Part 1: Diabetes 101

Novo Nordisk: Changing Life with Diabetes

Food is broken down into glucose Glucose = Sugar Pancreas makes insulin and helps move glucose in the blood into cells Glucose helps the cells produce energy

What Happens When I Eat?

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Novo Nordisk: Changing Life with Diabetes

What’s the Difference?

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• A1C gives the you the average blood glucose over a 3 month period, but mostly in the past 30 days

• Since this is an AVERAGE, it only represents the middle ground

• You could be having really HIGH blood glucose and really LOW blood glucose

What is A1C?

Pre Diabetes- A1C 5.7-6.4%- Fasting glucose 100-125

Normal- A1C < 5.7%- Fasting glucose < 100

Diabetes- A1C > 6.5%- Fasting glucose >126- 2 hrs after meal >200- Random glucose >200 with symptoms of high blood sugar

How is Diabetes Diagnosed?

• Frequent urination

• Increased thirst

• Hunger

• Blurred vision

• Fatigue

• Headache

Novo Nordisk: Changing Life with Diabetes

Signs of HIGH Blood Sugar

• Heart palpitations

• Shakiness

• Anxiety

• Sweating

• Hunger

• Tingling sensation

• Weakness

• Sleepiness

• DizzinessNovo Nordisk: Changing Life with Diabetes

Signs of LOW Blood Sugar

• Check your blood sugar!!!• If your blood glucose is LESS than 80:

– Eat/drink 15 grams of sugar»4 oz of Orange Juice»4 oz of REGULAR Soda»Chew 3-4 Lifesaver Candies»3 Glucose Tablets»1 Tube of Glucose Gel

• Recheck your blood sugar in 15 minutes and repeat until blood glucose is greater than 80

Treating a LOW: Rule of 15

• Damage to the body’s cells occur when blood sugars are ABOVE 180 constantly

• It gives you an idea of what happens on a daily basis with your blood sugar

• It helps YOU manage your diabetes

Why Should I Monitor BG?

Goals & Treatments

• Based on the 2015 Guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA):– A1C: < 7%– Fasting Sugar: 80-130 – 2-hours after meal sugar: < 180– LDL “Bad Cholesterol”: < 100– Blood Pressure: < 140/90

Goals for Diabetes

• Oral medications and injectable medications• Sometimes you may need to take more than

one medication because they work in different areas of the body

Treatment Options

• Examples:– Glucophage® (metformin)

Take with FOOD! – Actos® (pioglitazone) – Januvia® (sitagliptin) – Onglyza® (saxagliptin)– Tradjenta® (linagliptin)

Medications That Work in the Liver

• Examples:– Micronase® (glyburide), Amaryl® (glimepiride),

Glucotrol® (glipizide)– Starlix® (Nateglinide), Prandin® (repaglinide)

Take 15-30 min before meals BUT you MUST eat to prevent low blood sugar

Medications That Work in the Pancreas

• Examples:– Glucophage® (metformin)– Actos® (pioglitazone)

Medications That Work in the Muscle

• Examples:– Victoza ®, Byetta ®, and Bydureon ® (Injectables)

Take Byetta 30-60 minutes before meals– Januvia® (sitagliptin), Onglyza® (saxagliptin), and

Tradjenta® (linagliptin)

Medications That Work in the Stomach

• Provides the body with insulin which helps bring glucose into the cell and decreases your blood sugar

• Examples:– Long Acting

• Lantus, Levemir– Short or Rapid Acting (Meal Time Insulin)

• Humalog, Novolog, Apidra

Make sure you EAT!!!!!

Insulin

• Follow-up with your doctor at least 1x/year• Attend regular check ups with your doctor• Take medications properly • Eat right and exercise • Monitor blood sugar! • Comprehensive eye exam and foot exam yearly• Check feet daily • Flu vaccine yearly

What Can I Do To Manage My Diabetes?