Novo Nordisk: Changing Life with Diabetes
Food is broken down into glucose Glucose = Sugar Pancreas makes insulin and helps move glucose in the blood into cells Glucose helps the cells produce energy
What Happens When I Eat?
• A1C gives the you the average blood glucose over a 3 month period, but mostly in the past 30 days
• Since this is an AVERAGE, it only represents the middle ground
• You could be having really HIGH blood glucose and really LOW blood glucose
What is A1C?
Pre Diabetes- A1C 5.7-6.4%- Fasting glucose 100-125
Normal- A1C < 5.7%- Fasting glucose < 100
Diabetes- A1C > 6.5%- Fasting glucose >126- 2 hrs after meal >200- Random glucose >200 with symptoms of high blood sugar
How is Diabetes Diagnosed?
• Frequent urination
• Increased thirst
• Hunger
• Blurred vision
• Fatigue
• Headache
Novo Nordisk: Changing Life with Diabetes
Signs of HIGH Blood Sugar
• Heart palpitations
• Shakiness
• Anxiety
• Sweating
• Hunger
• Tingling sensation
• Weakness
• Sleepiness
• DizzinessNovo Nordisk: Changing Life with Diabetes
Signs of LOW Blood Sugar
• Check your blood sugar!!!• If your blood glucose is LESS than 80:
– Eat/drink 15 grams of sugar»4 oz of Orange Juice»4 oz of REGULAR Soda»Chew 3-4 Lifesaver Candies»3 Glucose Tablets»1 Tube of Glucose Gel
• Recheck your blood sugar in 15 minutes and repeat until blood glucose is greater than 80
Treating a LOW: Rule of 15
• Damage to the body’s cells occur when blood sugars are ABOVE 180 constantly
• It gives you an idea of what happens on a daily basis with your blood sugar
• It helps YOU manage your diabetes
Why Should I Monitor BG?
Goals & Treatments
• Based on the 2015 Guidelines from the American Diabetes Association (ADA):– A1C: < 7%– Fasting Sugar: 80-130 – 2-hours after meal sugar: < 180– LDL “Bad Cholesterol”: < 100– Blood Pressure: < 140/90
Goals for Diabetes
• Oral medications and injectable medications• Sometimes you may need to take more than
one medication because they work in different areas of the body
Treatment Options
• Examples:– Glucophage® (metformin)
Take with FOOD! – Actos® (pioglitazone) – Januvia® (sitagliptin) – Onglyza® (saxagliptin)– Tradjenta® (linagliptin)
Medications That Work in the Liver
• Examples:– Micronase® (glyburide), Amaryl® (glimepiride),
Glucotrol® (glipizide)– Starlix® (Nateglinide), Prandin® (repaglinide)
Take 15-30 min before meals BUT you MUST eat to prevent low blood sugar
Medications That Work in the Pancreas
• Examples:– Victoza ®, Byetta ®, and Bydureon ® (Injectables)
Take Byetta 30-60 minutes before meals– Januvia® (sitagliptin), Onglyza® (saxagliptin), and
Tradjenta® (linagliptin)
Medications That Work in the Stomach
• Provides the body with insulin which helps bring glucose into the cell and decreases your blood sugar
• Examples:– Long Acting
• Lantus, Levemir– Short or Rapid Acting (Meal Time Insulin)
• Humalog, Novolog, Apidra
Make sure you EAT!!!!!
Insulin