Outline WG2 (bank of pure isotopes) WG3 (theory) WG3 (Neodimium project - preliminary tests on Nd crystals) WG4 (cosmogenics - code survey - exposure at accelerators) WG5 (crystals - Pt effect in TeO 2 crystals) WG6 (surface radioactivity - surface sensitive detectors) WG7 (Ge in liquid nitrogen - first survey on adsorbers) Network N4 Joint Research Activity JRA2 Paris – 4 th October 2004 ILIAS Executive Board meeting Status of the DBD activity Status of the DBD activity Andrea Giuliani http://idea. dipscfm . uninsubria . i
Transcript
Outline
WG2 (bank of pure isotopes) WG3 (theory)
WG3 (Neodimium project - preliminary tests on Nd crystals) WG4 (cosmogenics - code survey - exposure at accelerators) WG5 (crystals - Pt effect in TeO2 crystals) WG6 (surface radioactivity - surface sensitive detectors) WG7 (Ge in liquid nitrogen - first survey on adsorbers)
NetworkN4
JointResearchActivity
JRA2
Paris – 4th October 2004ILIAS Executive Board meeting
Status of the DBD activity Status of the DBD activity
N4-WG2: bank of pure isotopesN4-WG2: bank of pure isotopes(strictly connected with JRA2-I1 “Isotope Enrichment”)(strictly connected with JRA2-I1 “Isotope Enrichment”)
NOW
working group formed active contacts with Russian labs, in particular for 82Se
E. Previtali
Isotope separation is important not only for fundamental science, but also for
radio-medicine agriculture atomic power industry
Evaluate the feasibility of a European project dedicated to the realization of a large set-up for isotope separation(the only way to produce 150Nd, 48Ca in reasonable amounts)
formation of a working group on this specific aspect:
first contact in Como (IDEA-NW kick-off meeting) seminar by P. Louvet in Milano on last 1st October
N4-WG2: Bank of pure isotopesN4-WG2: Bank of pure isotopes
Explore the possibility to realize a large machine for
isotope separation in plasma by ion-cyclotron resonance method
www1.jinr.ru/Pepan/v-32-4/v-32-4-3.pdf
N4-WG3: theoryN4-WG3: theory
NOW
working group formed work in progress IDEA-NW meeting - Heidelberg 21-22 Oct
J. Suhonen Theoretical sub-meeting in Heidelberg
1. Jouni Suhonen, Jyvaskyla: “Open problems in Nuclear Matrix Element (NME) calculations of double beta decay rates”
2. Amand Faessler, Tuebingen: " Test of physics beyond the Standard Model and Reliability of the Nuclear Matrix Elements in the
neutrinoless double beta dacay"3. Vadim Rodin, Tuebingen: "The Pauli Principle and the Ikeda Sum
Rule in the beta beta decay“
Etienne Caurier and Frederik Nowacki were also invited A summary on this sub-meeting will be the first deliverable
The experimentalists will pose the following provocative questions:
can we learn more than just neutrino is a Majorana particle and have also useful quantitative information on the effective mass? how to treat theoretical errors? is it meaningful to consider all calculations for NME for a given
nuclide and treat them as an estimate of the uncertainties on that nuclide? which realistic experiments can be carried out to test theoretical models? main topic of this task can the theorists develop a common recommendation, in the
framework of a general agreement among the various schools, on how to use
NME (NME white book) ?
establish contacts with N6
JOINT RESEARCH ACTIVITYJOINT RESEARCH ACTIVITYJRA2 - “IDEA”JRA2 - “IDEA”
JRA2-P2:JRA2-P2: 150 150Nd projectNd project
Objectives : Realization of a NdF3 bolometer (requires substantial R&D work) Realization of a bolometer based on NdGaO3 or on compounds with a similar magnetic ordering Development and test of small scale Nd-based bolometers Study of the background in Nd-based bolometers, in case of success in the previous items
Leading contractor: INFN
Comments: “high risk” task nobody knows if a Nd-based bolometer can work in the first year we should have a definite answer
what to do in case of failure? result affects selection of isotopes in task “Isotope Enrichment”
S. Pirro
NOW
confirmation of NdF3 and NdGaO3
as promising candidatesstudy in progress of lasing crystals
procurement of two NdGaO3
sample crystals1. 13 x 13 x 13 mm2. 30 x 30 x 30 mmgrowth under care of South Carolina University
procurement of one NdF3
sample crystal1. 30 x 10 x 10 mm
2 holders designed2 detectors prepared
special thermistors with higher resistances and sensitivities have been prepared at LBNLthey will be characterized in the next months
Development and upgrade of the cosmogenic activation codes Study of particular Ge detectors with a well known “cosmogenic history” New experiments based on irradiation of Ge and TeO2 samples with high energy protons at accelerators Analysis of the irradiation results to check/upgrade activation codes
Leading contractors: Zaragoza / INFN
Comments: well defined, “low risk” task coordination with JRA1 is required
S. Cebrian / M. Pavan
NOW
Different libraries based on experimental and/or calculated data (EXFOR, MENDL, RNAL...) as well as individual references have been screened concluding that there are scarce data on the production of
isotopes of interest for DBD, like 60Co in TeO2 or Ge and 68Ge/68Ga in Ge, and that results from different sources are not always in good agreement.
Detailed technical report available in the IDEA web site.
The analysis of existing codes is being carried out. The properties for cosmogenic studies of codes based on semi-empirical formulas
and general-purpose MC packages like GEANT4 and FLUKA have been extensively analyzed and other MC codes specific for hadronic
The study of particular problems making a cross-check of different calculations and measurements (when possible) has started.
Some applications using the most suitable of the analyzed codes are being developed to estimate the cosmogenic activation in TeO2 crystals
We have already performed irradiation experiments 1.85 and 5 GeV p at LBNL (USA) – on Te and Ge 24 GeV p at CERN – on TeAnaysis and comparison with predictions in progress
Crystallization of TeO2 in radio-clean conditions, by eliminating radioactivity coming from crucibles and other elements Feasibility study of underground Ge crystallization plant (LSC) Feasibility study of underground TeO2 crystallization plant (LNGS) Realization of underground test crystallization plants (in the event of positive outcomes of the previous studies and of positive issues of cost negotiations with the companies specialized in crystallization)
Leading contractors: INFN / Zaragoza
Comments: strong connection with “Cosmogenic Induced Activity” task it is unlikely that funds are enough for test crystallization plants
A. Giuliani / J. Morales
NOW
contact with company Canberra – Eurosys established
steps to check for a radio-clean crystal: gamma-count metallic Te check oxidation procedure gamma-count TeO2 powder check crucibles check materials for crystal cut and surface treatment check bulk and surface activity of the crystal
present crucible material: Ptit is a serious problem for two reasons:1. alpha contamination in 190Pt (~3.3 MeV)2. modification of signal shape
JRA2-B2: the Pt problem in TeOJRA2-B2: the Pt problem in TeO22 crystals crystals
CUORICINO background spectrumalpha region – 190Pt peak – risk: low energy tail
1. effects on the pulse shape
High Pt conc.7 x 10–7 g/g
low Pt conc.8 x 10–9 g/g
2.“We have discussed on Iridium crucible issue. However, due to the brittleness of the Iridium, it's not easy to make the crucible for our Bridgman crystal growth.
Answers from SICCAS (Chinese crystal company)
To decrease the Pt contamination, we would like to make some modifications
1. use quartz crucible instead of Pt crucible for powder preparation 2. use low temperature in-gradient method to grow the crystal To make the experiement, we would need your funding of USD50,000 and in return we'll deliver you two pcs of 5x5x5 size crystals within three months.” [from SICCAS]
We have contacted two American companies which use Czochralski instead that Bridgman less interference between crucible and crystal
1. INTEGRATED PHOTONICS INC. (IPI), HILLSBOROUGH, NJ USA
2. CRYSTAL TECHNOLOGY INC., PALO ALTO, CA USA
We have already procured a 35 x 35 x 30 mm TeO2 crystal from CT
gamma-counted to check radio-purity within end of the year: bolometric operation
JRA2-B2: modification of 1st year JRA2-B2: modification of 1st year milestone / deliverablemilestone / deliverable
Definition of new materials for crucible construction in TeO2 crystal growth
MILESTONE
Definition of new materials for crucible construction and/or of new crystallization techniques
aiming at reducing the Pt effect in TeO2 crystals
Technical table reporting alternative materials for crucibleconstruction in TeO2 crystal growth
DELIVERABLE
Technical report about new materials for crucible construction and about the application of the Czochralski technique to TeO2 crystal growth
JRA2-B2: modification of 1st year JRA2-B2: modification of 1st year milestone / deliverablemilestone / deliverable
JRA2-B3: Rejection of surface radioactivityJRA2-B3: Rejection of surface radioactivity
Objectives :
very critical task: the CUORE success depends on the success of this task
O. Cremonesi
Implementation of various surface analysis methods Implementation of various surface cleaning procedures Realisation of surface sensitive prototype bolometers Development of CUORE-like modules with foreseen reduction of surface radioactivity by a factor between 10 and 100 with respect to present CUORICINO modules
Comment:
Leading contractor: INFNLeading contractor: INFN
Surface radioactivity is in fact one of the worst sources of background in double beta decay experiments based on bolometers.
Surface alphas are particularly dangerous
continuous background spanning the region from threshold to few MeV
NOW
Sensitivities in U and Th of the order of 10-14 g/g can be obtained with the best HR-ICPMS devices.
Laser ablation was abandoned after a clear evidence for non-uniformities in measurements
carried out in Canada
thickness (m)2 7
Cu c
once
ntr
ati
on (
ppb)
U and Th surface contamination measurements on test Cu samples
(cleaned as Cu used in CUORICINO) performed at ISPRA with HR-ICPMS
INFN – Milano assigned an old butperfectly working dilution refrigerator
to the specific development ofsurface sensitive bolometers,installed in the cryogenics lab
of the Insubria University(Como)
Base temperature: 13 mKCooling power: 25 W at 100 mK
thin auxiliary bolometersshield the main crystal,
being thermally connected to itand providing full coverage
JRA2-B4: Ge diodes in liquid nitrogenJRA2-B4: Ge diodes in liquid nitrogen
Objectives:
Study of adsorption materials, especially for Kr and other potential contaminants Upgrade of the potential of the existing nitrogen (gas) purification plant (which is housed in LNGS) in order to serve a large self-shielding liquid nitrogen tank Test operation of Ge diodes in purified nitrogen
Leading contractor: MPI Heidelberg
Comment:
task with a well defined self-consistent program
S. Schönert
not only LN2, but also LAr (active shield)
NOWTheoretical studiesThe retention ability of
adsorbers depends strongly on the distribution
of its pores. Investigation was performed
of the binding energy of different gas particles
in pores of different sizes (simple model based on Van der Waals forces).
Preferred non-polar adsorbersTrace component
Best pore size (carbon based
adsorbers)
Ar 6.8 Å
Kr 7.0 Å
Rn ~ 8 Å
Trace component
Best pore size (carbon based
adsorbers)
Ar 6.8 Å
Kr 7.0 Å
Rn ~ 8 Å
negligible internal polaritydedicated pore size distribution
hydrophobic zeolites
AdsorberManufacturer
Main characteristics
Hydrophobic zeolite MFI-
type
Zeochem
Very low internal polarity, pores ~5.3 Å
Hydrophobic zeolite BEA-
type
Südchemie
Slightly larger internal polarity, pores ~6.6 Å
Synthetic carbon F3/F4
CarboAct
Low 222Rn emanation rate
Carbon Cloth FM 1-250
Charcoal
ClothFabric (no grains)
Activated carbon C 38/2
CarboTech
Optimized pores for solvent recovery
Meetings and connections for IDEAMeetings and connections for IDEA
General meeting: every SIX months (merged with NW meeting)
Check of the milestone achievements Set of future milestones Scientific discussion Kick-off meeting: 8 April 2004, Como (I) Next general meeting: 21-22 October 2004, Heidelberg (D)
THREE months after each general meeting: “middle term deadline”
Advancement reports of the task leaders (put on the WEB site see July 2004 reports) General report of the coordinator on the basis of the task advancement report Next middle term deadline: 15th January 2005
Sub-meetings of the working groups when necessary, keeping thecoordinator informed of their occurence 3 meetings of WG1 and WG2 1 meeting of WG5 2 meetings of WG6
AGENDA – IDEA-NW Kick-off Meeting – 8th April 2004, Como (Italy) 9:30 A. Giuliani [30'] Introduction to IDEA10:05 D. Lalanne [15'] Introduction to DBD-Nw10:25 B. Saghai [15'] Double Beta Decay in ILIAS 10:45 coffee break 11:15 F. Piquemal [15'] Coordination of DBD searches11:35 E. Previtali [15'] Bank of pure isotopes11:55 V. Rodin [15'] Double Beta Decay and Nuclear Structure 12:30 Lunch Break 14:00 S. Jullian [15'] Isotope enrichment & Se-82 project14:15 [30'] discussion on isotope enrichment14:45 O. Cremonesi [15'] Rejection of surface radioactivity15:05 S. Pirro [15'] Nd-150 project 15:30 coffee break 16:00 S. Cebrian [15'] Cosmogenic induced activity16:20 A. Giuliani [15'] Underground crystal growth16:40 S. Schoenert [15'] Operation of Ge-diodes in LN217:00 A. Giuliani [15'] Conclusions
no information !
Financial issuesFinancial issues
money “lost” !!
no money spent“...wrangling with
the administration...”
no money spent up to now plan:consumable (for low temperaturetests of bolometric elements for Nd and surface sensitive detectors)travels
437,52 spent for travel~ 2000 to be spent for travel
So far only travel costs out of the budget.
Major spending will start soon: postdoc for task B4 –WG7. Until April 05 about 25000
will be spent
placed order21000: special crystals for studies on surface radioactivity planned10000: LHe for tests on Nd bolometers surface sensitive detectors and CZ-grown crystals5000: travel to visit US companies producing CZ-grown crystals2000: Cu samples8000: consumable for ICPMS measurements16248: 3 post-docs (3 months each: Jan – Feb – March)5000: travels for meeting25000: under discussion18382: overheads
