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t&SifOwÅrmeE´t&SifOwÅrmeE´t&SifOwÅrmeE´t&SifOwÅrmeE´t&SifOwÅrmeE(ay&ma'ed,wuúodkvf)(ay&ma'ed,wuúodkvf)(ay&ma'ed,wuúodkvf)(ay&ma'ed,wuúodkvf)(ay&ma'ed,wuúodkvf)\ xkwfa0NyD; pmpOfrsm;\ xkwfa0NyD; pmpOfrsm;\ xkwfa0NyD; pmpOfrsm;\ xkwfa0NyD; pmpOfrsm;\ xkwfa0NyD; pmpOfrsm;

1/ pHjyKxdkufaomESvHk;om; 2009

2/ Essential Knowledge of English 2009

(uGefysLwmrl? oifwef;oHk;)

3/ olwdkYavQmufaomvrf; 2010

4/ Exam Guide For MA (uGefysLwmrl? t*Fvdyf) 2010

5/ pepfwusrSm; 2011

6/ 0efESifh*kPf 2012

7/ Ak'¨pmayvmacgif;aqmifrIynmESifh

oabmw&m;rsm; 2013

8/ Ak'bmomESifhacwfopfurÇm (vufurf;pmtkyf) 2013

9/ aqG;aEG;tajz&Sm aeYpOfjyóem

("r® okw &o pmpkrsm;) 2013

10/ yk*Hudk a&mufcJhw,f 2014

11/ wwd,&wem (odkYr[kwf) avmu\jynfhpHkjcif;

(vufurf;pmtkyf) 2014

12/ Ak'¨bmomESifhEdkifiHa&; 2014

13/ rdk;udkqGwfí EGHrSmepfol (vufurf;pmtkyf) 2014

qufvufxkwfa0rnfh pmpOfqufvufxkwfa0rnfh pmpOfqufvufxkwfa0rnfh pmpOfqufvufxkwfa0rnfh pmpOfqufvufxkwfa0rnfh pmpOf

1/ aqG;aEG;tajz&Sm aeYpOfjyóem-2

("r® okw &o pmpkrsm;)

bmoma&; okdYr[kwf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ tqHk;r

omoem qdkonfrSm 0#fqif;&JrS xGufajrmufaMumif;

udk &nf&G,fygonf/ xdkaMumifh rsufarSmufaumif;zdkYudk

&nfñTef;onfrSm xif&Sm;ygonf/ taMumif;rSm rsuf

arSmufaumif;jcif; odkYr[kwf ypöKyÜefaumif;jcif;onf

tem*wfaumif;jcif;twGuf tkwfjrpfaumif; jzpfyg

onf/ Nidrf;csrf;jcif; b0'ku©rS vGwfajrmufjcif;onf

bmoma&;\ atmifjrifrIjzpfygonf/ rsm;rsm; vGwf

ajrmufav rsm;rsm;atmifjrifav jzpfygonf/ tm;vHk;

vGwfajrmufvQif tqHk;owfatmifjrifNyD; jzpfygonf/

bmoma&;\ atmifjrifrIqdkonfrSm ½dk;om;

ajzmifhrwfjcif;udk tajccHygonf/ yef;wdkifrSm edAÁmef

jzpfygonf/ EdkifiHa&;oabmw&m;qdkonfrSm enf;

vrf;udk tajccHygonf/ yef;wdkifrSm rnfonfhenf;jzifh

Ed kifEd kif Ed kifzd k Yt"du jzpfygonf/ vTrf;rd k;Ed kifjcif;

csKyfudkifEdkifjcif; vkyfydkifcGifhtmPm&&Sdjcif;onf EdkifiHa&;

4 t&SifOwårmeE´

\ atmifjrifrIjzpf ygonf/ rsm;rsm;&av rsm;rsm;

atmifjrifav jzpfygonf/ odkY&mwGif EdkifiHa&;wGif

tqHk;owfatmifjrifjcif;udk &SmawGU&ef cufvSonf/

taMumif;rSm EdkifiHa&;atmifjrifrIonf avmbtay:

tajccHxm;aomaMumifh jzpfonf/

bmoma&;t& ½dk;om;ajzmifhrwfjcif;qdkonf

rSm udk,ftm;jzifhvnf; ½dk;om;ajzmifhrwfNyD; pdwftm;

jzifhvnf; ½dk;om;ajzmifhrwfjcif;udk qdkvdkygonf/ qdkvdk

onfrSm twGif;a&m tjyifyg ajzmifhrwfjcif;udk jzpfyg

onf/ um,uH odkYr[kwf tay:,H r½dk;om;rIudk

odomaomfvnf; twGif;ydkif; aumufuspfrIudk rod

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qHk;jzwfMuaomaMumifh jzpfygonf/ bmoma&;t&

um,uHajrmuf jypfrIrsm;udkomru pdwfrSm jzpfae

onfh raumif;usifh raumif;BuH? pdwfrJ pdwfnpfrsm;

rdk;udkqGwfí EGHrSmepfol 5

udkyg wm;jrpfxm;ygonf/ xdktwGuf tajccHvdktyf

csufrSm ½dk;om;rI ajzmifhrwfrI jzpfygonf/ ½dk;om;rI

r&SdorQ umvywfvHk; bmoma&;t& vGwfajrmufrI

qdkonfudk rnfonfhtcgrQ &&SdEdkifvdrfhrnf r[kwfay/

tay:,Htm;jzifh ½dk;om;onfxif&aomfvnf;

twGif;ydkif; aumufuspfolrsm; ,kwfrmolrsm;udk

aMumifolawmf <uufolcdk;[k qdkygonf/ bmoma&;

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onf/ r½dk;om;jcif;aMumifh rnfonfhtcgrS w&m;xl;udk

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r&Edkif[k qdkvdkjcif;jzpfygonf/ trSeftm;jzifh rnfonfh

e,fy,frSmjzpfjzpf r½dk;om;rIonf cPwm atmifyJG

qifEdkifí tqHk;owfrSm us½IH;&NrJom jzpfygonf/

bmoma&;t& t"duajymvdkonfrSm b0

vGwfajrmufrIudk &Smolrsm;taejzifh tpuwnf;u

yif ½dkom;rI &Sd&rnfqdkonfhtcsuf jzpfygonf/ tppf

trSef bmoma&;t& r½dk;om;orQ umvywfvHk;

emrnf ausmfMum;rnf xif&Sm; vlodrsm;rnf jzpf

aomfvnf; b0vGwfajrmufrIudkum; rnfonfhtcgrQ

&Edkifrnf r[kwfay/

bmoma&;e,fy,fwGif atmifjrifausmfMum;

rI vlodrsm;xifay:rIrsm;jzifh vGwfajrmufrIyef;wdkifudk

wdkif;wmjcif;r[kwfonfrSm tvGefxif&Sm;ygonf/

xifay:ausmfMum; vlodrsm;rIwdkYudk todtrSwfjyK&rnf

jzpfaomfvnf; tumESifh tESpf twGif;ESifhtjyif t"du

ESifh omrnrsm;udk cJGjcm;xm;&rnf jzpfonf/

jrwfpGmbk&m;ESifh t*¾om0uBuD;rsm; jzpfMu

onfh t&Sifom&dykwå&mESifh t&Sifarm*¾vmefwdkY om0w¬d

jynf aZw0efausmif;ü oDwif;oHk;csdefu jzpfygonf/

xdktcsdefwGif &Sifa'0'wåonf &mZN*dK[fwGif oD;oefY

cJGNyD; oDwif;oHk;aeonf/ taMumif;rSm jrwfpGmbk&m;

onf udk;0gta&mufwGif aumorÁDjynf aCmodwm½Hk

6 t&SifOwårmeE´

ausmif;ü oHCmawmfrsm;ESifhtwl oDwif;oHk;csdefu

jzpfygonf/ 'um-'umrrsm;onf ausmif;awmfodkY

aeYnrjywf a&mufvmavh&SdNyD; t&Sifom&dykwå&m

t&Sifarm*¾vmeftp &Sdaom t*¾om0BuD;rsm; r[m

om0BuD;rsm;udk vma&muf zl;ajrmfMuonf/ ajymqdk

EIwfqufMuonf/ t½kPfqGrf; aeYqGrf;rsm; oma&;

ema&;rsm; vmyifhMuonf/ w&m;"r®rsm; em,lMu?

aqG;aEG;ar;jref;Muonf/

&Sifa'0'wfukdum; vma&mufEIwfqufol

w&m;"r®aqG;aEG;ar;jref;ol &Sm;yg;onf/ oma&;

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onf rif;om; b0rSvmoljzpfNyD; tNrJwrf;vdk xifay:

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jzifh olYudkrS ta&;xm; ar;jref;apvdkonf/ ausmif;

uefbk&m;udk a&mufvmolawGtaejzifh olYudk &Smap

vdkonf/ tav;xm;apvdkonf/ bk&m;&Sifuvnf;

rdk;udkqGwfí EGHrSmepfol 7

trsKd;&if; qdkNyD;awmh olYudkta&;ray;/ olxifovdk

bmrS jzpfrvmcJh/ vlrod olrod rxifr&Sm;b0udk

a'0'wfrauseyfEdkif/

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aevQifvnf; olarQmfvifhovdk emrnfBuD;vmzdkY xif&Sm;

vmzdkYqdkonfrSm rjzpfEdkif/ t*¾om0uESpfyg;wdkYudk ol

rausmfvTm;Edkif/ r[mom0ursm;udk rausmfvTm;Edkif/

tenf;qHk;awmh bk&m;&Sifu rsufESmom ay;vQifyif

awmfygao;onf/ tckawmh xdkodkYr[kwf/ xdkaMumifh

om0w¬dudk cGmrnf/ þonfrSm &mZN*dK[fudk a'0'wf

a&mufcJh&jcif;\ taMumif;&if; jzpfonf/

wpfaeYoü t&Sifom&dykwå&mESif h t&Sif

arm*¾vmefwdkYonfh aemufyg wynfh&[ef; ig;&mpD

toD;oD;vdkufygvQuf jrwfpGmbk&m;\ Mo0g'awmfESifh

tnD omoemjyKc&D; <uMuonf/ c&D;wpfaxmuf

&mZN*dK[fjynfodkY a&mufMuonf/ &mZN*dK[fjynfom;wdkY

8 t&SifOwårmeE´

onf tvsOf;oifhovdk tkyfpkrsm;zJGYum tvSLtwef;

rsm; ay;vSLMuonf/ t&Sifom&dykwå&mrax&fonf

vSL'gef;&jcif;\ tusKd;aus;Zl;rsm;udk tpcsDum w&m;

"r®rsm; a[mMum;awmfrlonf/

'g,umwpfOD;onf t&Sifom&dykwå&m\

w&m;awmfü MunfndKí t*¾om0uESpfyg;wdk Yudk

aemufvdkuf oHCmawmf tyg;wpfaxmifwdkYESifhtwl

qGrf;qufuyf&ef avQmufxm;onf/ t&Sifom&d

ykwå&muvnf; vufcHawmfrlonf/ qGrf;'g,um

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tjcm;olrsm;udkvnf; rdrdwdkYwwfEdkifrQ yg0ifMu&ef

wdkufwGef; EId;aqmfonf/ tcsKdUu vSLzG,fypönf;rsm;

xnfh0ifMuonf/ tcsKdUu vkyftm;tvSL'gejyKMuonf/

rdk;udkqGwfí EGHrSmepfol 9

tvSLEdI;aqmfjcif;vkyfief;rSm &mZN*dK[fjynfvHk;

tESHYrQ jzpfavonf/ ola|;wpfa,mufuqdkvQif

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onf/ qGrf;uGrf;a0,sm0pötwGuf aiGaMu;rjynfhpHk

vQif a&mif;csNyD; toHk;jyKEdkifatmif[k ajymqdkvSL

vdkufjcif;jzpfonf/

emrnfBuD; ola|;wpfa,muf OD;aqmifí

NrdKUvHk;uRwfeD;yg; yg0ifvSL'gef;onfh qGrf;auR;yJGBuD;

jzpfvmcJhonf/ xdkaMumifh olwpfZGef; igwpfa,mif;r

vSL'gef;½HkrQjzifhyif oHCmwpfaxmif qGrf;auR;yJGtwGuf

jynfhpHkaeawmhonf/ ola|;wpfa,muf vSLvdkufonfh

wpfodef;weft0wfrSm a&mif;csp&mrvkdawmh/

qGrf;auR;udk OD;aqmifonfh tvSL&Sifola|;u

qGrf;auR;tcrf;tem;udk <ua&mufvmMuonfhvlrsm;

udk today;aMujimNyD; trsm;oabmxm;twdkif;

aqmif&GufEdkifzdkY qE´oabmxm;udk aumufcHav

10 t&SifOwårmeE´

onf/ ,if;rSm qGrf;auR;yJGtwGuf vdktyfvQif a&mif;cs

toHk;jyK&ef vSLvdkufonfh wpfodef;wef t0wfudpöjzpf

onf/ tjcm;vSLvdkufonfh vSLzG,fypönf;rsm;jzifhyif

qGrf;auR;yJGtwGuf jynfhpHkavmufiSí wpfodef;wef

t0wfrSm a&mif;cszdkYrvdkawmhaMumif;? xdkaMumifh tqdkyg

wpfodef;weft0wfudk ouFef;jyKvkyfí rnfonfh&[ef;

udk vSL'gef;oifhaMumif; tBuHOmPfawmif;cHavonf/

vltcsKdUu t&Sifom&dykwå&m t&Sifarm*¾vmef

wdkYtxJrS wpfyg;yg;udk vSL'gef;vdkonf/ olwdkYu

omoemrsufESm bk&m;rsufESmudk MunfhMujcif;jzpf

onf/ oDv orm"d ynm odu©moHk;yg; jynfhpHkonfudk

em;vnfolrsm; jzpfonf/ vltcsKdUurl &Sifa'0'wfudk

vSL'gef;vdkonf/ olwdkYu &Sifa'0'wfonf &mZN*dK[fudk

tOD; a&mufESifhol? &mZN*dK[fjynfom;wdkY\ r*Fvmudpö

t00wGif OD;pD;OD;aqmif jyKvkyfay;í tepfemcHxm;ol

rdrdwdkYESifh cifrif&if;ESD;oljzpfNyD; t&Sifom&dykwå&m? t&Sif

rdk;udkqGwfí EGHrSmepfol 11

arm*¾vmefwdkYrSm raeYwaeYurS a&mufvmolrsm; jzpf

aMumif;? xdkaMumifh t&ifa&mufESifholudkom vSL'gef;

&rnfjzpfaMumif; qdkavonf/ aemuf'umwdkYum;

omoemwGif tav;xm;onfh oDv? orm"d?

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oHk;yg;ESifh jynfhpHkonfh &[ef;awmfrsm;udk tav;

rxm;bJ yk*¾ d Kvfa&; &if;ESD;rIrsm;udk tajccHum

&Sifa'0'wf&oifhaMumif; wifjyMujcif; jzpfonf/

oabmxm;uJGjym;aeí rJcJGqHk;jzwfMu&ef

twnfjyKMuonf/ rJcJGqHk;jzwfawmh &Sifa'0'wfu

tjywftowf tEdkif&onf/ taMumif;rSm &mZN*dK[f

jynfom;rsm;udk olu vlaygif; aygif;xm;onf/ cifrif

&if;ESD;rI&atmif enf;trsKd;rsKd;jzifh vkyfxm;onf/ trSef

awmh xdkrJcJGqHk;jzwfonfhudpöudk t&Sifom&dykwå&m?

t&Sifarm*¾vmefwdkY rodvdkufMuay/ odvQifvnf; wm;

jrpfrnfom jzpfonf/ tvm;wlyif &Sifa'0'wfvnf;

12 t&SifOwårmeE´

od[efrwl/ odygvQifrl xkdyJGrsKd;udk awmif;qdkrnfom

jzpfonf/ taMumif;rSm a'0'wfonf om0w¬dwGif

½HI;edrfhcJholtjzpf olY[molcH,lNyD; &mZN*dK[frSm emrnf

aumif;&atmif vma&mufjyifqifaejcif; jzpfonf/

xkdyJGrsKd;udk olu awmifhwaernfom jzpfonf/

trSeftm;jzifh omomemwGif ynmay:tajccH

aom o'gw&m;tppftrSefjzifh MunfndKol enf;yg;

aMumif; yk*¾dKvfa&;&if;ESD;rIudk taMumif;jyKNyD; Munf

ndKMuolu ydkírsm;jym;aMumif; qdkxm;ygonf/ vlwdkY

onf rsm;aomtm;jzifh "r®"d|mefudk tajcrcHbJ yk*¾v

t"d|mefay: tajccHum qHk;jzwfwwfMuonf/ rJcJGqHk;

jzwfMuawmh &Sifa'0'wfbufu rJomonf/ wpfodef;

wefouFef;udk &vdkufonf/ þonfrSm rsm;wdkif;

raumif;qdkonfhoabm\ taxmufxm; jzpfonf/

rSefygonf/ rsm;wdkif;aumif;onfr[kwfbJ taumif;

rsm;rSom trSefwu,faumif;rnf jzpfygonf/

rdk;udkqGwfí EGHrSmepfol 13

wpfode f ;wefouFe f ;ud k &vd kufaom

&Sifa'0'wfrSm aysmfvdkufonfhjzpfjcif;/ olYtvdktwdkif;

jzpfNyD atmifjrifNyD vlodxif&Sm;jzpfNyD/ emrnfausmf

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aemufvmjyefonf/ ouFef;ESifh rxkdufwefaMumif;

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onf/ vl'umwdkYu rodonfhtavQmuf vSL'gef;

14 t&SifOwårmeE´

vmcJhvQifvnf; rdrdxufoiUfawmfol BuD;jrwfoludk

ñTefMum;&ef? vufcHxm;rdvdkufvQifvnf; rdrdxuf

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0wå&m;rsm; &Sdygonf/ wm0eft& vufcHxm;Edkif

aomfvnf; 0wå&m;t& jyefvnfvSL&rnf jzpfonf/

rdrdwm0eft& vufcHxm;&rnfom jzpfonf/ wm0ef

vufcH&csdefudk odí wm0efvJTtyfay;zdk Ytcsdefudk

odjcif;onf omoemawmf\ BuD;jrwfaom *kPf

odu©mwpf&yfjzpfonf/ xdktwl vlrIb0wGifvnf;

wm0ef,l&rnfhtcsdefudk odovdk wm0efvTJay;&rnfh

tcsdefudkvnf; od&ygrnf/ odkYrSom jynfolwdkY\

arwåmudk cH,l&rnf jzpfygonf/

a'0'wfonf atmifjrifrIudk a&&Snf&vdkí

wpfrsKd;vnf; BuHygonf/ rif;ESifh aygif;rSjzpfrnfudk

odonf/ odkY&mwGif AdrÁdom&rif;ESifh aygif;vdkYrjzpf/ ol

u jrwfpGmbk&m;&JY wynfht&if;/ bk&m;rSwyg;

rdk;udkqGwfí EGHrSmepfol 15

udk;uG,f&m &Smrnfholr[kwf/ &Sm&vQifawmif touf

aocHrnfhol jzpfonf/ xdktcsufudk a'0'wfaumif;

aumif; oabmaygufonf/ xdktwl t&G,fusaeNyD

jzpfaom aumovrif;ESifhvnf; aygif;vdkYrjzpf/ xdk

aMumifh tem*wfacgif;aqmifjzpfvmrnfh AdrÁdom&rif;

\om; tZmwowfESifh aygif;zdkY jyifqifonf/

odkYjzifh aumorÁDjynfuae t½HI;jzifh xGufcGm

vmonfh a'0'wfonf tBuHBuD; tpnfBuD;wdkYjzifh

&mZN*dK[fjynfodkY a&mufvm&jcif;jzpfonf/ t½HI;

qdkonfrSm olY[mESifhol qHk;jzwfonfh t½HI;om jzpfav

&m a'0'wf\ tBuHtpnfudk aumif;pGm&dyfrdol r&SdvS

ay/ oluvnf; BudwfBuHonfom jzpfonf/ wpfodef;

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onf/ csufaumif; apmifhaeonfhoabm jzpfonf/

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ykxkZOf&[ef;om jzpfaomfvnf; omrefawmh r[kwf/

16 t&SifOwårmeE´

psmeftbdnmOfwefcdk;rsm; &xm;oljzpf&um; xkdwefcdk;

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om; jzpfonf/ wpfacwfwGif tmPm&vmrnfh

tZmwowfrif;om;ukdvnf; eef;awmfpwJh EdkifiHa&;

todkif;t0dkif;uomru pD;yGm;a&;orm;rsm;uvnf;

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rdk;udkqGwfí EGHrSmepfol 17

r[kwf/ "r®obm0 ed,mrobm0udk em;rvnf/

jrwfpGmbk&m;udk tm;usNyD; oludk,fwdkif bk&m;vkyf

vdkao;onf/

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aemufvdkufrsm;udk &aomtcg bk&m;vkyfzdkY BuHpnf

awmh\/ xdktBuHudk BuHvdkufonfESifh wpfNydKifeuf

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NyD; &mZN*dK[fjynf a0VK0efausmif;ü oDwif;oHk;aecdkuf

18 t&SifOwårmeE´

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udk w&m;a[maecdkuf a'0'wfa&mufvmNyD; ]jrwfpGm

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aemufxyftBuHum; Murf;wrf;vSonf/

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onfh tBuHqdk;rsKd;jzpfonf/ bk&m;udkowfNyD; bk&m;

vkyfrnf-wJh/ t&ifqHk; tZmwowfrif;om;udk tBuH

rdk;udkqGwfí EGHrSmepfol 19

ay;onfrSm oifrif;om;u t&G,fa&mufvmNyD/ odkY&m

wGif oifhzcifrSm t&G,faumif;qJ usef;rmoefpGrf;qJ

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wdkufwGef;avonf/

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rnfonf Oyapä'uuHjzifh raoEdkifqdkonfudk a'0'wf

rod&Smav/ arm[BuD;vGef;vSacsonfwum;/

20 t&SifOwårmeE´

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qdkonfudk awrdrif;om; oabmaygufonf/

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udk,fwdkifu rvkyfcsifaomfvnf; acgif;aqmifwdkY xHk;pH

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wjcm;aomukodkvfuHrsm;aMumifh tck &Sifbk&ifhom;

rdk;udkqGwfí EGHrSmepfol 21

jyefjzpfvm&mwGifrl &Sifbk&if jzpfvdkpdwf r&Sdawmh/ odkYjzifh

tçcsifa,mif aqmifcJhonf/ odkYaomfjim;vnf; twdwf

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rif;om;jzpfaomfvnf; rif;jzpfuHrygí rjzpfcJhay/

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tjcm;jzpfpOfwpfckrSmvnf; ajccPm zwf

wwfonfh ykPÖm;wpfa,mufu ajray:wGif xl;jcm;

onfh vlwpfa,muf\ ajccPmudk awGUavonf/

22 t&SifOwårmeE´

xkdol\ajccPmt& rif;jzpf&rnf/ xdkaMumifh ykPÖm;

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rdk;udkqGwfí EGHrSmepfol 23

vlonf udk,fhudk,fudk odzdkYvdkonf/ udk,fh

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ppfwdkufjcif; rjyKawmhbJ oGm;a&mufNyD; vufatmuf

24 t&SifOwårmeE´

cHcJhonf[k qdkMuonf/ þtcsufonf jrefrmhordkif;

\ tajymif;tvJwpfckvnf; jzpfEdkifp&m&Sdygonf/

tdrfwGif;a&; rajyvnfvQif wdkif;jynfwnfNidrfzdk Y

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rodbJ udk,fUtaMumif;udk rodbJ OD;atmifaZ,sESifh

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jrefrmEdkifiHawmfqdkonfrSm wpfrsKd;wpfzHk jzpfaumif;

jzpfvmEdkifp&m &Sdygonf/

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um&m,eonf OD;&D;awmf AEKvppfolBuD;ESifh om;

oHk;q,fhESpfa,mufwdkYudk owfjzwfcJhonfh aumov

rif;udk rauseyf/ xdkaMumifh tcGihfomaomtcg xD;eef;

udk vk,lygonf/ odkY&mwGif olYudk,fol rif;jzpfxdkufol

r[kwfrSef;odí 0d##Lbrif;om;udk xD;eef;tyfcJhonf/

rdk;udkqGwfí EGHrSmepfol 25

26 t&SifOwårmeE´

yk*Hordkif;wGif &mZukrm&rif;om;onf olYtm; ray;

tyfcJhonfh xD;arG eef;arGudk vk,lzdkY rBudK;pm;cJhay/

ae&mESifh ywfoufí twk,lzG,f&m ocFef;pmrsm;udk

wifjyjcif;jzpfygonf/

taMumif;t&mudk jyefquf&vQif a'0'wf

tBuHay;onfhtwdkif; tZmwowfonf zcifudk

owfí rif;jzpfygonf/ a'0'wfrSmrlum; oHCmudk

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bk&m;\ oHCmqdkonfh e,fy,fxJü r&Sdawmhay/ Ak'

bmom &[ef;vnf; r[kwfawmh/ Ak'\wynfhom;

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y,fNyD; jzpfavonf/ bk&m; omoemESifh rnfodkYrQ

rywfoufawmhay/

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owfzdkY&ef av;orm;rsm;udk vTwfvdkufonf/ xkdtcsdef

ü awmxJwGif bk&m;&Sifwpfyg;wnf; oDwif;oHk;

rdk;udkqGwfí EGHrSmepfol 27

aecdkufjzpfonf/ a'0'wftBuHpnfudk MunfhygOD;/

t&ifqHk; av;orm;wpfzJG Yudk bk&m;&Sifudk vkyfBuHzdkY

vTwfvdkufonf/ bk&m;&Sifudk vkyfBuHNyD;jyefvmrnfh

xdktzJG Yudk aemufxyfwpfzJG Yu vrf;ckvwfuae apmifh

NyD; vkyfBuHaponf/ xdktzJGUudkvnf; aemufwpfzJGUu

wpfae&muaeí acsmif;ajrmif;vkyfBuHcdkif;jyefonf/

xdkenf;jzifh tpazsmufzdkY BudK;pm;onf/ tawmfudk

tBuHydkifavonf/

txufwGif ajymcJhonfhtwdkif; bk&m;&SifwdkY

rnfonf Oyapä'uuHjzifh y&dedAÁmefpH½dk; r&Sd/ xHk;pHr&Sd/

av;orm;rsm; ratmifjrifaomtcg a'0'wfonf

bk&m;&Sifudk udk,fwdkifowfzdkY BuHjyefonf/ bk&m;&Sif

onf *dZÑuk#fawmifapmif;wGif pBuFef<uaecdkuf

awmifay:rSaeí ausmufwkH;BuD;udk vdSrfhcsvdkufonf/

jrwfpGmbk&m;rSm touftEå&m,f rxdcdkufaomfvnf;

ajcaxmufrSm ausmufuJGxdí aoG;pdrf;wnfcJh&onf/

28 t&SifOwårmeE´

tZmwowfrif;\ tultnDjzifh ppfqifjzpfaom

emVm*D&dqifBuD;udk t&ufawG rl;atmifwdkufNyD;

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jyefonf/ a'0'wfonf bk&m;&Sifudk tBudrfBudrf owf

zdkY BudK;pm;aomfvnf; tBudrfwdkif;yif ratmifjrifcJhay/

bk&m;&Sifudk vkyfBuHonfrSm wpfBudrfru

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rausreyf ajymqdkvmMuonf/ tZmwowfrif;\

q&mjzpfonfudkvnf; odMuonf/ rauseyfcsufrsm;

onf wpfqifhpum; wpfqifhem;jzifh tZmowfrif;\

em;txd aygufavawmhonf/ jynfolwdkY rauseyf

vQif ol\rif;pnf;pdrfudkyg xdcdkufEdkifonfudk odae

onf/ xdktcsdefrSpí tZmwowfrif;onf a'0'wfudk

tqufjzwfvdkufonf/

opfyifvJawmh arsmuftkyf uJG&onfrSm

"r®wmjzpfonf/ tZmwowfrif;\ rSDcdk&m axmufyHh

rdk;udkqGwfí EGHrSmepfol 29

&mudk r&awmh a'0'wfvnf; tawmf,dkifoGm;onf/

odkYaomf a'0'wfum; OmPfeDOmPfeufrsm;ol tBuH

tzef&Sdol jzpfonf/ aemufqHk;tBuH olBuHjyefonf/

t,ltqwpfck csjy&ef jzpfonf/ t&if aqmif;yg;

rsm;wGif aqG;aEG; wifjycJhbl;ouJhodkY EdkifiHa&;&m

vkyfief;wpfckrSm udk,fUt,ltqudk y&dowfa&SUcsjy&ef

jzpfonf/ aumif;aumif;qdk;qdk; rSefrSefrSm;rSm; BudKuf

ol&Sdovdk uefYuGufolvnf; &Sdrnfom jzpfonf/ xdk

oabmudk a'0'wfu aumif;aumif;odonfom/

aemufqHk; tm;xkwfcsuftaejzifh a'0'wf

onf bk&m;&Sif&Sd&m oGm;onf/ acgif;yg;aom tusifh

wpfrsKd;udk wifjy&efjzpfonf/ xdktcsufjzifh rod

em;rvnfao;ol omoemyg; r0ao;ol &Sifi,f

&[ef;i,frsm;udk qJGaqmif&ef odrf;oGif;&efjzpfonf/

ol\t,ltqjzpfaom acgif;yg;aomtusifhwGif

30 t&SifOwårmeE´

atmufygtwdkif; ig;csuf yg0ifonf/ bk&m;omoem

twGif; a&mufvmMuonfh &Sif?&[ef;wdkYtaejzifh-

(1) toufxufqHk; awmausmif;üom aeMuí

NrdKUjyausmif;rsm; &Gmausmif;rsm;wGif raeMu&ef/

(2) yifhzdwfvSL'gef;onfh qGrf;rsm;udk rbkOf;ay;bJ

wpfoufywfvHk; qGrf;cHíom bkOf;ay;Mu&ef/

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csKyfvSL'gef;onfhouFef;rsm;udk r0wf½HkbJ trIdufyHk

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aumufí udk,fwdkifcsKyf-qdk;jyKvkyf&aom yHhoul

ouFef;rsm;udkom 0wf½Hk Mu&ef/

(4) opfyif&if;rSmom tNrJaexkdif oDwif;oHk;Mu&ef/

(5) trJ om; ig;wdkYudk bkOf;ay;oHk;aqmifjcif; rjyKbJ

&moufyef oufowfvGwfom bkOf;ay;Mu&ef/

txufyg a'0'wf\ awmif;qdkcsufrsm;udk

Ak'u vufcHawmf rrlcJhay/ vlMum;aumif;½Hk t,l

rdk;udkqGwfí EGHrSmepfol 31

tqrsm;jzpfNyD; vufawGUusifh&ef roifhavsmfaom

r*fzdkvfedAÁmef &aMumif;r[kwfaom taMumif;rsm;

aMumifh jzpfonf/ xdktcsufrsm;ESif h ywfoufí

jrwfpGmbk&m; rdefYMum;onfrSm &Sif;ygonf/ usifhvdku

usifhí rusifhvdkuvnf; aeEdkifaMumif; "kwifqdkif&m

tusifhjrwfrsm;wGifvnf; tus,fw0ifh &Sif;vif;xm;

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b0qdkonfrSm tyludkvdkvQif tat;udk &wwfí?

tat;udkvdkvQif tyludk &wwfonf[k qdkMuygonf/

rSefygonf/ vl'um-'umrwdkY tqifajyovdk vSL

aomt&mudk vufcH&rnfomjzpf&m [dk[mudk vdkcsifí

'D[mudk rvdkcsif[k acs;rsm;í rjzpfay/

32 t&SifOwårmeE´

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jiif;y,fcJhonfhtwGuf a'0'wfu 0rf;renf;yg/

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tpHka&SUrSm xdkt,lqudk xyfrHcsjyjyefonf/ axmufcH

rJ awmif;cHonf/ txufwGif ajymcJhovdk t,ltq

wpfck wifjy&mwGif rSefrSefrSm;rSm; axmufcHolrsm;

&SdouJhodkY uefYuGufolrsm;vnf; &Sdaernfom jzpf

onf/ a'0'wfonf omoemwGif; a&mufpjzpfonfh

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t&yf&Sd ausmif;odkY cJGxGufoGm;onf/

*,moDot&yfwGif a'0'wf\ jzpfaMumif;

ukefpifudk rodao;Muonfh ol\aemufvdkufrsm;

rdk;udkqGwfí EGHrSmepfol 33

y&dowfrsm; &Sdao;onf/ aemufyg&[ef;rsm;ESifh

xdky&dowfrsm;udk w&m;a[m&if; bk&m;ESifhtwl jyKrl

onf/ wpfpifaxmifí udk,fh[mudk,f bk&m;vkyfonf

[k ajym&rnfxifonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m;wGif vuf0J

vusfm t*¾om0uBuD;rsm;jzpfonfh t&Sifom&dykwå&m

t&Sifarm*¾vmefwdk Y &S douJUodk Y olYwGifvnf;

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zm;onf jcaoFhjzpfrvmEdkifqdkonfh pum;twdkif;

a'0'wfonf bk&m;&Sifudk vdkufwkaomfvnf; bk&m;

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w&m;udk rjrifEdkif/ avmbBuD;vGef;í qHk;½HI;&rnfh

ta&; wefjyefru ay;qyf&rnfhta<u;udk rjrifEdkif/

*,moDoodkY t&Sifom&dykwå&mESifh t&Sif

arm*¾vmefwdkY <uvmawmfrlNyD; omoemyg; r0ao;

onfh &[ef;i,frsm;udk vrf;aMumif;rSefjy w&m;

34 t&SifOwårmeE´

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t&d,mrsm;jzpfoGm;NyD; a'0'wfudk pGefYcGmukefMuonf/

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Wednesday, December 11, 2013uttamananda@gmail.comhttp://www.thuthayet.com/