Panel Pervasive Communications: All the Time, Everywhere

PanelPervasive Communications:

All the Time, Everywhere

Panel Pervasive Communications: All the Time, Everywhere

Rene L. Cruz UCSD Networking

Joseph A. Bannister ISI and USC Networking

Daniel J. Blumenthal UCSB Optical Networking

Pamela Cosman UCSD Speech, Image, Audio and Video Coding

Babak Daneshrad UCLA MIMO Wireless

Urbashi Mitra USC Wireless

Jeyhan Karaoguz Broadcom Wireless

Avneesh Agrawal Qualcomm Cellular Wireless

Al Servati Conexant Digital Home

State and Future of Networking

Rene L. Cruz

Professor

UC San Diego

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering

Important Factors

• reliance on information networks is increasing

• performance requirements of access networks are increasing: access is bottleneck (cost)

• low cost, energy efficient wireless link technology (short,medium, and long range)

• expansion of un-licensed frequency spectrum

• “willingness to pay” is very limited

Opportunities and Challenges in Networking

• Access Networks: Cost

• Reliability and Performance are Important- Robustness to failures and security breaches

• Automated Network Control- Carriers- Ad-hoc networks

• Cooperation in a Competitive Environment- bit pipe provider versus “service” provider

- peer to peer networking

The Future of Networking

Joseph BannisterUniversity of Southern CaliforniaInformation Sciences Institute23 May 2005

Joseph A. BannisterDivision Director ISI Computer Networks DivisionAssistant Director ChevronTexaco CiSoftResearch Associate Professor EE-Systems

Four of Networking’s Main Challenges

Quality of ServiceMulticastOperationsMobility

Quality of Service

Unfulfilled promise of packet switched data networking

Nearly 30 years of research and development• Reservations, queueing, congestion

management• ATM, BISDN, RSVP, IntServ, DiffServ, GMPLS

Issues: QoS in an expanding infrastructure, extreme link heterogeneity, flexibly designed applications

Multicast

Essential for true broadcast Lots of Internet work

• IETF, PIM, IGMP

Currently superseded by peer-to-peer streaming or downloaded content

Do customers prefer broadcast or on-demand content?

Other uses of multicast: management, coordination, time distribution• Anycast in DNS

Operations

Includes security, dependability, network management

Harvest the advances of AI Critical need as networks grow – sys admin

gap

Time

Co

mp

lexi

ty

Po

pula

tion

Network complexityis growing rapidly

1980–2002 Internet annual growth rate was 100%

Number of sysadmins is growing moderately

1980–2002 sci & eng workforce annual growth rate was 5%

Mobility

Ubiquitous connectivityWireless or wired networksMobile IP not really a success storyCellular mobility is a success story

• Voice

• Data

• Video – next hurdle

IV. Pervasive Communications: All the Time, Everywhere “Optical

Networking”

Daniel J. Blumenthal

University of California

Santa Barbara, CA

[email protected]

California: Prosperity Through Technology 2005 Industry Research Symposium May 23 & 24, 2005

Power and Size Matters

101

103

105

107

109

1011

1013

1015

1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010

Mea

n pe

rfor

man

ce [fl

ops]

Introduction year

Intel 8080Eniac

Cray 1

Cray 2Cray X-MP

CDC6600

IBM 704

Intel Paragorn

NEC earth simulatorIBM ASCI white

Intel 80286

Intel 80486 MotorolaPowerPC 604

Intel DualPIII

IntelP4

AMDXP

Optiputer

Mea

n Pe

rfor

man

ce

http://www.dell.com/us/en/gen/topics/segtopic_dimen.htm

Fiber/Microprocessor Bandwidth Bottlenecks

Fiber Capacity Increase Outstrips Electronic Switching Capacity Increase

Microprocessors will Dissipate Increasing Power with Today’s Technology

IP Traffic will Continue to Drive Capacity Growth

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 20001

10

10

10 3

10

10 5

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4

2001 2002

8 x 2

2003

TDM

WDM

Ag

gre

ga

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ink

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pa

city

(G

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Per Fiber Capacity Continues to Increase

“Gre

enfi

eld

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ical

Sw

itch

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rans

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wor

ks:

A C

ost A

naly

sis,

” C

.R. L

ima,

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and

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1.

Today’s Infrastructure: The Electronics/Optics Boundary

• Current infrastructure depends heavily on electronics and optics, where the former has strength in processing and the later in transmission

WDMMux/Demux

EO/OETDM Muxes/DeMuxes WDM FiberAccess Switch/Router

OpticalElectrical

RouterRouter

RouterRouter

Recent Progress in Optical Networking• Has increased the functionality and role of optics in the routing and switching at the wavelength

circuit level

Transmission

WDM/Fiber Grooming

WDM Fiber

Optical Switch

ROADM

TDM Switch/Router

OE Tunable EO

TD

M M

ultip

lexi

ng

WD

MM

ux/D

emuxW

DM

Mux

/D

emux

WD

MM

ux/

Dem

ux WD

MM

ux/D

emux

TDM Switch/Router

OE Tunable EO

TD

M M

ultip

lexi

ng

Transmission

WDM/Fiber Grooming

Optical

Electrical

DARPA Supported Optical Network Related Programs at UCSB

CSWDM: 4 Year, 3.5MIntegrated Optical Wavelength Converters and Routers for Robust Wavelength-

Agile Analog/ Digital Optical Networks

DoD-N: 4 Year 15.8MLASOR: A Label Switched Optical Router

M. Masanovic, V. Lal, J. Summers, H. -F Chou, E. Skogen, J. S. Barton M. Sysak, D. J. Blumenthal, J. E. Bowers, L. A. Coldren, N. Dagli, E. Hu

UCSB: M. Masanovic, V. Lal, J. Summers, H. Poulsen, D. Wolfson, Z. Hu, E. Burmeister, S. Bjorlin, H. Park, J. Chen, A. Tauke-Pedretti, M. Dummer, J. Barton, L. Johansson, M. Davanco, B. Koch, R. Rajaduray, R. Doshi, W. Zhao, D. J. Blumenthal, J. E. Bowers, L. A. Coldren, E. Hu

Agility Communications: C. Coldren, G. Fish

Calient Networks: O. Jerphagnon, R. Helkey, S. Yuan

Cisco Systems: G. Epps, D. Civello, P. Donner

JDS Uniphase: D. Al-Salameh

Stanford University: Y. Ganjali, N. McKeown, T. Roughgarden, A. Goel

ISP 100Tbps RouterISP 100Tbps Router

WDM

R-OBOS

Optical Data Router (ODR)

Local line or packet Add/Drop to Electrical Routers or services

Fiber 1

Fiber N

1, 2 É M

Optical Router Node (ORN)

2Tbps linecard - 1

2Tbps linecard - 50

WDM

R-OBOS

Optical Data Router (ODR)

Local line or packet Add/Drop to Electrical Routers or services

Fiber 1

Fiber N

1, 2 É M

Optical Router Node (ORN)

2Tbps linecard - 12Tbps linecard - 12Tbps linecard - 1

2Tbps linecard - 502Tbps linecard - 502Tbps linecard - 50

1.28/2.56 Tbps Linecard1.28/2.56 Tbps Linecard

Today’s Technology

32/64 40G Inputs

32/64 40G Outputs

ORAM

OH Read

ERP

Line WC/

Regen

LASOR Research Vision

Routing Protocols for Networks with Small

Optical Buffers

Routing Protocols for Networks with Small

Optical Buffers

Integrated Photonic Packet Forwarding

Engines

Integrated Photonic Packet Forwarding

Engines

Integrated Optical Random Access

Memory

Integrated Optical Random Access

Memory

40G Optically Labeled Packets40G Optically

Labeled Packets

Fast Tunable Regenerative All-

Optical Wavelength Converters

Fast Tunable Regenerative All-

Optical Wavelength Converters

Reconfigurable Optical Backplane

Reconfigurable Optical Backplane

Integrated Photonic Optical

Header Read-Erase

Integrated Photonic Optical

Header Read-Erase

Dense Photonic Integration

Dense Photonic Integration

Optical Packet

Forwarding Engine

The integration of optics and electronics at the level of LSI electronics is essential for the long term growth, strategic planning and cost reduction path

required for the future of optical networks.

Integration

Microelectronics ComputingDiscrete 1950s

IC 1960s LSI 1970s

VLSI 1980s ULSI 1990s-2000s

GSI ???

Microelectronics ComputingDiscrete 1950s

IC 1960s LSI 1970s

VLSI 1980s ULSI 1990s-2000s

GSI ???

Optics + Electronics High Speed Networks

Discrete 1970s-1980sAnalog PIC 1980s-1990s

Hybrid IC 2000sLSI ???

Optics + Electronics High Speed Networks

Discrete 1970s-1980sAnalog PIC 1980s-1990s

Hybrid IC 2000sLSI ???

RF + Electronics MobileDiscrete 1970s-1980sHybrid 1980s-1990s

Hybrid IC 1990sSilicon 2000s

RF + Electronics MobileDiscrete 1970s-1980sHybrid 1980s-1990s

Hybrid IC 1990sSilicon 2000s

InP Monolithic Photonic IntegrationHybrid 10 Gbps OQW

Mach-Zehnder Modulator WCTunable Laser Mach-Zehnder

Modulator Transmitterout

in

out

10 Gbps Tunable All-Optical Wavelength

Converter

10 Gbps Tunable All-Optical Wavelength

Converter + Optical Filter

40Gbps Folded Tunable All-Optical Wavelength Converter

in

outin

in

out

in

outin

Masanovic, Barton, Sysak, Lal, Summers, Dummer, Raring, Skogen, Blumenthal, Bowers, Coldren

UCSB (DoDN)

UCSB (CSWDM)

UCSB (CSWDM)

UCSB (CSWDM)

UCSB (CSWDM)

Impact of Optics on Network Architectures

Core

Metro

Enterprise/LAN

•Transmission•Switching and Routing

•Regeneration•Wavelength Conversion

•Transmission

•Add/Drop Multiplexing

•Grooming

•Regeneration

•Wavelength Conversion

Access

•Regeneration

•Add/Drop Multiplexing

•Wavelength Conversion

Switching and Routing

Speech, Audio, Image, and Video Coding

Professor, Electrical and Computer Engineering, UCSD

Co-Director, Center for Wireless Communications, UCSD

Pamela Cosman

Progress of Speech & Audio Coding

Extending current systems to handle wideband speech at about 8kbps rate

Music, general audio Robustness to delay,

packet loss Very low rate coding

(100’s of bps) Fusion of speech

compression and speech recognition

Research Focuses:

Graph from:

Images: JPEG vs. JPEG2000

25-35% reduction in file size compared to JPEG

Lossless JPEG2000 has big improvement

Application areas: Medical images (incl. 3D) Scientific images / space Archiving (digital libraries) High-quality digital video

editing, digital cinema (Motion-JPEG2000 can outperform MPEG-4)

Slow uptake because Legacy JPEG material Does 25-35% improvement

warrant widespread replacement?

At high rates, JPEG & JPEG2000 have similar performance → digital cameras can do without

Abundance of bandwidth: 2Mbps download, 130k or 100k image doesn’t matter

“Submarine” patents

Progress of Video Compression

Bit Rate

PSNR(dB)

Coder MPEG-4 ASP

H.263 HLP

MPEG-2

H.264 AVC

39% 49% 64%

MPEG-4 ASP

- 17% 43%

H.263 HLP

- - 31%

Bit rate savings over MPEG2

New Technologies & Applications

Applications Searching & Indexing,

Content-based retrieval, Games, Augmented Reality

Compression for sensor and surveillance networks (infrastructure monitoring, traffic conditions, security…)

Seamless mobility over heterogeneous networks

Disaster response

New Technologies Object-based coding: fusion of

compression & computer vision

Network Coding Joint audio/video coding:

exploit correlation More realistic motion models Scalable video & image: adapt

to different formats & channels

for both images and video…

MPEG4 vs. Scalable Video Coding

Features: spatial scalability, temporal scalability, SNR scalability, complexity scalability, …

EncoderEncoder Encoder Encoder

Low quality Small size High quality

Bit-streamBit-stream Bit-stream Bit-stream

Pre-decoder

Bit-stream

Bit-stream

Bit-stream

• Single-encoding / multi-decoding

• Very fast pre-decoder

• Only one bit-stream in server

Wireless Integrated Systems Lab.

Multi Antenna (MIMO) ProcessingMulti Antenna (MIMO) Processingand the Second Wireless Revolutionand the Second Wireless Revolution

Babak Daneshrad

[email protected]

University of California, Los Angeles


The TrendThe Trend

• Progress in wireless communications requires support for progressively higher data rates under progressively higher levels of mobility.

• To achieve this, systems must exploit space, the last frontier in the signaling space !

• Three forms of spatial (antenna) processing

– Phased array beamforming• Used in cellular base stations

– Diversity processing• Used in WLAN access points

– MIMO• Emerging WLAN 802.11n standard

• Emerging 802.16e standard


Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) Wireless Comms.Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) Wireless Comms.

MODULATOR

MODULATOR

MODULATOR

MIMOReceiver

MIMOReceiver

x(t)

y(t)

z(t)

r1(t) = a11x(t)+a12y(t)+a13z(t)

r3(t) = a31x(t)+a32y(t)+a33z(t)

x(n)

y(n)

z(n)

x(n)

y(n)

z(n)

• Different data sent on different transmit antennas• All transmissions occur at the same time and in the same frequency band

• The signal from each transmitter is received at ALL receive antennas (this is not interference)

• Channel impulse response is a matrix

– NxM matrix; where N is the number of TX and M is the number of RX antennas; N>M


Theoretical MIMO CapacityTheoretical MIMO Capacity

10x to 20x capacity increase with same total TX power 23 dB (200x) reduction in the required power when bandwidth efficiency is

kept constant

MIMO Config.

95 % Capacity at 20 dB SNR

Required SNR to achieve capacity

of 1 bit/sec/Hz

1x1 2.6 bits/sec/Hz 12.8 dB

2x2 8.0 bits/sec/Hz 1.2 dB

4x4 19.0 bits/sec/Hz -4.9 dB

8x8 40.8 bits/sec/Hz -9.3 dB

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

Number of receive antennas

Cap

acit

y (b

ps/

Hz)

MIMO SystemNo. TX Ant =No. RX Ant

Smart antenna array(number of transmitantenna fixed at 1)

Traditionnal 1x1SISO system

does not improve withmore antennas

95% Outage Capacity


2x2 MIMO vs. 802.11a & 802.11b2x2 MIMO vs. 802.11a & 802.11b

Effective User throughput (Mbps)

Distance between TX and RX (feet)

2x2 MIMO with 10mW TX power

802.11a with 45 mW TX power (source Atheros)

802.11b (source Atheros)

10’ 85 Mbps 54 Mbps 11 Mbps






MIMO EconomicsMIMO Economics

• Spectrum is expensive in licensed bands

• Spectrum is scarce in unlicensed bands

• MIMO techniques increase data throughput without increasing bandwidth

• Signal is expanded in space

– Systems can operate at lower carrier frequencies• No need for exotic & expensive semiconductor technologies

• Better signal penetration through walls and around corners

– Expense: more sophisticated signal processing


Multi Antenna Processing’s Here to StayMulti Antenna Processing’s Here to Stay

• By 2010 nearly all wireless standards will have elements of MIMO in them

• 802.11n (next generation WLAN) will standardize on MIMO

– MIMO enables: video distribution, Gbps enterprise networking

– Ratification expected in 1H 2006• 802.16e (mobile flavor of WiMax) has optional MIMO modes

– MIMO enables: building penetration, range extension

– Ratification expected in 2006• 4G cellular systems looking to incorporate MIMO modes

– MIMO enables: broadband in limited cellular bands

– Ratification ?• Other wireless systems will deploy some form of multi antenna

processing

35

Wireless Research for the Future

Urbashi MitraProfessor

Co-Director, Communication Sciences InstituteDepartment of Electrical Engineering

University of Southern [email protected]

http://ceng.usc.edu/~ubli/ubli.html

California: Prosperity through Technology2005 Industry Research Symposium

mailto:[email protected]

http://ceng.usc.edu/~ubli/ubli.html

36

The Need for SYNERGY

open systems interconnect (OSI) stack

modified from InetDaemon.com

“The network IS the channel” –

A. Sabharwal, Rice University

cross-layer designs(again!)

wireless sensor networks

37

A New (?) SYNERGY

Hardware

low complexityUWB receivers

Hardware

joint design of hardwareand algorithms

Fano decoder in VLSIP. Beerel & K.Chugg USC

Quantized UWB receiverS. Franz & U. Mitra, USC

38

Experimental Wireless?

• Other disciplines– Physics (experimental and theoretical)

• Usual province of industry– Where do trained faculty come from?

• Academic training needed– RF circuits and wireless communication theory– Challenge of providing in a two year MS

• How can industry/academia collaborate on training new wireless engineers?

39

Academic-Industry Relationships

• The heyday of Bell Labs– Claude Shannon

• Where are the “new” Bell Labs?– Who has the largest market share?

• Applied Research– Defense model 6.1, 6.2, 6.3 etc.

• How can industry invest?– Gifts– Support “centers”– One-by-one agreements– Is there a NEW model?

intellectual property}

40

Role of Government Agencies

• Funding waning for wireless/communications– “monotonically decreasing” at NSF

• Move towards a few large-sized programs– Vanishing single investigator grants

• Impact on industry?

41

What is the Channel?

sensor networks

ultrawideband

Sig

nal P

ower

(dB

)

1400120010008006004002000-100

-80

-60

-40

-20

0

Cellular

Ambient RF

Multipath EffectsUHF TV

underwatercommunications

coding forfading/MIMO channels

42

Biological Communications?

• Understand how nature communicates– Inform our communication system design

• “Grow” communication receivers– Use biological building blocks to construct

“classical” receivers

43

Problems

designing cell-to-cellcommunication

R. Weiss et al, Princeton University

capacity of neuralcommunication

M. Gastpar, BerkeleyB. Rimoldi, EPFL

error-correction for DNA crystalsErik Winfree, CalTech

Wireless Challenges: A Billion User Experimental Test Bed

Jeyhan KaraoguzBroadcom Corporation

The Current Semiconductor Revolution: Communications In Everything

The Next Communications Challenge: Convergence of Multimedia Content over

Home and Mobile Networks

Mobile World

Home World Content ProviderBroadband Service Provider

Cellular Service Provider

The Path To Convergence in the Broadband World is Pretty Scary

MediaServers

Media Service Provider

Broadband NetworkCableDSL

3GPPCDMA

Network

3GPPGSM/GPRS

Network

DVB-H

WiMAX

802.22Wireless over

Unused TV Channels

Satellite

Audio/Media Sharing

VoiceSMSMMS

HOME

Multimedia/Video Smart Phone

TelecomCarrier CO

WiFiHotspot

WiFi Hotspot

Future Levels of Integration in Mobile Devices

• Complexity

– 1000 DMIPS CPU– 10M polygon/sec 3D graphics– 100M pixel/sec MPEG4 codec– 10 Mbps 3G WWAN– 100Mbps 802.11 WLAN– 1000Mbps UWB WPAN– Digital Video Broadcasting

>500 MHz 32-bitProcessor w/FPU

Multi-threaded

3D GraphicsW/Dual ¼ Mpixel

LCD Displays

CD-Quality MP3Encode/Decode

Full-Frame MPEG4Encode/Decode

Advanced PowerManagement

WWANBB/MAC

WLANBB/MAC

WPANBB/MAC

Inte

gra

ted

RF

DRAM InterfaceFLASH Interface

Du

al C

amer

a In

terf

ace

Mobile Communications“Super Chip” of the Future

Power Dissipation is the Limiting Factor

Research Challenges

• Multi-Modal RF

• Coexistence

• MIMO

• Signal processing for improved range/quality/capacity/features

• Voice and Audio Quality

• Inter-Networking

• Security– Watermarking

– DRM

– Biometrics

• User Experience

• Power Management

Qualcomm May 2005

50

My Vision for Cellular

Avneesh Agrawal

Qualcomm

Qualcomm May 2005

51

Challenge/Opportunity

• The key challenge/opportunity for cellular is the widespread adoption of mobile data services.

• The case for data over cellular– Ubiquity (‘Anytime/Anywhere’)

– Location specific content

– Higher penetration than wireline internet• Only internet experience for many people

• Challenges– Limited UI

– Cost

Qualcomm May 2005

52

Wallet

MP3 Player

Game Console

FM Radio

PDAVoice

PagerPC

Bar Scanner

CamcorderWalkie-TalkieTelevision

Newspaper Rolodex

Glucometer

GPS Device

Photo Album

Camera

Cell-phone: The one device that everyone carries

Qualcomm May 2005

53

Some perspective

• Over 125 3G operators• Over 200M 3G subscribers• Over 610 3G mobile devices• Over 55 mobile device vendors

• Projected ~ 1B 3G users in 2009 (~50% of total cellular market)

3G = CDMA2000 (1x, EV-DO) and WCDMA (Rel99, HSDPA, HSUPA)

• Worldwide cellular subscribers ~1.5B• Projected > 2B in 2009

We have just begun to tap into the wireless data market.

Qualcomm May 2005

54

Multicast – a more efficient mechanism for distributing content

• For multicast services, cost/bit is largely determined by users at cell-edge

– Spectral efficiency at edge of cellular systems could be as low as .1 bps/Hz.

• Cell radius cannot be very large (typical < 1-2 km)

– Limited by Uplink link budget

• For multicast data, same information can be transmitted simultaneously.

– No cell edge. Spectral efficiency ~1-2 bps/Hz

• No uplink => can use few high powered large towers.

– Radius ~30-40 km

• Hence cost/bit for multicast data can be significantly reduced by using specialized multicast networks.

• News / Live TV /Sports

• Traffic report / Weather

• Stock Ticker

• A surprising large amount of content can be delivered efficiently using multicast

MediaFlo

Qualcomm May 2005

55

What is 4G ?

• Don’t know !• My conjecture:

– 4G should cause significant reduction in cost/bit (>5x) over 3G?• The wireless industry will spend > $100B going from 2G to 3G• Any transition away from 3G will be expensive and should be well worth the

pain. • Need to separate hype from reality.

• ‘Next Generation Services’ will involve hybrid networks– WAN/LAN/Multicast

– Use the most cost effective mechanism for delivering data.

Qualcomm May 2005

56

Active Areas of Research

• CDMA Multi-user Detection– Advances in Silicon technology now allow us to implement interference

cancellation and get closer to the theoretical limits.

– Compare with orthogonal multiple access techniques such as OFDMA.

• MIMO for Wide Area Networks– How do we extract MIMO gains in a WAN that is characterized by

correlated scattering and fairly poor C/I conditions?

• Smart Antenna’s• Device innovation

– Text input, low power displays, low power circuit design, battery technology, multiband radios, etc.

• Services– Mobile search, m-commerce, multi-player games, etc. .

The Digital HomeThe Digital Home Everything On Demand Network Everything On Demand Network

UCI Research SymposiumUCI Research Symposium

May 2005

Al Servati

Director Marketing, Broadband Media Products

Page 58Conexant ConfidentialUpdated 1/20/05

Broadband Digital HomeBroadband Digital Home

Internet

Video

Telephony / VPN

Game Worlds

Music

Dial-Up

Satellite

Cable

DSL

Broadband Wireless

Ethernet

HPNA

Powerline

Wireless

PC

Game System

Internet Radio

Analog/Digital Phones

TV/Video Displays

E-mail Terminals

Media GatewayMedia Gateway

Data GatewayData Gateway


Broadband Digital Home TechnologiesBroadband Digital Home Technologies

ADSL

VDSL

Cable Modem

Wireless (2.5/3G)

802.11 a/b/g BB/MAC

802.11 RF

Ethernet

Bluetooth

Powerline

Analog Modem

Video Codec

MPEG-2 Codec

Digital Tuner

Demodulator

SD MPEG-2 Codec

LCD Control

Audio Codec

Advanced Video CodecsAdvanced Video Codecs

PC

DTVDVD-RAudioSTB

DisplayCurrent Conexant Portfolio Capability

Gap

Media ApplicationsMedia ApplicationsLocal DistributionLocal Distribution

DVD Navigator802.16

ADSL2/2+Voice Codec

Telephony ApplicationVOP

Network Processor

Broadband AccessBroadband Access

xDSL CO

Current GlobespanVirata Portfolio


Cable Operators’ Business ChallengesCable Operators’ Business Challenges

Need to compete with Satellite, ISP, and Telco offerings• Everything On Demand

Video on Demand, IP-Video (HDTV/H.264)

• VoIP, Multimedia service, Home Security, other services ?? Need to drive open standards to lower CAPEX and OPEX

• A flexible network architecture, NGNA• Communication technologies (Euro- / DOCSIS standards)

Next Generation DOCSIS DOCSIS 3.0

• Low-cost CPEsHighly Integrated SOCs (HD / H.264)

• Advanced content servers, standard middleware, home networking technologies


Current Cable Network Current Cable Network

Cable Modem

CM + VoIP

CM + RG

Data

Set Top Box

Video

HFC

MPEG-2


DOCSIS Evolution: Better QoS / Higher BWDOCSIS Evolution: Better QoS / Higher BW

TDMA PHY

MAC Without QoS

Applications•Asymmetric Bandwidth•Best Effort

DOCSIS 1.0 DOCSIS 3.0

Applications• Asymmetric Bandwidth• Best Effort

MAC Without QoS

TDMA PHY

DOCSIS 1.1

MAC QoS Enhancements

• Constant Bit Rate

DOCSIS 2.0

•Constant Bit Rate

S-CDMA PHY

•Symmetric Bandwidth

A-TDMA/ S-CDMA MAC Changes

MAC Without QoS

Applications•Asymmetric Bandwidth•Best Effort

MAC QoS Enhancements

TDMA PHY A-TDMA PHY


Everything On Demand NetworkEverything On Demand Network

HFC

H.264Content

Thick Set-top Box

Broadband Content Gateway Home Network Thin STB

Cable operators and consumer electronics companies must form alliances • To provide new content and services

Cable operators focus on delivering applications /services • Retain subscribers and increase revenue per subscriber


Next Generation STBs, DTVs, ….Next Generation STBs, DTVs, ….

eSTBHD / H.264Tuner

TSeCM DOCSIS 3.0

Support for Video over IP via dedicated DOCSIS channels• HD / H.264, up to 200 Mpbs downstream bandwidth

CX2418xH.264

I/O Bus or PCI CLK TS YCrCb

CX2417x HD Decoder


Next Gen. STB with Home Networking Next Gen. STB with Home Networking

eCM DOCSIS 3.0

eSTBHD / H.264

HDD

TunerTS

RF

IP-STBHD / H.264

CommunicationProcessor

HDD (NAS)

WirelessVoIP Wired

IP


The Future: Multi-Pipe DOCSISThe Future: Multi-Pipe DOCSIS

DO

CS

IS X

.xD

OC

SIS

X.x

Ca

ble

Mo

de

mC

ab

le M

od

em

DO

CS

IS X

.xD

OC

SIS

X.x

CM

TS

CM

TS

Multi-UpstreamsMulti-Upstreams

Max Rate: 30Mbps x N

1

2

N

1

2

M

Multi-DownstreamsMulti-Downstreams

Max Rate: 40Mbps x M


Next Generation DOCSIS 3.0Next Generation DOCSIS 3.0DOCSIS Version DOCSIS 1.0 DOCSIS 1.1 DOCSIS 2.0 DOCSIS 3.0

Services

Broadband Internet Tiered ServicesVoIPVideo ConferencingCommercial ServicesEntertainment Video

X XXX

XXXXX

XXXXXX

Consumer Devices

Cable ModemVoIP Phone (MTA)Residential GatewayVideo PhoneMobile Devices

IP Set-top Box

X XXX

XXXX

XXXXX

X

Downstream BandwidthDownstream Bandwidth

Mbps/channel 40 40 40 200

Upstream BandwidthUpstream Bandwidth

Mbps/channel 10 10 30 100

DS Bond four 6MHz channels. With 256QAM = 160 Mbps, with 1024QAM = 200Mbps. US Bond multiple Channels


Hard-wired or DSPHard-wired or DSP

Satellite and Cable Operators will use Hard-wired solutions • Performance, Cost, Integration roadmap

IP/DSL-STB mostly will use integrated Hard-wired solutions• Designed primarily for satellite and cable operators

Large STB IC vendors will drive the cost and functionality of HD/H.264 STB SoCs• Responding to satellite and cable STB needs• Broad portfolio of complementary products and IP

Rene L. Cruz UCSD Networking

Joseph A. Bannister ISI and USC Networking

Daniel J. Blumenthal UCSB Optical Networking

Pamela Cosman UCSD Speech, Image, Audio and Video Coding

Babak Daneshrad UCLA MIMO Wireless

Urbashi Mitra USC Wireless

Jeyhan Karaoguz Broadcom Wireless

Avneesh Agrawal Qualcomm Cellular Wireless

Al Servati Conexant Digital Home

Date post:	09-Jan-2016
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Panel Pervasive Communications: All the Time, Everywhere

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