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Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE Partnership with Keio University, Endorsed by British Council
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Page 1: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Oxford Day 2017

THE POWER OF LANGUAGE

Partnership with Keio University, Endorsed by British Council

Page 2: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

The New Course of Study and

University Entrance Exams

Kensaku Yoshida

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3

English Proficiency of the Japanese

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iBT TOEFL (2016)—Asia Results

Reading Listening Speaking Writing TOTAL

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Looking Inward and Lack of Confidence

in Using Foreign Languages?

Page 6: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

How much English do you want to acquire in the future?

Don’t think English

is necessary

Enough to travel and

conduct every day

conversation

Enough to live

abroad

Enough to use

English

at work

Junior High

Senior High

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中高生の英語学習に関する実態調査2014(ベネッセ、2015

Speaking English is cool

Knowing English will help me to get a job

I want to use in my job

I want to study abroad

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日本の企業はグローバル化を進めるべきだと思いますか?Should Japanese companies proceed with

globalization?

The 6th Global Awareness Survey on Newly-

hired Workers

(Sangyo-Noritsu University) http://www.sanno.ac.jp/research/pdf/global2015.pdf

Page 9: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

What ability is most needed in working abroad?

Language and

communication ability

Page 10: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

あなたはこれから海外で働きたいと思いますか。

Would you like to work

abroad?

No Yes, depending on

region

Yes, regardless of

region

Page 11: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Reasons for not wanting to work

abroad

No confidence in language ability

Page 12: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

How much English have you acquired?

Can’t use

English at all

Can use Englilsh to

negotiate and do business

Page 13: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Goals and Issues

Page 14: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Goal → 50%

Goal set by MEXT

Junior High Students’ Proficiency STEP 3rd grade

Present situation

Page 15: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Goal → 50%

English teachers’ Proficiency goal STEP Pre 1st grade

Present situation

Page 16: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

% of teachers teaching their class in English

Almost all

More than 50%

Less than

50%

Almost all or over 50% in English

Page 17: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

GOAL → 50%

Goal set by MEXT

Present situation

Senior High Students’ Proficiency STEP pre-2nd grade

Page 18: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Goal → 75%

English teachers’ Proficiency goal STEP Pre 1st grade

Present situation

Page 19: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

% of teachers teaching their class in English

total

Page 20: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Contents of JTEs teaching and student activities (Junior High)

Reading aloud

Pronunciation Practice

Grammar explanations

Grammar Practice

Listening of text

Q&A of text

Memorizing and practicing key sentences

Spontaneous use of English to talk about self

Listening to authentic English

Summary retelling of text

Reading authentic texts

Writing summary of text

Discussion

Debate

Page 21: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Reading aloud

Pronunciation Practice

Grammar explanations

Grammar Practice

Listening of text

Q&A of text

Memorizing & practicing key sentences

Translation of text

Summary retelling of text

Reading authentic texts

Spontaneous use of English to talk about

self Writing summary of text

Speech, presentation

Listening to authentic English

Discussion

Debate

Contents of JTEs teaching and student activities (Senior High)

Page 22: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Does Communicative Language Teaching Prepare Students for Entrance

Exams?

Page 23: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

700

750

800

1年 2年 3年

120

130

140

150

160

170

180

190

200

210

220

230

240高校生上位高校生中上位高校生平均SELHi上位SELHi中上位SELHi中下位高校生上位高校生中上位高校生平均SELHi上位SELHi中上位SELHi中下位

■SELHiの英語教育の成果 -Ⅱ期校のGTECとセンター試験の結果より-

SELHiの英語力伸長度は各成績層とも一般校を上回るSELHiの取り組み・指導は入試の結果(センター試験英語)にもつながる

「センター試験自己採点集計」と「GTEC for STUDENTS」の受験データより作成

・各成績層のSELHiデータはⅡ期指定校のうち20

校1853人のデータを使用。

・センター試験自己採点集計40万人のデータからGTECを複数回受検しているSELHi以外の7万人を抽出。

GTEC TotalGTEC Totalスコアスコア センター試験得点センター試験得点

University

Center Test

Results

Page 24: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Three elements of Active Learning and the Improvement of the

Learning Process

Knowledge

・Skills

Thinking,

Decision-

making and

Expressing

Development of Strength and Human Character to

Learn

Deep learning

Interactive learning

Autonomous

learning

Page 25: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Active Learning

教員による一方向的な講義形式の教育とは異なり、学修者の能動的な学修への参加を取り入れ た教授・学習法の総称。学修者が能動的に学修することによって、認知的、倫理的、社会的能力、 教養、知識、経験を含めた汎用的能力の育成を図る。発見学習、問題解決学習、体験学習、調査 学習等が含まれるが、教室内でのグループ・ディスカッション、ディベート、グループ・ワーク

等も有効なアクティブ・ラーニングの方法である。

Active learning is the overall term used to refer to learning which has as its goal

the development of general human capacity which includes cognitive, ethical

and social competence, as well as education and knowledge. This can be

attained through discovery learning, problem-solving learning, experiential

learning, and research. In the classroom , group discussions, debates, group

work, etc. are also effective Active Learning procedures.

Page 26: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a
Page 27: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Which should we aim for: Native English Education

or Plurilingual Education?

What do you teach? I teach Japanese.

Page 28: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Kawashima (2013) の研究 The Effects of Exposure to Non-native English on Self-confidence of Japanese High

School Students. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Macquarie University.

Exposing non-native English to high school

students

→ the more non-native varieties of English the students are exposed

to in class, the more the students themselves develop positive attitudes

towards non-native varieties of English, as well as towards using non-native

Japanese English

→ the less exposure to non-native varieties of English and the lower

the English proficiency level of the students, the more negative their

attitude becomes towards non-native varieties of English, and the stronger

their attitude becomes towards the use of native English

**Can be said of teachers, too?

Page 29: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Results show that although the participants were learning English as a

foreign language and their goals for learning English were to achieve native-

like competence, they mainly had Japanese teachers of English in mind as

speaker models. Although it is not necessary to have native-like English in

order to be seen as a speaker model, it is necessary for students to observe

the speaker model using English for communicative purposes.

Characteristics of speaker models for Japanese

university students Kenta Yamanouchi

Eurasian Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5–23

students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see

someone as a speaker model

Page 30: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Whose English is American English?

Ownership of English

Whose English is British English?

Whose English is Indian English?

Whose English is Japanese English?

THEIR

ENGLISH

MY

ENGLISH Whose English is English as

Lingua Franca? OUR

ENGLISH

The Interaction Hypothesis

Page 31: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

The Meaning of Can-do as a Goal in English Education

Performance more important than form

Page 32: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

今後の英語教育の改善・充実方策について(報告)~グローバル化に対応した英語教育改

革 の五つの提言~

小・中・高の学校種ごとの教育目標を、4技能ごとに、国が示す「英語を使って何ができるか」(Can-do)の指標を用いて設定する。これにより、各学校が、具体的な学習到達目標を設定し、資質・能力に関する達成状況を明確に検証できるようにする。

国際共通語としての英語の最終的到達目標としての Can-do

Final Goal

To develop the ability to accurately understanding speaker’s

intention and ideas, expressing own idea logically—providing

evidence and reasons—counter-argue and persuade listener

(Development of Language Ability)

Page 33: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

中学校

他教科での学習内容、学校生活における活動、地域行事、生徒の体験等と関連付けることで、文法訳読に偏ることなく、互いの考えや気持ちを英語で伝え合う言語活動を中心とする授業を構成することが可能になる

高等学校

高等学校では、中学校との円滑な接続を図りながら、国際社会の多様性に対応した目標・内容を設定し、幅広い話題について発表・討論・交渉などを行う言語活動の高度化を図ることが適当である。

CLIL・Importance of Emphasis on Content

今後の英語教育の改善・充実方策について(報告)~グローバル化に対応した英語教育改革 の五つの提言~

小学校

児童への指導に当たっては、英語教育に関する専門性を前 提としながらも、児童理解の観点、他教科等と連動した学習内容・活動を行う観点から、学級経営を基盤とした授業の実施等に対応できる指導者が求められる

Page 34: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Simply Learning English is not Interesting

Where do you want to go?

Shibuya、Odaiba、Asakusa、Skytree

Tokyo Tower、Tsukiji、Tokyo Dome、Imperial Palace、

I want to go to…………

Choosing favorite place among students

Interview classmates

Where do you think foreign tourists want to go?

Difference with students’ choice. Why?

Even children with high English proficiency enjoy the class

4th grade class at an elementary school in Musashi Murayama City

Page 35: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Mt. Fuji

Angkor Wat Pyramids

Statue of Liberty

Machu Pichu

Great Barrier Reef

Example of CLIL class in

junior high school

Mt. Fuji, Statue of Liberty, Great Barrier Reef, the Pyramids, the

Eiffel Tower, Angkor Wat → Where are they located?

STP Cambodia (Geography) World Heritage → Map of the World

Page 36: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Entrance Examination

Page 37: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

New Center

test

Admission process of

individual universities

High school basic academic skills

test

Page 38: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

大学入学希望者学力評価テスト(仮称)

○ 各大学が教育を行う上で基本とすべきは、ディプロマ・ポリシー、カリキュラム・ポリシー、アドミッション・ポリシーの三つのポリシーとそれらの間の緊密な関係である。特に、各大学のアドミッション・ポリシーは、ディプロマ・ポリシー及びカリキュラム・ポリシーと一体的であると同時に、当該大学の入学者選抜方法に具体化されるものでなければならない。

三つのポリシーについて、その策定を法令上義務付けることとあわせて、国において三つのポリシーの策定と運用に関するガイドラインを策定することが効果的と考える。

以下の「学力の3要素」について、具体的にどのような能力をどのレベルで求めるのか。

(ア) 知識・技能

(イ) 思考力・判断力・表現力

(ウ) 主体性を持って多様な人々と協働して学ぶ態度

・ 上記の三つの要素を大学入学者選抜において適切に評価するため、入学者選抜においてどのような多様な評価方法を組み合わせ、それらの方法についてそれぞれどのような水準を要求し、どのような比重を置いて評価するか。

New University Center Test

Knowledge, skills

Thinking, Judging, Expressing

Working with others

Page 39: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

A: Using existing 4-skills tests instead of Center test

B: Choice of Retaining Center Reading & Listening tests a/o using 4

Skills until 2023

Page 40: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

2015年9月29日更新

MEXT

Page 41: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

TEAP CBT

Integrated test

Writing

Speaking

speaking

Skills cannot be separated

Page 42: Oxford Day 2017 THE POWER OF LANGUAGE - Oxford ... Journal of Applied Linguistics 1 (2015) 5 –23 students’ attitudes about what characteristics led students to see someone as a

Benesse (2015)中高生の英語学習に関する実態調査2014 http://berd.benesse.jp/global/research/detail1.php?id=4356

Benesse (2015) 中高生の英語指導に関する実態調査

http://berd.benesse.jp/up_images/research/Eigo_Shido_all.pdf

CLIL International Research Journal (http://www.icrj.eu/)

Kawashima, T. (2013) The Effects of Exposure to Non-native English on Self-confidence of Japanese

High School Students. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Macquarie University.

TEAP http://www.eiken.or.jp/teap/

Test and Score Data Summary for TOEFL Internet-based and Paper-based Tests 2015

http://www.ets.org/s/toefl/pdf/94227_unlweb.pdf

「国際共通語として英語力向上のための5つの提言と具体的施策」(平成23年7月13日) http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chousa/shotou/082/houkoku/1308375.htm

文部科学省(2016) 平成27年度「英語教育実施状況調査」の結果

http://www.mext.go.jp/a_menu/kokusai/gaikokugo/1369258.htm

文部科学省(2013)外国語教育における「CAN-DOリスト」の形での学習到達目標設定に関する検討会議(第7回)

http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chousa/shotou/092/shiryo/1330903.htm

文部科学省(2014)今後の英語教育の改善・充実方策について報告~グローバル化に対応した英語教育改革の5つ

の提言~ http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chousa/shotou/102/houkoku/1352460.htm

東京都教育委員会(2016) 東京都英語教育線逆会議最終報告書

渡部、池田、和泉(編著) 2011 『CLIL内容言語統合型学習:上智大学外国語教育の新たなる挑戦、第1(原理と方法)』 (上智大学出版) 渡部、池田、和泉(編著) 2012 『CLIL内容言語統合型学習:上智大学外国語教育の新たなる挑戦、第2巻(実践と応用)』 (上智大学出版) Yamanouchi, K. (2015) Characteristics of speaker models for Japanese university students. Eurasian

Journal of Applied Linguistics 1, pp. 5–23

References

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