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World War II: War in the Pacific
1.
Japan Strikes!
Pearl Harbor only the beginning of Japanese plansTurn to pg 448 in your text book Guam and Wake Islands in the Pacific Launch an attack on the PhilippinesBritish Hong Kong, Malaya, and SingaporeDutch East Indies (Indonesia) Burma
Japanese Brutality
War for the Philippines ends with a Japanese Victory 75,000 American and Filipino troops surrender to the Japanese Japan now outnumbered by their prisoners
Bataan Death march Force these captives to walk approximately 100 miles
to a prisoner of war camp Randomly beat POWs Tortured to death for falling behind 10,000 soldiers died on the March
Japanese Tactics
Heavily fortify the HUNDREDS of small islands all through the Pacific
Claim to come as liberators “Asia for the Asians”Treat the newly conquered populations
with severe brutality
Allies on the Offensive
1942 send 16 B-52 bombers to bomb Tokyo Sending the message YOU ARE NOT
INVINCIBLE
Allied forces rally to the cause and new hope is in sight
Battle of Coral Sea
NEW KIND OF SEA BATTLEFought entirely between the aircraft from the two fleets (Japanese and American/ Australian forces) No definitive winner Japanese sink more shipsAllies stop the Japanese advancement for
the first time
The Battle of Midway Largest fleet ever assembled Japanese have over 150 ships included the largest
battleship ever built
Allies crack a Japanese code that gives advanced warning and begin to plan an ambush Out numbered by ships and airplanes
Allow Japan to attack the island first and sent the Allied planes out to attack the unsuspecting ships
Allies destroy 352 planes and all 4 aircraft carriers
TURNING POINT OF THE PACIFIC THEATRE
Allied Strategy in the Pacific
Too many islands to take back one by one “Island Hopping”Strategically take islands throughout the
Pacific while ignoring othersTake Islands not as well defended and
closer to Japan Hopefully the strongholds would be cut off
and eventually weaken
Battle of Guadalcanal
Huge Japanese airbase being builtWant to destroy the base before it is a stronghold Attack with 19,000 marines Japanese overwhelmed but pledge to fight till the
death
After 6 months of fighting the Allies finally force the Japanese off the island 23,000 allied casualties 36,000 Japanese Casualties
Japanese Propaganda
As the Allies island hopped something was amiss… Why were the civilian populations killing
themselves before the allies were in control?
Japanese had spread rumors about US marines Kept caged gorillas they would watch tear apart
prisoners Bayonet babies Etc
Beginning of the End in the Pacific
Firebombing of Tokyo and other major cities Development of the B-29 had a 1500 mile
range Bombed major cities with firebombs nightly Flew at higher altitudes to avoid anti-
aircraft Less precision, bombed wherever the
munitions fell
Manhattan Project
Albert Einstein escapes from Germany before the rise of Hitler
Discussions of the uses of Atomic energy begin but many feel an A-bomb is an impossibility
Concerned scientists realized that the Nazi would definitely find a way to develop one if this was a possibility (which Fermi and Oppenhiemer believed it was)
Manhattan Project
Einstein’s Letter to FDR (1939)1942 the project gets is official start Facilities at Los Alamos, New Mexico and Oak Ridge, Tennessee Complete Secrecy Manage to develop 3 bombs 1 test Fat Man Little Boy
Back to Hitler and the European Theatre
In groups of 2-3, read pgs 455-459 up to Victory in the Pacific As you read… complete the story of Allied
Victory sheet
You have 20 minutes to complete this task!
Meanwhile, back in the Pacific
Japan had tried to destroy the entire American Fleet in the battle of Leyte Gulf Destroy the fleet and cut off the troops Backfired and lost their entire fleet instead
US forces land on the Philippines and General Macarthur declares his return
Marines begin the difficult battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa
Iwo Jima
Small volcanic Island with airfield and several well defended tunnel systems by the Japanese
American Forces storm the island and through intense battle manage to take the island after decimating the Japanese forces (only 1500 of the original 22,000 survived) and sustaining heavy casualties of over 6,000
Iwo Jima
Us Marines raising a flag on top of the Volcanic cone on the island
“Captured the soul of a nation”
Okinawa
350 miles from the coast of Japan
Bloodiest land battle of the war
Japan lost 110,000 troops
Americans lost 12,500
Bitter battle that ends with an American victory
Difficult Decision
Truman must now decide whether to risk a costly invasion of Japan or use the most deadly weapon ever created by man
Risk loosing 500,000 American soldiers or indiscriminately kill whole Japanese cities
The Scenario
Japan, sensing defeat sends an envoy to the Soviet Union in the hopes of negotiating peace… there is no progress
US sends a warning to the Japanese threatening to rain terror from the sky if they do not unconditionally surrender… Japanese send no reply
The Scenario
Truman decides to drop the bombsTargets are selected Little Boy is dropped on Hiroshima
Hiroshima Casualties Ground Distance (km)
Killed Injured Population
0-1.0 86% 10% 31,200
1.0-2.5 27% 37% 144,800
2.5-5.0 2% 25% 80,300
Total 27% 30% 256,300
The Warning
Truman warns Japan that we will destroy a city every three days if they do not surrenderPartly a bluffWe only had one more bomb
Japan does not surrender after Hiroshima
Nagasaki
Fat man is dropped on Nagasaki
Another city is decimated
Population of the city 164,00039,000 killed25,000 injured
60% of all deaths from burns
Atomic Bomb Conditions
Ground Temperature of 7,000 Degrees F
Winds of 980 mph
Energy released equal to 20,000 tons of TNT
210,000 total deaths related to the Atomic Bomb
Discussion
Did Truman make the right decision? Why or why not? Take 3 minutes and collect your thoughts. Write 2-3 sentences explaining your stance.