Pancho Villa handout:** Read the handout and answer the questions below

• (1) Why does President Wilson initially support Pancho Villa?

• (2) What changed the perception of Villa in the eyes of the U.S. government, and what was the response towards him?

All of the following were reasons or causes as to why the U.S. became an Imperialist

power

– To increase American military & naval strength

– To extend American culture around this world

– To establish new markets for American goods

– To establish America’s status as the world’s most powerful nation

Not

United States Imperialism in Latin America

Mexican Revolution (1910 – 1920)

- Porfirio Diaz ruled as the Mexican dictator - Foreign companies dominate Mexico’s economy, most Mexicans remain landless and poor.

- President Francisco Madero is elected in 1911, deposed in 1913, and then murdered.

- Former general, Victoriano Huerta, becomes dictator.

Emiliano Zapata

- Socio-Economic Class Revolution

Mexican Revolution (1910 – 1920) (continued) …

- Emiliano Zapata and Pancho Villa lead revolutions in the countryside

- 1917, Mexico has a new constitution (very revolutionary) … ** U.S. Actions during the Revolution- 1913, military coup d'état – U.S. ambassador to Mexico involved in conspiracy

- 1914, bombing Veracruz – President Wilson authorizes U.S. Navy to use artillery shells against Mexican port of Veracruz - 1916, sending forces into Mexico – President Wilson sends American forces into Mexico after Pancho Villa

Pancho Villa

Complexity of Race Painting “Redemption of Ham” (1895) by Modesto Brocos y Gomez

- African

- Mulatto (a)

- Mestizo (a)

- Peninsular

Movie clip featuring Antonio Banderas as Pancho Villa at the Battle of Torreon

–Battle of Torreon (1913)

• What do you notice about the depiction of Pancho Villa during the battle and at the end of the clip?

Jim Crow Laws and Segregation

• 1883 – (Domestic) Supreme Court Decision states that state governments cannot treat unequally but private businesses can.

• 1887 – (International) “Bayonet Constitution” restricts voting rights of native Hawaiians

• 1898 – (International) U.S. decision to annex the Philippines, because they are “unfit for self-rule”

- Why this decision?

• Supreme Court Decision - Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

• “Equal but separate accommodations”

WHO were the “Progressives?”

WHY? Address the problems arising from:– Industrialization • Government needs to regulate Big Business, preventing

“Laissez-faire” economics–Urbanization • Growth of industry leads to larger percentage of

Americans living in cities, which leads to urban problems

– Inequality & social injustice

1920s1890s 1901 1917

“Progressive Reform Era”

Progressivism

WHAT are their goals?• Democracy • Regulation of corporations & monopolies• Social justice • Environmental protection

• Apply lessons learned in the business industry to better organize society

Taylorism – scientific management

Origins of Progressivism• “Muckrakers”• Jacob Riis – How the Other Half Lives (1890)• Ida Tarbell – “The History of the Standard Oil Co.” (1902)• Lincoln Steffens – The Shame of the Cities (1904)

Ida Tarbell Lincoln Steffens

STATE POLITICAL REFORM

• direct primary

• Seventeenth Amendment (1913) – direct election of Senators

• Initiative

• Referendum

• Recall Robert M. LaFollette, Wisconsin Governor 1900-06

Theodore Roosevelt: the “accidental President”

Republican (1901-1909)

• The “Bully Pulpit”

• “Square Deal”– 1902 Coal Strike &

arbitration

• Railroad regulation– Strengthen the Interstate

Commerce Commission

• Regulating Food and Drugs

Why the reform?

- Selections from The Jungle

– "They use everything about the hog except the squeal."

– “These rats were nuisances, and the packers would put poisoned bread out for them; they would die, and then rats, bread, and meat would go into the hoppers together.”

– “[The] old sausage that had been rejected, and that was moldy and white – it would be dosed with borax and glycerine, and dumped, and made over again for home consumption.”

Theodore Roosevelt:

• Regulating Food and Drugs

– 1906 Meat Inspection Act

– 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act