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Decimation of bee populationsResearch Proposal by Paola CaballeroRISE Program UPR- Cayey
Pesticide resistance in bees
Bees, the major pollinators
Image from:http://www.guardian.co.uk/environment/2013/feb/28/wild-bees-pollinators-crop-yields
Bees, the major pollinators
Image from:http://www.beesandbeyond.com/bees/news/death-bees-genetically-modified-crops-and-decline-bee-colonies-north-america
Pesticides killing bee colonies worldwide
*Krupke, C. H., Hunt, G. J., Eitzer, B. D., Andino, G., & Given, K. (2012). Multiple routes of pesticide exposure for honey bees living near agricultural fields.
Widely used Pesticide:
They target the insect’s nervous system, binding with its nicotinic receptors and interrupting the sending of nerve impulses.
Image from:http://cynicaljournalist.wordpress.com/2011/01/20/front-pages-reviewed-at-midnight-thursday-20-january-2011/
Normal Impulse Transmission
Image from:http://www.pctonline.com/pct1011-insecticide-information.aspx
Neurological target sites
Image from: http://www.pctonline.com/pct1011-insecticide-information.aspx
Acetylcholine (Ach Receptor)
•Neonicotinoids are synthetic materials modeled after the natural, plant-produced insecticide nicotine.
•Active ingredients: imidacloprid, dinotefuran, thiamethoxam, clothianidin and acetamiprid.
•Neonicotinoids target the insect nervous system by binding to the acetylcholine (Ach; a neurotransmitter) receptor on the post-synapse nerve cell.
•Under normal conditions, Ach binds to this receptor for only milliseconds (1/1,000 of a second) at a time, resulting in short and controlled nerve stimulation.
• The neonicotinoids bind to the Ach receptor for very long periods, approximately minutes or greater.
Neonicotinoid
•Decreased effectiveness of a pesticide that was effective on previous generations of a pest population.
•Many organisms have resistance to many susbstances in their environments in order to survive and adapt.
•Natural selection plays an important role in building resistance.
•Examples:
Bacteria creating resistance to hand sanitizers
Cockroaches and flies create resistance to Raid Sprays and others
Pesticide Resistance
Research Project
Hypothesis
Specific aims
Methodology
Methodology
Methodology
Pesticide Pesticide Pesticide
Analyzing the Results
Importance
•http://www.pctonline.com/pct1011-insecticide-information.aspx
•http://www.groundwork.org.za/Resources/FactSheets/PAN%20AP/pesticides-factsheet-hhps-neonicotinoids.pdf
•Krupke, C. H., Hunt, G. J., Eitzer, B. D., Andino, G., & Given, K. (2012). Multiple routes of pesticide exposure for honey bees living near agricultural fields. PLoS One, 7(1) doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029268
References