Root&tuber crops
150
100
50
02011 2012
Primorsky Krai(Russia), South East Asia→ East Europe, Latin America,
North America etc.
2013 2014
(Accumulated) Reported Number of CompaniesEntered Overseas
Field Crops Overseas Agricultural Resource De-velopment
Systematization of main producing area in field crops
2000 2014
39%
Field production
45%
Field production
61%
Paddyproduction
55%
Paddyproduc-
tion85
106125
149
1) Securing Stable Food Supply
(year)
(companies)
12
Breeds adaptable to subtropical zone
2) Adaptation of Climate Change
Ⅱ. Major Policies
2005~2013
140159
211
2014 2017
Adaptable Cultivation technologyto Northern-bound arable land
New and Exotic Disease Response Technology Prevention Technology of
External Disease and Insect Pest
Cultivation, Breed Technology DevelopmentBreed Development
Livestock Disease ManagementDisease and Insect pest Manage-ment
13
Ⅱ. Major Policies
Secure supply of water for farming
Stabilization of Agricultural management
Natural Disaster PreventiveFacilities
2014
5969
71
2017 2020 (year)
Support for Cutting-edgeGreenhouse
5,000ha(’13~’20)
Support for modernization of horticultural facility
10,000ha(’13~’17)
2) Adaptation of Climate Change
Agri Water Development ProjectExpansion of Agricultural Infrastructure
Expansion of Disaster-Resilient FacilitiesExpansion of Agricultural Disaster Insurance
commodities
14
Fields Available Technologies
High Energy EfficiencyWater curtain system, hot waste water, LED,multilayer heat-preservation curtain, heat-preserva-tion cover
Renewable Energy
Solar photovoltaic energy, geo-thermal energy, wind en-ergy,geothermal energy, terrestrial gravity, air source heat, small water hydropower energy
Nitrogen Fertilizer Use Reduction Animal manure·liquefied fertilizer use,green manure crop cultivation·topdressing
Utilization of Biomass (byproduct of agriculture and live-
stock)
Bioenergy production from animal waste, Wood Pel-let boiler,hull using boiler, Bio Energy(Ethanol, Gas)Production
Others
Livestock feed improvement, Water management on paddy field (Intermittent irrigation), Conservation tillage, Green Village(A village uses a variety of low carbon energy)
3) Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission
Ⅱ. Major Policies
Low Carbon Agricultural Technology in Korea
15
1,076ha(2013)
Ⅱ. Major Policies
Support for Renewable UseSupport for Energy Use Reduction Facilities
1,500ha(2017) 4,690ha
(2013)
7,753ha(2017)
Alternatives to Fossil Fuel : Renewable Energy, Energy Use Reduction Facili-ties
3) Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission
10,050 ha(2020)
2,375 ha(2020)
16
86%(2013)
Ⅱ. Major Policies
Expansion of intermittent irrigationon paddy field
Reduction of chemical fertil-izer use
88.1%(2017)
90%(2020)
Expansion of supporting organic fertilizer
225kg/ha(2013)
188kg/ha(2020)
2.5million ton(2011)
3.08million ton(2013)
3.2million ton(2018)
Cultivation: Expansion of paddy water management, Chemical fertilizer use re-duction
3) Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission
17
8 places (2013)
Ⅱ. Major Policies
Facilities produce bioenergy fromAnimal manure
21 places (2017)
30 places (2020)
Facilities produce Animal manure to fertilizer
High quality roughage supply
2.4mil ton (2013)
2.859mil ton (2017)
3.024mil ton(2020)
95places (2013)
243places (2017)
180places (2020)
Livestock : Expansion of animal waste management process and high quality roughage
3) Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission
18
Farmhouse that reduced greenhouse gas emis-
sion by utilizing low carbon agricultural technol-
ogy with national certificate
(ex. GAP, eco-friendly agricultural product)
Ⅱ. Major Policies
Low Carbon Agrifood Certification System
Requirements
When an item’s cultivation emits less greenhouse gascompared to average emission for the last five years
Certification standards
‘National Certificate of Agricultural product universal mark’
Valid for 2 years `12(7cases) → `13(31) → `14(71)
Low Carbon Labeling and Expiration
CO
2 E
mis
sio
n(t
CO
2/1
peri
od
of
cu
lti-
vati
on
·1year)
Aver-age(5years)
DisqualifiedQualified
Lower than national average
Above national average
3) Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission
<GHG emission>
19
CER(Certified Emission
Reduction) (10,000,000₩)
Ⅱ. Major Policies
Voluntary Agriculture-Rural Carbon Offset Program
Certification Process
Monitor(for 1year) and evaluate GHG emission comparing with the international
standards (by certified organization appointed by the government)
Incentives
Purchasing of reduced amount (10,000₩/tCO2)by the government creates additional income for farmers and re-
duces energy costEx. | Farm households that use multilayer heat-preservation curtain
GHG emission fall
1,000t CO2
Government (MAFRA)10,000₩/tCO2
Carbon marketthat are required toreduce emission
3) Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission
*20,000₩/ton for non-Energy sector
20
Vegetable gardens on the ground,
rooftop reduce greenhouse gas
emission, provide leisure, educa-
tional activities
104ha
Ⅱ. Major Policies
Cultivation Area
2010
564ha2013
668ha2014
1,500ha2017
3,000ha
2024
Roof gardenreduces
utility costs by 16%
“
“
Activation of Urban Agriculture
3) Reduction of Greenhouse Gas Emission
21
Reduce GHGs emission by reducing transportation range, Farmers can focus on cultivation
Number of Local Food Market Operating System of Local Food
3) Reduction of Greenhouse Gases Emission
Ⅱ. Major Policies
(year)20122013
2014
2015
2016
32markets
71markets
100 markets
120 markets
3 markets
Exploring Local Food System : Consumption of locally grown food
Products
Farmer ConsumerCurator
Registration
Settlement
Introduction
Delivery
Purchase
4
1
2
3
Ⅲ. Policy Direc-tions
23
Busi-ness
Ⅲ. Policy Directions
ETS Infrastructure Development for Voluntary Trading CERfrom Agriculture-Rural Carbon Offset Program
ETS Implemented in Korea(2015)
Agriculture-ruralcarbon offset pro-
gramtechnology
ETS technology(Registered in the Ministry of Environment
Hot waste water use
Water curtain system
High efficient heat-preserva-tion material
Geothermal energy registered
Renewable Energy
Green manure crop
Slow-release fertilizer
Wood pellet boiler registered
Biogas Plant registered
Chaff Rice processing plant
registered
Green Village
Conservation tillage
Water management
Feed with less methane
Support for Low CarbonAgricultural Technology Support for Activating Carbon Market
Farm-ers
Carbon market
DirectTrading
ProxyTrading
Facility support Consulting support
Investment model devel-opment
Business-farmer Brokerage Promotion
Government
24
Promoting Mutual Cooperation between “Businesses Required to Reduce GHGs Emis-
sion” and “Farm-household Wishing to Reduce Energy Use”
Ⅲ. Policy Directions
Capital / Technol-ogy
CER
Businesses Farmers
Share installation cost
Secure stable reduction level
CSR (Better image of company)
Installation cost reduction Reduce energy cost
Certified emission reduction (CER)
25
Real-time DB
Forecast DB
Forecasted weather(30m)
Real-Time weather(30m)
validation
Crop cal-endar DB
PhenologyGrowth stage
Eco-physiology-
Risk assess-ment
(field level)
Farm land attribute
DB
Countermea-sures DB
Monitoring Network
Current weather (5km)
Digital Fore-cast (5km)
Mid-Term Forecast(Point)
Agro-mete-orological warning
DB
SMS Inter-net
Volunteer Farmers
12 kinds of service of temperature, precipitation, wind and etc. for 15 com-modities(5 kinds of fruit, vegetable, food each)
Ⅲ. Policy Directions
Implementation of a Farm-based Early Warning System for Meteorological Disasters
26
Big DataAnalysis sys-tem based oncollected date
Feedback system /Disease and harm-
ful insects report
AWS(Automatic Weather Sta-tion) Data with affiliate
AgriculturalSensor data
Nation-wide Agricultural Agricultural Intelligence
Item cultivation requirement alert AWS/Disaster alert based on
Weather forecast, orchard data Automatic Control Disease and insects feedback sys-
tem
Agricultural Intelligence System Leveraging IoT and Big Data
Ⅲ. Policy Directions
Front-end serverfor farmers
Farm-level Weather Observation Network with Agricultural IoT Sen-sors
Hyper-denseagricultural sensor
And Big data storagesystem of weather
data
27
Ⅲ. Policy Directions
Development, Dissemination and Expansion of Korean Smart Farm
Fan
Control Panel
Cloud Server
Soil Moisture
Sensor
Nutrient Distribution Control
Record
CCTV
Air Conditioning and Heating Control
PC
Giga Infrastructure Network
Router
Actuator(Window, Curtain)
InternalEnvironment(Temperature,Humidity, Co2)
Hybrid EnvironmentalControl System
External Environment
28
The future is not to be given,But to be created.