PALM-3000

Systems Engineering

R. Dekany, A. Bouchez

9/22/10 Integration & Testing Review

PALM-3000Outline

1. Performance Predictions

2. Requirements

3. Error Budgets

4. Operations Concepts Development

5. Servo Control

6. Work during I&T phase

2

PALM-3000Strehl vs. Observing Wavelength

(for various levels of RMS wavefront error in nm)

0

0.5

1

0 0.5 1 1 .5 2 2 .5

W avelen g th (m icro n s)

Str

ehl r

atio

H

250

200

100

80

PALM-3000

4

Reference Science Cases

PALM-3000

5

Performance Summary

PALM-3000

Error Budget ExampleV = 6.5 NGS

Median seeing and wind

30 deg zenith (r0 = 8.4 cm)

Includes:

21 nm RMS anisoplanatism (1.0 arcsec)

35 nm RMS margin

Total effective WFE = 104 nm RMS1-D TT error = 2.3 mas RMS

H-Strehl = 85%

6

Palomar Wavefront Error Budget Summary Version 2.1

Mode: P3K NGS u' g' r' i' Z Y J H KInstrument: PHARO l (mm) 0.36 0.47 0.62 0.75 0.88 1.03 1.25 1.64 2.20Sci. Observation: Exo Jup NGS dl (mm) 0.06 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.12 0.12 0.16 0.29 0.34

l/D (mas) 14.4 18.9 24.9 30.3 35.7 41.8 50.6 66.2 89.1

Sci Filter

Atmospheric Fitting Error 41 nm 63 Subaps 0.60 0.74 0.84 0.89 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 0.99Bandwidth Error 36 nm 82 Hz (-3db) 0.67 0.79 0.88 0.91 0.94 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.99High-order Measurement Error 32 nm 6.5 mV 0.72 0.83 0.90 0.93 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99LGS Tomography Error 0 nm 1 natural guide star 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Asterism Deformation Error 0 nm 0.50 m LLT 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Chromatic Error H 1 nm Upper limit 0.00 0.56 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Dispersion Displacement Error H 19 nm Estimate 0.36 0.85 0.97 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Multispectral Error H 25 nm 30 zen; sci wav 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Scintillation Error 15 nm 0.44 Scint index at 0.5um 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00

WFS Scintillation Error 10 nm Allocation 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

73 nm

Uncorrectable Static Telescope Aberrations 14 nm 64 Acts Across Pupil 0.94 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00Uncorrectable Dynamic Telescope Aberrations 0 nm Dekens Ph.D 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Static WFS Zero-point Calibration Error 25 nm Allocation 0.82 0.89 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99Dynamic WFS Zero-point Calibration Error 20 nm Allocation 0.88 0.93 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00Leaky Integrator Zero-point Calibration Error 15 nm Allocation 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00Stale Reconstructor Error 0 nm Allocation 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Go-to Control Errors 0 nm Allocation 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Residual Na Layer Focus Change 0 nm 30 m/s Na layer vel 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00DM Finite Stroke Errors 24 nm 5.2 um P-P stroke 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99DM Hysteresis 7 nm from TMT model 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00High-Order Aliasing Error 9 nm 63 Subaps 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00DM Drive Digitization 1 nm 16 bits 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Uncorrectable AO System Aberrations 20 nm Allocation 0.88 0.93 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00Uncorrectable Instrument Aberrations 37 nm PHARO 0.65 0.78 0.87 0.91 0.93 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.99DM-to-lenslet Misregistration 15 nm Allocation 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00DM-to-lenslet Pupil Scale Error 15 nm Allocation 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00

66 nmAngular Anisoplanatism Error 21 nm 1.0 arcsec 0.87 0.92 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00HO Wavefront Error Margin 35 nm Allocation 0.68 0.80 0.88 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99

Total High Order Wavefront Error 98 nm 103 nm 0.00 0.08 0.35 0.49 0.60 0.69 0.77 0.86 0.92

Sci FilterTilt Measurement Error (one-axis) 0.80 mas 6 nm 6.5 mag (mV) 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Tilt Bandwidth Error (one-axis) 1.20 mas 10 nm 45.1 Hz (-3db) 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Tilt Anisoplanatism Error (one-axis) 0.00 mas 0 nm 0.0 arcsec from sci 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Residual Centroid Anisoplanatism 0.00 mas 0 nm NGS x reduction 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Residual Atmospheric Dispersion H 0.34 mas 3 nm 20 x reduction 0.40 0.55 0.93 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Induced Plate Scale Deformations 0.57 mas 5 nm -1500 m conj height 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Non-Common-Path Tip-Tilt Errors 0.00 mas 0 nm 3.2 mas/hrAllocation 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Residual Telescope Pointing Jitter (one-axis) 1.33 mas 11 nm 3 Hz input disturbance 0.96 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

TT Error Margin 1.00 mas 8 nm Allocation 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Total Tip/Tilt Error (one-axis) 2.3 mas 20 nm 0.89 0.93 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00

Total Effective Wavefront Error 104 nm 0.00 0.08 0.34 0.48 0.59 0.68 0.77 0.85 0.91

14.6 19.1 25.1 30.3 35.8 41.8 50.7 66.3 89.1

Sci Filter 10 35 50 70 90 120 240 400 800 60Ensquared Energy H 0.02 0.18 0.31 0.53 0.68 0.80 0.87 0.89 0.93 0.50

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.16 0.51

Sky Coverage Galactic Latitude N/A deg

Corresponding Sky Coverage ###### This fraction of sky can be corrected to the Total Effective WFE shown

Assumptions / Parameters

Atmospheric / Observing Parameters System Parameters LO WFS MagnitudesZenith Angle 30 deg LGS Asterism Radius 0.00 arcmin u' g' r' i' Z Y J H Kr0 0.084 m LGS Power NGS W 7.5 6.8 5.8 5.0 4.7 4.3 3.8 2.7 1.6theta0_eff 1.565 arcsec BTO Transmission 1.00Wind Speed 9.24 m/s HO WFS Transmission 0.28 Derived ValuesOuter Scale 75 m HO WFS Type SH using CCD50 HO WFS Rate 1235 HzSodium Abundance 3 x 109 cm-2 HO WFS Noise 7.7 e- rms Detected PDE/subap/exp 195

HO WFS Anti-aliasing YESAO Modes of Operation LO WFS Transmission 0.28

Science AO Mode: SCAO LO WFS Type NGS using CCD50 LO WFS Rate 1235 HzLOWFS AO Mode: 0.00 LO WFS Noise 7.7 e- rms Detected PDE/subap/exp 730948

LO WFS Star Type: MNumber of WFS's for TT measurement Max TT Rejection Bandwidth 100 Hz

TT 0TTFA 0 Observation Parameters3x3 0 Max Exposure Time 2 secHOWFS 1

Seeing-Limited

Square

High Order Strehl

Tip/Tilt Strehl

Total Strehl (%)

FWHM (mas)

Parameter

Spaxel / Aperture Diameter (mas)

Error (rms)EquivalentWFE (rms)

Science Band

Strehl Ratio (%)

Strehl ratios (%)Science Tip/Tilt Errors

WavefrontError (rms)

Science High-order Errors (NGS Mode)

Angular

Parameter

PALM-3000

Error Budget ExampleV = 4.5 NGS

Median seeing and wind

10 deg zenith (r0 = 9.1 cm)

Includes:

18 nm RMS anisoplanatism (1.0 arcsec)

35 nm RMS margin

Total effective WFE = 92 nm RMS1-D TT error = 1.9 mas RMS

H-Strehl = 88%

7

Palomar Wavefront Error Budget Summary Version 2.1

Mode: P3K NGS u' g' r' i' Z Y J H KInstrument: PHARO l (mm) 0.36 0.47 0.62 0.75 0.88 1.03 1.25 1.64 2.20Sci. Observation: Exo Jup NGS dl (mm) 0.06 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.12 0.12 0.16 0.29 0.34

l/D (mas) 14.4 18.9 24.9 30.3 35.7 41.8 50.6 66.2 89.1

Sci Filter

Atmospheric Fitting Error 38 nm 63 Subaps 0.63 0.77 0.86 0.90 0.93 0.95 0.96 0.98 0.99Bandwidth Error 20 nm 133 Hz (-3db) 0.88 0.93 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00High-order Measurement Error 13 nm 4.5 mV 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00LGS Tomography Error 0 nm 1 natural guide star 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Asterism Deformation Error 0 nm 0.50 m LLT 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Chromatic Error H 0 nm Upper limit 0.00 0.60 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Dispersion Displacement Error H 6 nm Estimate 0.90 0.98 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Multispectral Error H 22 nm 10 zen; sci wav 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Scintillation Error 12 nm 0.34 Scint index at 0.5um 0.96 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00

WFS Scintillation Error 10 nm Allocation 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

53 nm

Uncorrectable Static Telescope Aberrations 14 nm 64 Acts Across Pupil 0.94 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00Uncorrectable Dynamic Telescope Aberrations 0 nm Dekens Ph.D 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Static WFS Zero-point Calibration Error 25 nm Allocation 0.82 0.89 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99Dynamic WFS Zero-point Calibration Error 20 nm Allocation 0.88 0.93 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00Leaky Integrator Zero-point Calibration Error 15 nm Allocation 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00Stale Reconstructor Error 0 nm Allocation 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Go-to Control Errors 0 nm Allocation 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Residual Na Layer Focus Change 0 nm 30 m/s Na layer vel 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00DM Finite Stroke Errors 24 nm 5.2 um P-P stroke 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99DM Hysteresis 7 nm from TMT model 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00High-Order Aliasing Error 8 nm 63 Subaps 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00DM Drive Digitization 1 nm 16 bits 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Uncorrectable AO System Aberrations 20 nm Allocation 0.88 0.93 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00Uncorrectable Instrument Aberrations 37 nm PHARO 0.65 0.78 0.87 0.91 0.93 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.99DM-to-lenslet Misregistration 15 nm Allocation 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00DM-to-lenslet Pupil Scale Error 15 nm Allocation 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00

66 nmAngular Anisoplanatism Error 18 nm 1.0 arcsec 0.91 0.94 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00HO Wavefront Error Margin 35 nm Allocation 0.68 0.80 0.88 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99

Total High Order Wavefront Error 85 nm 91 nm 0.00 0.15 0.45 0.58 0.67 0.75 0.82 0.89 0.93

Sci FilterTilt Measurement Error (one-axis) 0.34 mas 3 nm 4.5 mag (mV) 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Tilt Bandwidth Error (one-axis) 1.02 mas 8 nm 57.1 Hz (-3db) 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Tilt Anisoplanatism Error (one-axis) 0.00 mas 0 nm 0.0 arcsec from sci 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Residual Centroid Anisoplanatism 0.00 mas 0 nm NGS x reduction 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Residual Atmospheric Dispersion H 0.10 mas 1 nm 20 x reduction 0.88 0.93 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Induced Plate Scale Deformations 0.57 mas 5 nm -1500 m conj height 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Non-Common-Path Tip-Tilt Errors 0.00 mas 0 nm 3.2 mas/hrAllocation 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Residual Telescope Pointing Jitter (one-axis) 1.05 mas 9 nm 3 Hz input disturbance 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

TT Error Margin 1.00 mas 8 nm Allocation 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Total Tip/Tilt Error (one-axis) 1.9 mas 17 nm 0.92 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00

Total Effective Wavefront Error 92 nm 0.00 0.14 0.44 0.57 0.67 0.74 0.81 0.88 0.93

14.5 19.0 25.0 30.3 35.8 41.8 50.7 66.2 89.1

Sci Filter 10 35 50 70 90 120 240 400 800 60Ensquared Energy H 0.02 0.18 0.32 0.55 0.70 0.83 0.90 0.91 0.94 0.50

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.16 0.51

Sky Coverage Galactic Latitude N/A deg

Corresponding Sky Coverage ###### This fraction of sky can be corrected to the Total Effective WFE shown

Assumptions / Parameters

Atmospheric / Observing Parameters System Parameters LO WFS MagnitudesZenith Angle 10 deg LGS Asterism Radius 0.00 arcmin u' g' r' i' Z Y J H Kr0 0.091 m LGS Power NGS W 5.5 4.8 3.8 3.0 2.7 2.3 1.8 0.7 -0.4theta0_eff 1.923 arcsec BTO Transmission 1.00Wind Speed 8.12 m/s HO WFS Transmission 0.28 Derived ValuesOuter Scale 75 m HO WFS Type SH using CCD50 HO WFS Rate 2000 HzSodium Abundance 3 x 109 cm-2 HO WFS Noise 10.6 e- rms Detected PDE/subap/exp 775

HO WFS Anti-aliasing YESAO Modes of Operation LO WFS Transmission 0.28

Science AO Mode: SCAO LO WFS Type NGS using CCD50 LO WFS Rate 2000 HzLOWFS AO Mode: 0.00 LO WFS Noise 10.6 e- rms Detected PDE/subap/exp 2906353

LO WFS Star Type: MNumber of WFS's for TT measurement Max TT Rejection Bandwidth 100 Hz

TT 0TTFA 0 Observation Parameters3x3 0 Max Exposure Time 2 secHOWFS 1

Seeing-Limited

Square

High Order Strehl

Tip/Tilt Strehl

Total Strehl (%)

FWHM (mas)

Parameter

Spaxel / Aperture Diameter (mas)

Error (rms)EquivalentWFE (rms)

Science Band

Strehl Ratio (%)

Strehl ratios (%)Science Tip/Tilt Errors

WavefrontError (rms)

Science High-order Errors (NGS Mode)

Angular

Parameter

PALM-3000

Error Budget ExampleV = 6.5 NGS

Median seeing and wind

60 deg zenith (r0 = 6.1 cm)

Includes:

44 nm RMS anisoplanatism (1.0 arcsec)

35 nm RMS margin

Total effective WFE = 145 nm RMS1-D TT error = 2.4 mas RMS

H-Strehl = 72%

Large (and unreliable) contribution from Dispersion Displacement Error

8

Palomar Wavefront Error Budget Summary Version 2.1

Mode: P3K NGS u' g' r' i' Z Y J H KInstrument: PHARO l (mm) 0.36 0.47 0.62 0.75 0.88 1.03 1.25 1.64 2.20Sci. Observation: Exo Jup NGS dl (mm) 0.06 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.12 0.12 0.16 0.29 0.34

l/D (mas) 14.4 18.9 24.9 30.3 35.7 41.8 50.6 66.2 89.1

Sci Filter

Atmospheric Fitting Error 53 nm 63 Subaps 0.41 0.60 0.74 0.82 0.87 0.90 0.93 0.96 0.98Bandwidth Error 62 nm 102 Hz (-3db) 0.30 0.50 0.67 0.76 0.82 0.87 0.91 0.94 0.97High-order Measurement Error 50 nm 6.5 mV 0.46 0.64 0.77 0.84 0.88 0.91 0.94 0.96 0.98LGS Tomography Error 0 nm 1 natural guide star 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Asterism Deformation Error 0 nm 0.50 m LLT 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Chromatic Error H 1 nm Upper limit 0.00 0.37 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Dispersion Displacement Error H 100 nm Estimate 0.00 0.01 0.48 0.80 0.92 0.97 0.99 1.00 1.00

Multispectral Error H 56 nm 60 zen; sci wav 0.63 0.97 0.99 0.95 0.93 0.93 0.94 0.96 0.97

Scintillation Error 41 nm 1.19 Scint index at 0.5um 0.59 0.74 0.84 0.89 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.98 0.99

WFS Scintillation Error 10 nm Allocation 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

155 nm

Uncorrectable Static Telescope Aberrations 14 nm 64 Acts Across Pupil 0.94 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00Uncorrectable Dynamic Telescope Aberrations 0 nm Dekens Ph.D 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Static WFS Zero-point Calibration Error 25 nm Allocation 0.82 0.89 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99Dynamic WFS Zero-point Calibration Error 20 nm Allocation 0.88 0.93 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00Leaky Integrator Zero-point Calibration Error 15 nm Allocation 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00Stale Reconstructor Error 0 nm Allocation 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Go-to Control Errors 0 nm Allocation 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Residual Na Layer Focus Change 0 nm 30 m/s Na layer vel 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00DM Finite Stroke Errors 24 nm 5.2 um P-P stroke 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99DM Hysteresis 7 nm from TMT model 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00High-Order Aliasing Error 12 nm 63 Subaps 0.96 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00DM Drive Digitization 1 nm 16 bits 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Uncorrectable AO System Aberrations 20 nm Allocation 0.88 0.93 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00Uncorrectable Instrument Aberrations 37 nm PHARO 0.65 0.78 0.87 0.91 0.93 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.99DM-to-lenslet Misregistration 15 nm Allocation 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00DM-to-lenslet Pupil Scale Error 15 nm Allocation 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00

66 nmAngular Anisoplanatism Error 44 nm 1.0 arcsec 0.55 0.71 0.82 0.87 0.91 0.93 0.95 0.97 0.98HO Wavefront Error Margin 35 nm Allocation 0.68 0.80 0.88 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99

Total High Order Wavefront Error 169 nm 149 nm 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.21 0.34 0.46 0.58 0.73 0.83

Sci FilterTilt Measurement Error (one-axis) 1.09 mas 9 nm 6.5 mag (mV) 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Tilt Bandwidth Error (one-axis) 0.81 mas 7 nm 50.4 Hz (-3db) 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Tilt Anisoplanatism Error (one-axis) 0.00 mas 0 nm 0.0 arcsec from sci 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Residual Centroid Anisoplanatism 0.00 mas 0 nm NGS x reduction 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Residual Atmospheric Dispersion H 1.02 mas 9 nm 20 x reduction 0.07 0.12 0.58 0.84 0.97 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00Induced Plate Scale Deformations 0.57 mas 5 nm -1500 m conj height 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Non-Common-Path Tip-Tilt Errors 0.00 mas 0 nm 3.2 mas/hrAllocation 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Residual Telescope Pointing Jitter (one-axis) 1.19 mas 10 nm 3 Hz input disturbance 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

TT Error Margin 1.00 mas 8 nm Allocation 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Total Tip/Tilt Error (one-axis) 2.4 mas 21 nm 0.88 0.93 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00

Total Effective Wavefront Error 149 nm 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.21 0.34 0.45 0.58 0.72 0.83

14.6 19.1 25.1 30.3 35.8 41.8 50.7 66.3 89.1

Sci Filter 10 35 50 70 90 120 240 400 800 70Ensquared Energy H 0.01 0.15 0.27 0.45 0.58 0.68 0.75 0.79 0.91 0.50

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.06 0.16 0.51

Sky Coverage Galactic Latitude N/A deg

Corresponding Sky Coverage ###### This fraction of sky can be corrected to the Total Effective WFE shown

Assumptions / Parameters

Atmospheric / Observing Parameters System Parameters LO WFS MagnitudesZenith Angle 60 deg LGS Asterism Radius 0.00 arcmin u' g' r' i' Z Y J H Kr0 0.061 m LGS Power NGS W 7.5 6.8 5.8 5.0 4.7 4.3 3.8 2.7 1.6theta0_eff 0.650 arcsec BTO Transmission 1.00Wind Speed 16.00 m/s HO WFS Transmission 0.25 Derived ValuesOuter Scale 75 m HO WFS Type SH using CCD50 HO WFS Rate 1523 HzSodium Abundance 3 x 109 cm-2 HO WFS Noise 8.8 e- rms Detected PDE/subap/exp 139

HO WFS Anti-aliasing YESAO Modes of Operation LO WFS Transmission 0.25

Science AO Mode: SCAO LO WFS Type NGS using CCD50 LO WFS Rate 1523 HzLOWFS AO Mode: 0.00 LO WFS Noise 8.8 e- rms Detected PDE/subap/exp 522850

LO WFS Star Type: MNumber of WFS's for TT measurement Max TT Rejection Bandwidth 100 Hz

TT 0TTFA 0 Observation Parameters3x3 0 Max Exposure Time 2 secHOWFS 1

Seeing-Limited

Square

High Order Strehl

Tip/Tilt Strehl

Total Strehl (%)

FWHM (mas)

Parameter

Spaxel / Aperture Diameter (mas)

Error (rms)EquivalentWFE (rms)

Science Band

Strehl Ratio (%)

Strehl ratios (%)Science Tip/Tilt Errors

WavefrontError (rms)

Science High-order Errors (NGS Mode)

Angular

Parameter

PALM-3000

Error Budget ExampleV = 16.5 NGS

Median seeing and wind

20 deg zenith (r0 = 8.9 cm)

Includes:

181 nm RMS anisoplanatism (15 arcsec)

35 nm RMS margin

Total effective WFE = 465 nm RMS1-D TT error = 33 mas RMS

K-Strehl = 17%

~2% sky fraction at b = 30

(Same performance achieved for r0 = 15 cm

V = 17.5 NGS located 30 arcsec off-axis

~6% sky fraction at b = 30)

9

Palomar Wavefront Error Budget Summary Version 2.1

Mode: P3K NGS u' g' r' i' Z Y J H KInstrument: PHARO l (mm) 0.36 0.47 0.62 0.75 0.88 1.03 1.25 1.64 2.20Sci. Observation: Faint NGS dl (mm) 0.06 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.12 0.12 0.16 0.29 0.34

l/D (mas) 14.4 18.9 24.9 30.3 35.7 41.8 50.6 66.2 89.1

Sci Filter

Atmospheric Fitting Error 218 nm 8 Subaps 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.09 0.17 0.30 0.50 0.68Bandwidth Error 202 nm 9 Hz (-3db) 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.13 0.22 0.36 0.55 0.72High-order Measurement Error 154 nm 16.5 mV 0.00 0.01 0.08 0.19 0.30 0.41 0.55 0.70 0.82LGS Tomography Error 0 nm 1 natural guide star 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Asterism Deformation Error 0 nm 0.50 m LLT 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Chromatic Error K 0 nm Upper limit 0.00 0.68 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Dispersion Displacement Error K 12 nm Estimate 0.68 0.94 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Multispectral Error K 23 nm 20 zen; sci wav 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Scintillation Error 13 nm 0.38 Scint index at 0.5um 0.95 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00

WFS Scintillation Error 10 nm Allocation 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

336 nm

Uncorrectable Static Telescope Aberrations 14 nm 64 Acts Across Pupil 0.94 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00Uncorrectable Dynamic Telescope Aberrations 1 nm Dekens Ph.D 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Static WFS Zero-point Calibration Error 25 nm Allocation 0.82 0.89 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99Dynamic WFS Zero-point Calibration Error 20 nm Allocation 0.88 0.93 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00Leaky Integrator Zero-point Calibration Error 15 nm Allocation 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00Stale Reconstructor Error 0 nm Allocation 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Go-to Control Errors 0 nm Allocation 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Residual Na Layer Focus Change 0 nm 30 m/s Na layer vel 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00DM Finite Stroke Errors 19 nm 5.2 um P-P stroke 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99 0.99DM Hysteresis 7 nm from TMT model 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00High-Order Aliasing Error 48 nm 8 Subaps 0.49 0.66 0.79 0.85 0.89 0.92 0.94 0.97 0.98DM Drive Digitization 1 nm 16 bits 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Uncorrectable AO System Aberrations 20 nm Allocation 0.88 0.93 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00Uncorrectable Instrument Aberrations 49 nm PHARO 0.47 0.65 0.78 0.84 0.88 0.91 0.94 0.97 0.98DM-to-lenslet Misregistration 15 nm Allocation 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00DM-to-lenslet Pupil Scale Error 15 nm Allocation 0.93 0.96 0.98 0.98 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00

86 nmAngular Anisoplanatism Error 181 nm 15.0 arcsec 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.10 0.19 0.30 0.44 0.62 0.77HO Wavefront Error Margin 35 nm Allocation 0.68 0.80 0.88 0.92 0.94 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99

Total High Order Wavefront Error 347 nm 395 nm 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.10 0.29

Sci FilterTilt Measurement Error (one-axis) 30.46 mas 223 nm 16.5 mag (mV) 0.05 0.08 0.14 0.19 0.24 0.30 0.39 0.52 0.67Tilt Bandwidth Error (one-axis) 6.86 mas 56 nm 8.2 Hz (-3db) 0.51 0.64 0.75 0.82 0.86 0.90 0.93 0.96 0.98Tilt Anisoplanatism Error (one-axis) 0.00 mas 0 nm 0.0 arcsec from sci 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Residual Centroid Anisoplanatism 0.00 mas 0 nm NGS x reduction 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Residual Atmospheric Dispersion K 0.10 mas 1 nm 20 x reduction 0.63 0.75 0.97 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00Induced Plate Scale Deformations 8.52 mas 69 nm -1500 m conj height 0.40 0.53 0.67 0.75 0.80 0.85 0.89 0.93 0.96Non-Common-Path Tip-Tilt Errors 0.03 mas 0 nm 3.2 mas/hrAllocation 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Residual Telescope Pointing Jitter (one-axis) 4.00 mas 33 nm 3 Hz input disturbance 0.75 0.84 0.90 0.93 0.95 0.96 0.97 0.98 0.99

TT Error Margin 1.00 mas 8 nm Allocation 0.98 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

Total Tip/Tilt Error (one-axis) 32.6 mas 250 nm 0.04 0.06 0.11 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.33 0.46 0.60

Total Effective Wavefront Error 465 nm 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.05 0.17

35.7 37.7 41.1 44.5 48.4 53.0 60.2 73.8 94.9

Sci Filter 10 35 50 70 90 120 240 400 800 560Ensquared Energy K 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.12 0.18 0.32 0.41 0.64 0.50

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.07 0.18 0.55

Sky Coverage Galactic Latitude N/A deg

Corresponding Sky Coverage ###### This fraction of sky can be corrected to the Total Effective WFE shown

Assumptions / Parameters

Atmospheric / Observing Parameters System Parameters LO WFS MagnitudesZenith Angle 20 deg LGS Asterism Radius 0.00 arcmin u' g' r' i' Z Y J H Kr0 0.089 m LGS Power NGS W 18.0 17.5 15.3 13.2 13.4 13.6 14.0 13.3 13.1theta0_eff 1.784 arcsec BTO Transmission 1.00Wind Speed 8.51 m/s HO WFS Transmission 0.28 Derived ValuesOuter Scale 75 m HO WFS Type SH using CCD50 HO WFS Rate 135 HzSodium Abundance 3 x 109 cm-2 HO WFS Noise 3.5 e- rms Detected PDE/subap/exp 47

HO WFS Anti-aliasing YESAO Modes of Operation LO WFS Transmission 0.28

Science AO Mode: SCAO LO WFS Type NGS using CCD50 LO WFS Rate 135 HzLOWFS AO Mode: 0.00 LO WFS Noise 3.5 e- rms Detected PDE/subap/exp 2209

LO WFS Star Type: KNumber of WFS's for TT measurement Max TT Rejection Bandwidth 100 Hz

TT 0TTFA 0 Observation Parameters3x3 0 Max Exposure Time 30 secHOWFS 1

Seeing-Limited

Square

High Order Strehl

Tip/Tilt Strehl

Total Strehl (%)

FWHM (mas)

Parameter

Spaxel / Aperture Diameter (mas)

Error (rms)EquivalentWFE (rms)

Science Band

Strehl Ratio (%)

Strehl ratios (%)Science Tip/Tilt Errors

WavefrontError (rms)

Science High-order Errors (NGS Mode)

Angular

Parameter

PALM-3000Well-Corrected Subaperture (WCS)

Pathfinder Experiment (Serabyn, et al.)

• Use of an off-axis subaperture with 8cm projected actuator spacing to validate PALM-3000 performance on bright NGS

From telescope

AO system

F

f2f1

Cassegrainfocus P2:

DM

P1

AOfocus

P1 f1/f2 P2

From telescope

AO system

F

f2f1

Cassegrainfocus P2:

DM

P1

AOfocus

P1 f1/f2 P2P1 f1/f2 P2

WCS

AO stimulus

PALM-3000

WCS experiment confirms PALM-3000 performance predictions

B-band (400-450 nm)Strehl ratio 0.10 – 0.12l/D (B) = 59 mas

SAO 37735V = 5.1, 6.3Sep = 0.34”

(G. Serabyn)

K-band Strehl ratio 0.92-0.94 RMS WFE 85 -100 nm Strehl stability: ~1% RMS

PALM-3000Requirements

• Science requirements• Instrument requirements• Subsystem requirements

– Software– Stimulus– HOWFS– Electronics– Optical Bench– Real-time Processor

12

PALM-3000

13

Error Budgets

• Wavefront Error

• Transmission & Emissivity

– Model of trans./emissivity with degraded coatings eg. after 1 year

• Flexure

– Allocations to opticalbench, opticsmounts, HWFS

• Acquisition Time

– Dominated by hardware, drives software automations & GUI design

• System Downtime

– Allocations to software and hardware failures

PALM-3000

14

Operations Concepts

• We have developed an Observing Scenarios Document, which covers– Lab procedures (alignment, calibration)– Observing procedures (acquisition, dithering)– Project 1640 survey observing

• Effectively provided detailed requirements flowdown from Science to Software

• Used as starting point for lab I&T test plans

PALM-3000Servo Control Design

Flexible control of 2 DMs in a woofer-tweeter arrangement:

1.Direct control of HODM with offload to LODM

2.Modal splitting between DMs

Use leaky integrator & regularized reconstructors to control blind modes

Calibration WFS updates HOWFS centroid offsets every ~60s

PALM-3000

16

Camera & Servo Modes

• Currently operating the testbed in camera mode 0, servo mode 3

• Developing reconstructors for servo modes 0, 1, and 4

PALM-3000

Systems Engineering tasksin I&T phase

• Verify requirements compliance (IRD)

• Complete the development of reconstructors for woofer-tweeter control

• Develop test plans for system-level performance validation (eg. Plant function measurement)

– Revisions of 1999/2003/2005 upgrade test plans

17

PALM-3000

Backup Slides

18

PALM-3000HOWFS Subaperture Alignment

63 63 32 32 16 16 8 8

• In the 63x63 subaperture mode the pupil alignment preserve Fried geometry. In the other modes, we will use use modal control.