Overview of A&M data applications and data needs in JT-60U ... · Overview of A&M data applications...

25min.

4 Sep 2013

22nd DCN @ IAEA HQ

T. Nakano Japan Atomic Energy Agency

Overview of A&M data applications

and data needs

in JT-60U spectroscopic studies

Carbon (Z=6):

Neon (Z=10):

Tungsten (Z=74):

Intrinsic

(Wall material)

Seeded

Radiative in

peripheral plasmas

Radiative in

Core plasmas

Carbon: Efficient radiator in peripheral plasmas

T~104 eV

n~1020 m-3

Divertor plate (C) Heat/particle load → impurity

Carbon:

A good radiator for divertor plasma

cooling

Highly radiative at low Te plasmas

suitable for plasma facing components

High thermal shock resistance

High thermal conductivity

Low atomic number

Unacceptable for reactors

High fuel retention

High sputtering yield(short life time) Radiation

Present study:

C radiation process

C4+ recombination found

Divertor (T~10 eV)

T~104 eV

n~1020 m-3

Radiation

Divertor plate (C) Heat/particle load → impurity

Divertor (T~10 eV)

Carbon: intrinsic but Efficient radiator in peripheral plasmas

5

4

3

2

1

0

Inte

nsity (

10

17 p

h/s

rm2s)

605040302010

Viewing chord (ch )

C IV (3s 2S1/2 - 3p

2P3/2)

5 4 3 2 1 0

Intensity (1017

ph/srm2s)

100

90

80

70

Vie

win

g c

ho

rd (

ch

)

C I

V (

3s 2

S1

/2 -

3p 2

P3

/2)

Extr

ap

ola

tio

n

VUV

C IV (3s 2S1/2 - 3p 2P3/2)

X-point MARFE: Radiation peak at the X-point

Ioniz./Recomb flow & radiation

C3+

C 2+

(%)

C 2+

C 2+

Ioniz. flux

(1018 /m2s)

Recomb. flux

(1018 /m2s)

C 3+

C3+

C4+

*) T. Nakano et al., J. Nucl. Mater. 390-391 (2009) 255. , Nucl. Fusion 47 (2007)1458.

Spectrum( line identification):

lines are well separated, and thus identified with ease.

=> No theoretical calculation was needed

C ionization/recombination, radiative power:

Model: CR-model

Atomic data: Energy levels, A coefs, Excitation rates,,,(ADAS)

Evaluation (excitation rate):

2s-2p: exp-theory(ADAS) comparison possible

n<4 : theory-theory(ADAS) comparison possible

n=5 : only ADAS available

n>6 : no data=>H-approx. or your own run

Further evaluation is desired for important transitions

such as 3s-3p

Atomic data and application

VUV spectrum

Visible spectrum 1.0

0.5

0.0

x101

8

750700650600550500450400Wavelength ( nm )

Inte

nsi

ty (

10

18 p

h /

sr

m2 n

m s

)

C III

4f3 F

-5g3 G

C I

II 3

p3 S -

3p3 P

C III

3p1 P

1 -3d1 D

2

C III

5d3 D

-6

f3 F

50403020Wavelength ( nm )

10090

4

2

0

x102

0

4

2

0

x10

21

Inte

nsi

ty (

10

21 p

h /

sr

m2 n

m s

)

C I

V 2

s2 S1

/2 -

3p

2 P3

/2,1

/2

C I

V 2

p2 P3

/2,1

/2 -

3d

2 D5

/2,3

/2

C IV

2p2 P

1/2

,3/2 -

3s2 S

1/2

C III 2

p3 P0

,1,2 -

3d3 D

1,2

,3

C I

V 2

s2 S1

/2 -

4p

2 P3

/2,1

/2

C IV

2p2 P

3/2

,1/2 -

4d

2 D5

/2,3

/2

C I

V 2

p2 P1

/2,3

/2 -

4s2 S

1/2

E045211

C I

II 2

p3 P

0,1

,2 -

4d3 D

1,2

,3

C I

II 2

p3 P

0,1

,2 -

5d3 D

1,2

,3

C I

II 2

p3 P0

,1,2 -

3s3 S

1

C III 2

p1 P1 -

3d1 D

2

Inte

nsi

ty (

10

22 p

h /

sr

m2 n

m s

)

C I

II 2

s1 S0

- 2

p1 P

1

C IV

7-9

C I

V 3

s 2

S1/2

- 3

p2P

1/2

,3/2

C IV

5p

-6d

C IV

6-7

C IV and C III lines identified

The Lines were separated, and thus identified with ease

No theoretical calculation needed




C ionization/recombination balance, radiative power:

Model: CR-model





n=5 : only ADAS available

n>6 : no data=>H-approx. or your own run


such as 3s-3p


-64.5eV 2s

n=4

n=7

n=3

n=6 n=5

(De)

Excitation

Sponta

neous t

ransitio

n

Ioniz

ation

Radia

tive,3

-bod

y r

ecom

b.

Die

lectr

onic

recom

b.

C I

V (

Li-lik

e)

C V

n=1

n=2

-13.6eV

D0

D+

-3.4eV

Charg

e

eX

change

recom

b.

Application: Collisional-Radiative model for C IV*

Solution of Rate Equation

nC3+(p) = R1nenCIV (Ionizing )

+ R0nenCV (Recombining )

+ R0'nDnCV (CX-Recomb. )

• A coef. & (De) excitation:

n<5 ADAS

n>6 Hydrogenic approx.

• Ionization, 3-body recomb.:

ECIP approx.

• Radiative & Dielectronic

recomb.:

n < 10 Nahar

• Charge exchange recomb.:

D(n=1): ADAS

D(n=2):Shimakura

*) T. Nakano et al., J. Plasma Fusion Res. 80 (2004) 500.

-60

-40

-20

0

En

erg

y fro

m Io

niz

ation

Pote

ntial (

eV

)

ns2S np

2P nd

2D nf

2F ng

2G nh

2H ni

2I

7s 7p 7d 7f 7g 7h 7i

9s 9p 9d 9f 9g 9h 9i

2s

2p

3s

3p 3d

4s4p 4d 4f

5s 5p 5d 5f 5g

6s 6p 6d 6f 6g 6h

C3+

: 1s2nl

10-18

10-17

10-16

10-15

Excitatio

n R

ate

(

m3s

-1 )

1 10 100 1000

Electron temperature ( eV )

(b) 2s - 4p excitation

ADAS Burke Suno

n < 4 : Comparison possible

+30%

C V ( C4+ ): 1s2

Theory

Available excitation rate

(online)

n > 5 :

H-like approximation

Calculation with atomic code No data

2s-2p : Experimental data available

Availability of Excitation rates

C IV (C3+):1s2 2s

Theory + Exp.




C ionization/recombination, radiative power:

Model: CR-model





n>5 : no data => H-approx. or your own run

for comparison with ADAS


such as 3s-3p


Neon: seeded for plasma cooling

T~104 eV

n~1020 m-3

Divertor (T~10 eV)

Neon:

Noble gas

No chemical reaction

(cf. N => NHx, N retention in W wall)

Carbon:

Good radiator but unacceptable in

future devices

Metal plasma facing components

( C free )

Impurity seeding ( e.g. Ne )

Present study:

Ne ion fractions ( Ne II : Ne III: …)

Radiation fractions

Role of Ne IX recombination

Radiation Ne

Ne injection discharge

t=15s: Detach phase average

t=25s: Attach phase average

Bol. 36 similar to VUV spec. Compared with Ne radiation from VUV spectrometer

VUV spec 10

0

Total

Main

Divertor

Radiation (MW)

20

10

0

Ne puff (x10) (Pam3/s)

Line-density ( m-3

)

NB (MW)

2

030252015105

Time ( s )

bolo.36

C IV (a.u.)

Ne VII (a.u.)

( MW/m2 )

0.015

0.000

IS ( a.u )

Dd / Da

Inner Div.

0.015

0.000

IS ( a.u )

Dd / Da

Outer Div.

LPout

LPin

Bolometer

3

2

1

0484644424038363432

Radiation ( MW / m2 )

C tiles

C tiles

0.10

0.08

0.06

0.04

0.02

0.00

Ne

de

nsity (

Re

lative

)

IIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXNe

FONCBBeLiHe

(a)

Volume recombination enhances highly charged Ne ion densities

t=15s: Detach phase

Ne radiation: 60%

t=25s: Attach phase

Ne radiation: 35% 2.7x

1.5x

Ne VI and V : similar in both phases

Ne VIII – VII : higher in Detach phase, leading high Ne radiation

. Recomb.

Ioniz. Eq @ 20 eV

T. Nakano et al, J. Nucl. Mater. 438 (2013) S291.

0.15

0.10

0.05

0.00

Ra

dia

tio

n fra

ctio

n (

%)

IIIIIIVVVIVIIVIIIIXNe

(b)

Volume recombination enhances highly charged Ne ion densities

t=15s: Detach phase

Ne radiation: 60%

t=25s: Attach phase

Ne radiation: 35%

2.4x

Ne VI and V : similar in both phases

Ne VIII – VII : higher in Detach phase, leading high Ne radiation T. Nakano et al, J. Nucl. Mater. 438 (2013) S291.

Spectrum:

Line identification was difficult only from available database

because of line blends => needs theoretical calculation

Atomic data: Energy levels, A coefs, Excitation rates,,,(FAC*)

Model: CR-model

Results: No good agreement

Needed corrections with wavelengths from

database

Note: FAC 1% accuracy for Ne

=> Too big even for low resolution spectrum


*) M.F.Gu, Can. J. Phys. 86 (2008) 675. http://sprg.ssl.berkeley.edu/~mfgu/fac/

4

3

2

1

0

Inte

nsity (

10

-15 )

600550500450400350300

Wavelength (Angstrom)

C I

V 2

p2p

3/2

- 3

d2D

5/2

,3/2

: 3

84

.17

,38

4.1

9 A

ng

C I

V 2

s2S

1/2

- 3

p2

P3

/2,1

/2 :

31

2.4

2,3

12

.45

An

g.

O I

V 5

54

.5

E049768 DL t=14-16s

No good agreement

between measured and calculated spectrum CR model by FAC @Te = 50 eV,

Ne VII

Dl=13 Angstrom

= 3% at 450 Ang.

t=15s: Detach phase

2s-2p lines identified in 300 – 600 nm : Good measure for line radiation

CR model by FAC @Te = 20 eV,

Energy levels from NIST ASD v.4*

*http://physics.nist.gov/PhysRefData/

ASD/levels_form.html

t=15s: Detach phase

Spectrum:

Line identification was difficult only from available database

because of line blends => needs theoretical calculation


Model: CR-model

Results: No good agreement

Needed corrections with wavelengths from

database

Note: FAC 1%-order error for Ne 2p levels

=> Too big even for low resolution spectrum



Tungsten:

suitable for plasma facing components

for reactors

High melting point

Low fuel retention

Low sputtering yield (long life time)

Unsuitable

Highly radiative

Narrow operation window as PFCs

( TDBTT< T <Trecrystalliation)

Neutron damage ( transformation, etc )

Present study:

Suppression of W accumulation

T~104 eV

n~1020 m-3

Wq+

(q~40-60)

W divertor plates

Tungsten: a candidate for PFCs in reactors

10-5

10-4

10-3

nW

/ n

e

-200 -100 0 100

Plasma rotation velocity ( km / s )

Neutral Beam

Plasma rotation and central heating effective in avoiding W accumulation

T. Nakano and the JT-60 team, J. Nucl. Mater. S327 (2011) 415.

3%

Radiation collapse

Spectrum:

lines were blended significantly => needs theoretical spectrum


Model: CR-model

Results: Good overall agreement for Wq+

q ~ 60 ( 13 keV, JT-60U )

q ~ 40-50 ( 5 keV, JT-60U )

q ~ 20-40 ( 0.5 keV, LHD )

Note: FAC 0.1% accuracy for W

=> insufficient for high resolution spectrum

W density:

Atomic data: Ionization / recombination rates (FAC/ADPACK)

Model: Coronal model

Results: agrees within ~30% with experimental data



W63+(3s-3p) at 2.3 nm identified*

0.8

0.4

0.0

Inte

nsity (

a.u

.)

98765432

Wavelength (nm)

20100

656463626160595857565554

F-like W65+

Ne-like W64+

Na-like W63+

Mg-like W62+

Al-like W61+

Si-like W60+

P-like W59+

S-like W58+

Cl-like W57+

Ar-like W56+

K-like W55+

Ca-like W54+

E049786

q Synthesized

C5+O

7+

W55+~61+

(3p-3d) W60+~63+

(3s-3p)

W43+~45+

(4s-4p)

2pn

3sn

3pn

3dn

(a)

(b)

Assumed FractionalAbundance (%)

(c)3 keV

12 keV13 keV

Calculated by FAC

12 keV, 4x1019 m-3

JT-60U

Wavelength ( nm )

* J. Yanagibayashi, T. Nakano et al., J. Phys. B 43 (2010)144013.

**Y. Ralchenko et al., J. Phys. B 41 (2008) 021003.

EBIT(NIST)**

3s-3

p

3p-3

d

Isolated W44+ and W45+ lines identified

* T. Nakano et al., Nucl. Fusion 49 (2009) 115024.

2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

10-1

4

W39

- 42

+

LHD:107466

Inte

nsity

( a.

u.)

W43

+

W44

+

W45

+W42

- 43+

Measured

Synthesized

Wavelength ( nm ) 4 5 6 7

5x

0.5 keV

4x1019 m-3

3 keV

8x1019 m-3

Fractional Abundance

W15+ - W35+ compose quasi-continuum between 5 - 6 nm

* T. Nakano et al., JSPF conference, Fukuoka (2012) 30D41P.

Spectrum:



Model: CR-model


q ~ 60 ( 13 keV, JT-60U )

q ~ 40-50 ( 5 keV, JT-60U )

q ~ 20-40 ( 0.5 keV, LHD )

Note: FAC 0.1%-order error ( for W46+ 3p54d )


W density:






Ionization equilibrium: still different

*T Puetterich et al Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 50 (2008) 085016

Still different:

Shift to lower Te

in AUG calculation

0.001

2

4

0.01

2

4

0.1

2

4

1

Fra

ctio

na

l Abu

nda

nce

5 6 7 8 9

103

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

104

Te ( eV )

1

0.1

0.01

44+

45+ 46+

Fra

ctional A

bundance

AUG*

FAC

Ionization equilibrium:

(coronal model)

Sq+=>(q+1)+ ･nWq+

= a (q+1)+=>q+ ･nW(q+1)+

S = Sdirect + Sexcit.autoioniz.

a = aradiative + adie-electronic

10-18

10-17

10-16

10-15

Ioniz

ation

& r

eco

mb

. ra

te (

m3

/ s

)

102

103

104

105

106

Te ( eV )

FAC DR.

4d nl

4p nl

4s nl5d nl

5p nl

*S Loch et al., Phys. Rev. A 72 (2005) 052716 **T Putterich et al., Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion 50 (2008) 085016

10-18

10-17

10-16

10-15

Ioniz

ation

& r

eco

mb

. ra

te (

m3

/ s

)

102

103

104

105

106

Te ( eV )

FAC DR.

FAC RR.

FAC Ioniz.

W44+

-> W45+

W45+

-> W44+

10-18

10-17

10-16

10-15

Ioniz

ation

& r

eco

mb

. ra

te (

m3

/ s

)

102

103

104

105

106

Te ( eV )

FAC DR.

FAC RR.

FAC Ioniz.

Loch Ioniz.*

ADPACK mod**

W44+

-> W45+

W45+

-> W44+

Present Ref**

Ionization FAC (DW) Loch code* (DW)

Dielectronic Recombination FAC ADPACK mod.

( x 0.39 ) Radiative Recombination FAC

Te ( eV )

Evaluation of W44+ ionization / W45+ recombination rate

10-11

10-10

10-9

10-8

Excitatio

n r

ate

( c

m3 /

s )

101

102

103

104

Te ( eV )

1.5

1.0

0.5

0.0

Ra

tio o

f E

xcita

tio

n r

ate

s

W44+

: 4s2 1

S0 - 4s4p 1P1, 205 eV, 204 eV, 205 eV

W45+

: 4s 2

S1/2 - 4p 2P3/2, 201 eV, 199 eV, 200 eV

W44+

W45+

W45+

/ W44+

~ 0.44

LLNL, FAC, ORNL**) C P Ballance J. Phys. B 40 (2007) 247

LANL FAC ORNL

Ce

45+(4s, 4p)·nW45+(4s)·neI W45+(6.2 nm): 4s 2S1/2 - 4p 2P3/2 =

Excitation rate

I W44+(6.1 nm): 4s4s 1S0 - 4s4p 1P1

Close excitation energy (199 ev and 204 eV)

Similar energy dependence of Ce S44+®45+

a 45+®44+~ 0.44 ·

(Ioniz.rate)

(Recomb.rate)

Ioniz. Equi.

Calculation

Measurement


1.5

1.0

0.5

0.01.51.00.50.0

- 40%

+ 30%

Measure

ment

Calculation

Ce

45+(4s, 4p)·nW45+(4s)·neI W45+(6.2 nm): 4s 2S1/2 - 4p 2P3/2 =

Excitation rate

I W44+(6.1 nm): 4s4s 1S0 - 4s4p 1P1

Close excitation energy (199 ev and 204 eV)

Similar energy dependence of Ce S44+®45+

a 45+®44+~ 0.44 ·

(Ioniz.rate)

(Recomb.rate)

Ioniz. Equi.

Calculation

Measurement


*) T. Nakano, J. Nucl. Mater. 415 (2010) S327.

Measurement

Uncertainty ~ 30%

S44+®45+

a 45+®44+

Within the uncertainty,

is accurately calculated.

1:1

Spectrum:



Model: CR-model


q ~ 60 ( 13 keV, JT-60U )

q ~ 40-50 ( 5 keV, JT-60U )

q ~ 20-40 ( 0.5 keV, LHD )

Note: FAC 0.1%-order error ( for W46+ 3p54d )


W density:






Data needs

W H C Ne Ar Kr

Spectral data

Calculation error of energy level ( FAC )

1% 0.1%

Collisional data (excitation rate)

Everything is calculation with exceptions in light elements. Evaluation with experimental data is required. e.g. C3+ 3s-3p (visible), Neq+ 2s-2p(energy loss channel), W45+ 4s-4p ( isolated)

Ne7+ (2p) W46+ (3p5 4d)

Request: database ready for comparison with measured/calculated spectrum

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