Out-of-roundness wheel detection
MotivationDefects in train wheels
N ti i t i th i f t t d i th t i• Negative impacts in the infrastructure and in the trainsAutomatic detection• Simple control by the responsible entitiesSimple control by the responsible entities• Reduction of material degradation• Increase in safety• Decrease in energy consumption• Reduction of operation and maintenance costs
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Out-of-roundness wheel detection
Qsta
Qsta
Q dyn
Q
Qdyn Impact
Qsta
d fl t d thd – flat depth L – flat extensionx – coordinate in the track
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Out-of-roundness wheel detection
Theoretical modeling results
Dynamic Load amplification due to the defect
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Out-of-roundness wheel detection
Theoretical modeling results
Perturbations due to high frequency due to the defect
Amplification due to the defect
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Out-of-roundness wheel detection
Implemented experimental system“Linha do Norte”, Portuguese railway network, Canelas , EstarrejaEstarreja8 fiber optic deformation sensors placed along the track
Sensors localization
Track
Deformation sensorSleepers
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Out-of-roundness wheel detection
Implemented experimental systemBraggSCOPETM with 2 optical parallel channels4 fib ti d f ti i h h l4 fiber optic deformation sensors in each channel
Installation of the sensors
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Out-of-roundness wheel detection
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Out-of-roundness wheel detection
Data processing and visualization in LabviewTMSignal translation to normalize strain from zeroHi h f filt i t b tiHigh frequency filtering perturbations
Artificial Zero
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Out-of-roundness wheel detection
Data visualization in LabviewTM
ZoomSensor selectionSensor selection
• Real Values• Filtered values
Sensor 1 Sensor 5
Real value
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Filtered value
Out-of-roundness wheel detection
Data visualization in LabviewTMSuperimposed visualization
Sensor 1 Sensor 5
Real value
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Out-of-roundness wheel detection
Maximum and minimum registered strain
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Out-of-roundness wheel detection
Difference in maximum registered strain
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Out-of-roundness wheel detection
Axis 5 ~ 40µε Axis 35 ~ 14µε
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Out-of-roundness wheel detection
The obtained results showed that is possible to implement a out-of-roundness wheel detection system with the following qualities:system with the following qualities:
Easy to installImmune to electromagnetic interferencesImmune to electromagnetic interferencesMultiple sensors simultaneously interrogatedReading equipments may be remotely located (until Reading equipments may be remotely located (until some km)Sensors that do not require any electrical stimulus
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Out-of-roundness wheel detection
Future workTesting in laboratory and in field with known wheel defect profiles in order to be able to characteri e a defect profiles in order to be able to characterize a set of defects Database creation to define limits for the parametersDatabase creation to define limits for the parameters
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