SUBMMITED BY:MUHAMMAD SHOAIB (030)

PARAGRAPH

PARAGRAPH IS…

A GROUP OF SENTENCES GROUPED TOGETHER WHICH RELATE TO ONE TOPIC IN A COHERENT AND LOGICAL SEQUENCE.

Why do we need to write in form of paragraphs …?

Gives structure to a piece of writing.

Because Lengthy text is boring.easy to read.Beauty . Introduces new information in a

logical and understandable way.

How to write a paragraph….???

Indent

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.................................................................................................……………………………………………………………………………………………..………………………………………………………………

Skip a line

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Capitalization

o The first word of every sentence, in fact the first word in writing of any kind should begin with a capital; as, "Time flies." "My dear friend.

One central idea

How do we know when to start a new paragraph?

Start a new paragraph whenThere is a new idea or shift in focusA new event happensA new character comes alongShift in time and place

Paragraph structure….

1 Topic sentence

2 supporting sentence

3 concluding sentence

Topic sentence…..

Usually the first or second line of the paragraph

The topic sentence introduction the main idea of the paragraph..

Good Examples:

I love going out for dinner.

My dog had a terrible experience last week.

Police are an important part of the community.

What is the Main idea

Can’t be too general or specific

Do not announce topic

Bad examples of topic sentese

I want to write about when I was in school.

Students always made stupid jokes and made fun of me.

I had terrible experiences when I was in school.

Good examples

Only one main idea

In the paragraph we are explain only one main idea.

one paragraph= one main idea

Supporting sentence

Add information about the topic sentence

I spent the best year of my life helping people build houses in costa Rice.

Examples of supporting sentence

I was the happiest I have ever been when I lived in the small island country.

I felt so good about myself because all I did was help others all day. I helped families get a new place to live and built schools or community center where people can learn and work together to make a better life. It was so great to help others.

TO define the topic sentence

Explain the topic sentence

Concluding sentence

Remind the reader about the topic

Describes the main idea one more time

Example of Topic sentence

Topic Sentence

My father taught me the importanceOf saving money

Concluding Sentence As you can see, money is very important for my dreams in life so I am thankful my father showed me how to save

Types of Paragraphs For our purposes, here are the basic

types of paragraphs:› Narrative› Exposition› Descriptive› Persuasive

Narrative Tells a story Uses specific details Is not a mere listing of events- it has

characters, setting, conflict, and resolution› Time and place are usually established

Usually chronologically organized

Narrative Example

So now on nights when my mother presented her tests, I performed listlessly, my head propped on one arm. I pretended to be bored, and I was. I got so bored I started counting the bellows of the foghorns out on the bay while my mother drilled me in other areas… The next day, I played a game with myself, seeing if my mother would give up on me before eight bellows. After a while, I usually counted only one, maybe two at the most. At last, she was beginning to give up hope.

Exposition

Informative/explanatory Can be included incidentally with

narrative or descriptive, but can also stand alone.

The challenge of writing an exposition paragraph is your credibility – how do I know that you know what you’re talking about?Answer: Citations! (from experts)

Exposition Example

Stress is defined as a state of extreme difficulty that causes mental or physical tension. In a recent study, teenagers were shown to experience stress as often as adults. According to the study, the most common causes of stressors to teens include divorce of parents, death of a loved one, loneliness, moving to a new neighborhood, and having difficulty in a social environment. These stressors can greatly change the way teens act in many circumstances.

Description

Series of detailed observations Usually not used by itself, but rather

as a part of a whole The challenge is to make it

interesting› Imagery› Sensory details; five senses› Similes, metaphors

Description Example

When I think of the home town of my youth, all that I seem to remember is dust- the brown, crumbly dust of late summer- arid, sterile dust that gets into the eyes and makes them water, gets into the throat and between the toes of bare brown feet. I don’t know why I should remember only the dust… And so, when I think of that time and that place, I remember only the dry September of the dirt roads and grassless yards of the shanty-town where I lived.

Persuasive

Uses direct approach› “Believe me and do it!”

Calls reader to action or to take a stand on an important issue

More than just opinion is needed; information, analysis, and context must be given to the reader to let him/her make a decision

Persuasive Example

Students are currently getting ripped off. Students who spend an average of 10 hours or more on extracurricular activities should receive some kind of academic credit. Most students who are involved in sports, music, journalism, or theater activities are actively learning on a daily basis. They attend practice and events and participate regularly as they would in class. Furthermore, their participation helps them become more responsible and disciplined students. Students are putting forth the effort, and not getting any recognition for their time.

_1. Is the first word indented?_2. Does each sentence begin with a capital letter and have correctpunctuation?_3. Are any words misspelled or left out?_4. Have I included any sentences which do not tell about the topic?_5. Have I restated the topic sentence?_6. Have I used examples, facts, reasons, or sensory details for interest?_7. Have I used exact nouns, descriptive phrases, interesting verbs, adjectives, adverbs or comparisons.

Check list for proof reading