PANKI power plant

UTKARSH SRIVASTAV(SRMSCET,UNNAO) Page 1

A REPORT ON INDUSTRIAL TOUR OF

PANKI THERMAL POWER PLANT

(PANKI, KANPUR)

DATE-13/11/2014

PRESENTED BY-

UTKARSH SRIVASTAV

EN(3rd YEAR) , ROLL NO.- 1274521013


CONTENT i) INTRODUCTION

ii) FUEL :- COAL HANDELLING

iii) WATER HANDELLING

iv) BOILERS

v) TURBINES

vi) ALTERNATORS

vii) CONDENSORS

viii) TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

ix) WASTAGE HANDELLING

x) SUGGESTED REFORMS

xi) CONCLUSION


INTRODUCTION It is in district KANPUR about 15 KM from KANPUR railway

station on KALPI road.

There are two Generating Units at Panki Thermal Power Station

All the units of this station are coal fired thermal power plants,

having a total generating capacity of 210 MW and consists of

following units

Unit no. Generating capacity status

1. 32 MW, 32 MW deleted

2. 110 MW, 105 MW running

3. 610 MW proposed

The coal to all these units is fed from coal mines of BCCL, ECL by

means of railways.

Original equipment manufacturer of this plant is BHEL(BHARAT

HEAVY ELECTRICALS LIMITED).

It is a very old plant of india as of the duration of 1960s.it is fully

governed by uttar pradesh state government.


Fuel & coal handalling

The basic need of this plant is coal as fuel.the coal is used as primary

source of energy for this plant to generate heat in order to boil the

water and get the steam.

The coal is taken from the mines of BCCL(BHARAT COKING

COAL LIMITED) & ECL.the coal comes with the help of indian

railways to the plant where wagon are unloaded with the help of

wagon trippler as shown in figure.

The wagon is unloaded into a net as shown & under it there is a

underground path and a vibrator.which sucks the coal into the

conveyer and then it is filtered for impurities manually on conveyer

belt with the help of local peoples then it is passed through the cruser


where it is crused into little part as of dia of around 75mm.then it is

sended into bowl mill where it is first pulverzed with the help of hot

air then it is made powdered with the help of mettalic bowls.now

some things are mixed into it or some chemical processes to get the

calorific value of coal to almost 3000calorie.now the coal becomes

ready for going into the furnace.some coal goes toward the furnace

and some goes toward storage(there is almost 15-20 days storage

always available).

The machine is bi-directional.in case of need the direction of

conveyer is reversed .it is a very important auxillary in the power

plant.the head of machine is almost 25 meters.


Water handelling

Water handelling is also a very important thing for thermal power

plant.water in panki is taken by a canal and then it comes to the de-

mineralizing plant, where all minerals and other impurities are

extracted from the water in order to prevent turbines from the

ccorrosion and to make higher thermal efficiency.

In deareators the water is completely purified with the help of

bleeching powder, alum and other chemicals.

Impurities in the raw water input to the plant generally consist of

calcium and magnesium salts which impart hardness to the water.

Hardness in the make-up water to the boiler will form deposits on the

tube water surfaces which will lead to overheating and failure of the

tubes. Thus, the salts have to be removed from the water, and that is

done by a water demineralising treatment plant (DM). A DM plant

generally consists of cation, anion, and mixed bed exchangers. Any

ions in the final water from this process consist essentially of

hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions, which recombine to form pure

water. Very pure DM water becomes highly corrosive once it absorbs

oxygen from the atmosphere because of its very high affinity for

oxygen.

This water is sended into the boiler tubes and then condensed hot

water is again left into the canal by pumps.


Boilers Boilers are used for boiling purpose.the inner surface of the boilers is

made up of non corosive materials.due to impurities there gathers a

layer of slag in the inner part which may become too dangerous as

like explosive.so it is very sensitive part of the power plant.

Boilers are normally made up of tubes instead of a box beacause in

tubes there we get much uniformness and security.

In order to a fault, we do not change the whole system but we change

the layer of tubes of dia almost 5 to 7 cm.

The steam generated by boilers is sended to the turbines.the boiler

test is done regularly. As the consumption of water increases we

came to know that boiler tube is defected then we perform hydraulic

test on the shut down condition and change that particular layer.

The boiler is made up of much layers, the height of boilers is 42

meter in panki.the temp of furnace is 1500 deg centigrade.the temp of

super heated steam is 560 deg centigrade.the boilers use regenerative

rankine cycle.


Turbines There are two types of turbines are used In the thermal power plants-

1.)impulse turbines

2.)reaction turbines

But in panki power plant impulse turbine is used. An impulse turbine

has fixed nozzles that orient the steam flow into high speed jets.

These jets contain significant kinetic energy, which is converted into

shaft rotation by the bucket-like shaped rotor blades, as the steam jet

changes direction. A pressure drop occurs across only the stationary

blades, with a net increase in steam velocity across the stage. As the

steam flows through the nozzle its pressure falls from inlet pressure

to the exit pressure (atmospheric pressure, or more usually, the

condenser vacuum). Due to this high ratio of expansion of steam, the

steam leaves the nozzle with a very high velocity.

fgfgg

view of impulse turbine

the speed of turbine is governed by governer and nozzle angles.


Alternators Alternators are used to genate the electrical power in the power

plant.in panki there were two alternators of 11kv rating.which totally

generates 210 MW power.alternator contain a exciter and a

synchronous machine.the rotor was of cylindrical type which

generate rated voltage at rate speed of 3000 rpm.


General layout

The general layout of the thermal power plant can be shown as in the

given figure-

In this plant condenser were not used as they do not have lack of

water so they generally use open loop system means use the water

and then again release the water in the canal.but they have made two

big condensers for future pupose.


Transmission system

After the generation the problem is to connect the system with the

grid and to transmit the power.for this after alternator we send it to

the power transformer which converts 11 kv to the 220 kv at 50

Hz(almost) and connects it to the grid.for self consumption we again

take power from the grid.the syncronism of machines is very difficult

work.

All the transmission system is regulated by a state and central

regularity authourity and follows availiability based tarrif((ABT).


Wastage handelling

It is the biggest problem in any thermal power plant that what should be done with the wastage. according to a newyork based & iit Kanpur based research team-the coal handelling of the coal ash in this plant is not good.all the ash ponds are filled up so this is affecting a lot to the peoples of that locality. according to them almost 10000 peoples are affected due to many diseases because of this plant. The villagers are even more negatively effected when monsoon season begins, as the ash is deposited in the fields and farmers use ash-laden water to irrigate; this has an adverse affect on productivity and blocks the drainage system.

An ash pond of panki power plant


Suggested reforms

There are many methods to improve the overall efficiency of the

plant.

1.)since the plant is based on very old technology, so it it almost

manual so with higher automation in this plant we can improve

overall efficiency.

2.)since it has many adverse effect upon that locality so with the help

of improved technology to dump the coal ash in coal ponds we can

make it more sustainable.

We can use fungus to change that ash into a productive thing. Utilization of Mychorrhizal treatment can play a very good role because of its metal sequestering properties for effective metal bioremediation on Fly ash dumps. Mychorrhizal fungi are abeneficial group of micro-organisms that form a mutual relationship with living roots of higher plants. The mycorrhizal treatment offers an economically feasible biological means for assuring plant production at fly ash contaminated sites. Mychorrhizal produces organic acids that combine with some heavy metals to form compounds that are less mobile and less likely to pollute groundwater and surface runoff.


Conclusion

Power plants are the need of this time.we have a great scope of

thermal power plant as india has big source of coal.with the help of

new technology and proper handalling india can go far ahead in

energy generation.At the time when UP as well as INDIA needs

much power panki power plant is contributing a good role in

providing power to the public.

SIGN. Of HOD OF EN-

REMARK-

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PANKI power plant

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