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PALM OIL
IN OLEOCHEMICAL
APPLICATION
Mun Yhung JungProfessor,
College of Food Science, Woosuk University
Jeonbuk, Korea
Oleochemicals are chemicals
derived from fats and oils.
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Palm Oil and Palm Kernel Oil
Palm Oil rich
in C16 and C18
Palm Kernel Oil
rich in C12 and C14
Products containing palm oil or
palm kernel oil based oleochemicals
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Fatty Acids
Sodium Salt of Fatty Acids
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
Fatty Alcohols
Glycerols
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Basic Oleochemicals
Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylates (FAE)
Fatty Alcohol Sulfates (FAS)
Fatty Alcohol Ether Sulfates (FAES)
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Sulfonate (FMES)
Monoacylglycerols, Diacylglycerols,
Structured Triacylglycerols
Sugar Esters
Wax Esters
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Derived Oleochemicals
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Fatty Acids
PVC
Tire
Rubber
Personal care products
Cosmetics
Hydrolysis from natural fats and oils
C
O
OH
Sodium Salt of Fatty Acids
Saponification of triglycerides
Neutralization of fatty acids
Saponification of fatty acid methylesters
3 Processes to produce soap noodles
C
O
ONa
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Fatty Alcohols
Cosmetics
Personal Care Products
Obtained by hydrogenation in the presence of
catalyst
C OH
Glycerol
Byproduct for biodiesel production
A simple polyol compound.
Colorless, odorless, viscous liquid
Sweet-tasting
Low toxicity
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Pharmaceuticals
Personal Care (toothpaste, cosmetic, etc)
Foods
Paints
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Glycerol
Bio Diesel
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Fatty Acid Methyl Ester
C
O
OCH3
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Bio Diesel Production
Catalyst
Methanol
Neutralizing
Acid
Palm Oil
Catalyst
Mixing
Trans-
esterification
Neutralization
Phase
Separation
Crude
Bio dieselPurification
Methanol
Recovery
Methanol
Recovery
Purification
Methyl
Ester
Pharmaceutical
Glycerin
Crude
Glycerin
Methanol
Recycled
100 % bio diesel
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Bio Diesel
BD100
BD20
20% bio diesel + 80% diesel
5% bio diesel + 95% diesel
BD5
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0.5%
20132007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
1.0% 1.5% 2.0% 2.5% Eventually 5.0%3.0%
Bio Diesel Supply Plan
BD %
Year
자료 : 지식경제부
Bio Diesel Market in Korea (Unit:KL)
자료 : 바이오디젤협회, 한신정평가 재가공
600,000
1,588 3,719 6,835 15,022
49,530
90,200
195,438
300,000
400,000
500,000
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
BD5 BD20
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
한국석유관리원 김대곤박사 (2010.11)
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Rapeseed oil,1.47%
Used oil,33.09%
Palm oil43.11%
Soybean oil18.42%
others,3.91%
한국석유관리원 김대곤박사 (2010.11)
Sources for Bio Diesel Production in Korea
Scource : Toyota
H2O, CO2, CH4, etc.
Hydrocracking
Hydro-treated
Biodiesel (HBD)
Hydrogen
Biomass
(Vegetable oils)
Raw materials Process Product
HBD (2nd Generation of Biodiesel)
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REACTION MECHANISM FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HBD
R₂=
O O
OO=R₁
O
O
R₃=
R₂
O O
OOR₁
O
O
R₃
H₂H₂
Vegetable Oil
(Triglycerides) Hydrogenated Triglycerides
Diglycerides
Monoglycerides
Acids
Waxes
Cracking lighter alkanes
Hydrogenation/
Dehydration Propane
Propane
n-C18n-C16
iso-C15n-C15
n-C17
Isomerization
Isomerization
iso-C17
CO₂
CO
H₂ H2Oiso-C18
iso-C16
1ST AND 2ND GENERATION BIODIESELS
1st Generation 2nd Generation
Biodiesel(FAME)Hydrotreated
Biodiesel (HBD)
Process route Trans-esterificationHydro Conversion in refinery
hydrotreaters
Feed Vegetable oils Vegetable oils
Product chemical
type
Fatty acid methyl
ester
Mainly paraffinic hydrocarbons
in diesel boiling range
Product qualityConsistency and
stability issuesHigh
CO2 emission1.6-2.3
(kg CO2/kg oil equivalent)
0.5 – 1.5
(kg CO2/kg oil equivalent)
Fossil diesel value reported as 3.8kg CO2/ kg oil equivalentSource : NNFCC, UK
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SURFACTANTS
Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylates (FAE)
Fatty Alcohol Sulfates (FAS)
Fatty Alcohol Ether Sulfates (FAES)
(also called Fatty alcohol ethoxyl sulfate)
Fatty Methyl Ester Sulfonate (FMES)
Monoglycerides (MG)
Diglycerides (DG)
Fatty Acid Sugar Esters
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R O (CH2-CH2-O) S
O
O
O
nR C
H
H
O S
O
O
O
Fatty Alcohol Sulfates (FAS)Fatty Alcohol Ether Sulfates (FAES)
R O (CH2-CH2-O)nH
Fatty Alcohol Ethoxylates (FAE)
R
S
CH2 C O CH3
O
OO
O -
Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES)
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Palm oil
Palm Kernel Oil
Distilled FAME
Crude FAME
Fatty Alcohol
Fatty Alcohol
Sulfates
Fatty Alcohol
Ethoxylate
Fatty Alcohol
Ether Sulfates
methylation
distillation
hydrogenation
ethoxylationsulfonation
sulfonation
Extraction
Surfactants
Wax Esters
Jojoba oil
Sperm whale oil
Natural Source of Wax Esters
Palm Oil Based Synthetic Wax Esters
Alcohlysis of palm triglyceride with oleyl
alcohol
Ingredients for personal care products due to
their excellent emollient behavior
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Thank you for your attention
