F r i d a yMarch 31. 1989

Part I IEnvironmentalProtect ion Agency

*fi CFR Part 300National Prtorltiea Uat for UncontrolledHazardous Waste Sttea-f tnal Upda t e #

13296 F e d e r a l K e g j s l e r / V o l . 54. No. 61 / F r i d a y . March 31. 19«* / RUJLS andE N V I R O N M E N T A L P R O T E C T I O NA G E N C Y40 CFR Part 300( F T U . - 3 S 4 6 - 3 IN a t i o n a l Pr ior i t i e s L i s t l o rU n c o n t r o l l e d H a z a r d o u s W a s t e S i t e s -F i n a l U p d a t e N o . 5A G E N C Y : Env ironmen ta l P r o t e c t i o nA g e n c yA C T I O N : F i n a l R u l e .• U U M A K V : T h e Environmental P r e l e c t i o nA g e n c y ("EPA") i s amend ing theN a t i o n a l Oil and Hazardous SubstancesCont ingency P l a n ("NCP"). 40 CFR Part300, which was p r o m u l g a t e d on July 10.1882. pursuant lo s ec t ion 105 of theC o m p r e h e n s i v e EnvironmentalResponse. Compensa t i on , and L i a b i l i t yAct of 1980 ( " C E R C L A " ) ( a m e n d e d byt h e S u p e r f u n d A m e n d m e n t s a n dReauthorization Act of 1986 ("SARA")J•nd Executive Order 12560 (52 FR 2923.J a n u a r y 29.1967). CERCLA requires tha t(he NCP i n c l u d e a l i s t of n a t i o n a lp r i o r i t i e s among tha known releases orthreatened releases of hazardoussubstance*, p o l l u i c n t s . or contaminant!throughout the U n t i e d S t a t e s , and thatthe l i s t be revised «t leas) annually. TheN a t i o n a l Prior i t i e s Li s t ( " N P L " ) . i n i t i a l l ypromulga t ed as A p p e n d i x B of the NCPon S e p t e m b e r 8.1963 (48 FR 406S6J.cons t i tute s this l i s t and is being revisedtoday by the addit ion of A3 »a*f. EPAhas reviewed p u b l i c comments on thel i s t i n g of 29 of these s i t e s and hasdecided that they meet the l i s t ingrequirements o f th e NPL No commentswire received on (he remaining 64 site*.I n a d d i t i o n , t o d a y ' s action removes foors l t M from (ha proposed NPL.I n f o r m a t i o n supporting these actions iscontained In the S u p e r f u n d Publt*Dockets.This nil* results ins f inal NPL of 800sites. 41 of (hem in the Ptdaral section;273 i t t a s art proposed to lha NPL 22 ofthem of than in tha Federal section.Final and proposed ilta* now to ta l 1.163-•mcnvt OATC Tto t f c c t ive date forthis amendment to tha NCP shall b*May 1.1960, CERCLA tac t fu l 305provides fur a l e g i i U U v s rato ofregulations promulga t ed under CERCLA.Although INS v. ChatUta. 462 U.S. 918.103 S. Ct 2794 (1063). cast the v a l i d i t y ofthe l e g i s l a t i v e vato into qussUoa EPAhas transmit ted « copy of this regulationlo the Secretary of tha S t n a t e and thedark of the House of Represenatives. Ifany ac t i on by Congress c a l l s (hve f f e c t i v e d a t a o f thi s r egu la t i on intoquestion. th« Agency will pub l i sh noticeof c l a r i f i c a t i o n in the r*fd«wl

A O O A E S S C S : A d d r e s s e s f o r t h eH e a d q u a r t e r s and R e g i o n a l d o c k e t sf o l l o w . F o r f u r t h e r d e t a i l s o n ivhat th e s edocke t s c o n t a i n , see S e c t i o n I of the" S U P P L E M E N T A R Y I N F O R M A T I O N " p o r t i o no f t h i s p r e a m b l e .T i n a Mardgoum. H e a d q u a r t e r s . U S E P ACERCLA Docket O f f i c e . W a t e r s i d e M a l l .401 M Stre e t . SW . Wash ing ton . DC ZOWO202/332-3046.Evo Cunha . Region 1 . l ' -S. EPA W a s t eManagement Records Center. HES-CAN &J . F K e n n e d y F e d e r a l Biulding. Boiion. M A02203.617/565-3300U.S- EPA. Region 2. Document ControlCenter, S u p e r f u n d Docket 26 Federa lMaia. 7lh Floor . Room Ho, New Y«k. NY10278. Latchmm Serrano. 212/204-&640.O p h e l i a Beown. 2 1 2 / 2 A 4 - U S 4Disne McCraary. Region 3. U.S. EPA LibrarySlh Floor. 841 Chestnut Building. 9U> AChei tnut Stree t*. P h i l a d e l p h i a . PA 10107.215/597-0680Gayle Als t on . Region 4. U.S. EPA L f b r t r y .Room G-6. 345 Court land S t r e e t NE_A t l i n l l . CA 30365. 404/347-4210Caihy Freeman. Region 5. U.8. EPA. 5 US-12.Z30 South Dearborn Stre e t . Chicago. IL00604. 312/808-6214Dflbor ih Vaugnn-WngH Region 6. US. EPA.1445 Ron Avenue. Mall Codt 6II-MA.D a l l a i - TX 75202-ZW. 214/MS-6740Connie McKtnxt*. Rtgion 7. U.S. EPALibrary. 728 Minnesota Avtnue. K«nuaCity. KB M 1 0 1 . 9 l 3 / 2 t t - 2 a z f lDolores Eddy. Rtfion «, U.S. EPA Ubnry. BBO18th S t r M t S u i t e 500. Denver, CO 10202-

Z406. 303/293-1444Linda Sunncn. R* oo fl. U.8. EPA Libnry. 6thFloor. 215 Fnuaoni Street. San Francisco.CA 04106. 415/874-eOttD*v1d B«nnstt Ration 10. U.S, EPA.1** ROOT.1200 Oth Avenue, Mai l S t o p MW-QB3.S M l t U . WA D6101. 200/441-2103.ran n w T H u nvromuTxw COWTAXT:Robert Myers. H a u r d o u s Si laEvaluation Division. O f f i c e ofEmergency and Remedial RespooM(OS-230). U3. Environmental ProtectionAgency. 401M Street SW_ WatUngto iLDC. 20460. or the S u p e r f u n d H o U i f t e * -Pbooe (OOOJ 4I4-OWO (3JU-3COO to the *Washington. DC. m e t r o p o U t a j i ana).

Act. 42 U.S.C. S e c t i o n s 9601-9657( " C F . R C L A " or the " A d " ) , in re spond r,ithe d a n g e r s of ur . cor . tro i l ed orabandoned h a z a r d o u s w a ? t p sues.C E R C L A w u s a.r.endtd in IfcBb l iy it--.-S u p e r f u r . d A m e n d m e n t s andR e a u t h o n z j l i o n A c t ( " S A R A " ) . I J u l » l u .L a w N ' o . 99-490. s l a t . 1 6 ' . 3 n l tttQ. T uimp l emen t C E R C L A . th e Environmnl. i lP r o t e c t i o n A g e n c y ("EPA" or "theA g e n c y " ) p r o m u l g a t e d t h e r ev i s edN a t i o n a l Oi l and H a z a r d o u s S u b s t a n c e sC o n t i n g e n c y P l a n ( " N C P " ) . 40 CFR f a r t300. on Jul> 16.1902 (47 FR 31180]pur suan t to CERCLA se c t i on 105 andExecut ive Order 12316 (46 FR 4223?).August 20.1981). The NCP. f u r t h e rreviaed by EPA on S e p t e m b e r 16.1985(SO FR 37024] and N j v ember 20. lo&ft (.soF R 47912). se t s f o r t h g u i d e l i n e s a n d ; 'proc edure s needed to r e spond underCERCLA lo releases and threalenedrelease s o f hazardous sub s tance s ,p o l l u t a n t s , or c o n t a m i n a n t s . OnDecember 21.1988 ( S 3 F R 51394], E l ' Aproposed revi s ions l o th e NCP inresponse to SARA.

S e c t i o n 105(a)(8)(A) o f C E R C L A . d- .amended by SARA, requires that tr ipNCP include criteria for determiningpr ior i t i e s among releases or t h r e a t e n e dreleases throughout th e U n i t e d S t a t e sfor- the purpose of taking rt media I a c t i onand. t o th e enlenl p r a c t i c a b l e , l&ke i n t oaccount the p o t e n t i a l urgency of suchaction for the purpose of t a k i n g removalaction. Removal action involves c l e a n u por other*, ctions that are taken inmponM to releases or t hr ea i s ofreleases on a short-term or t e m p o r a r ybasis (CERCLA sect ion 101(23)).Remedia l ac t ion t end* to be l o n g - t e r m innature and involves response a c t i on swhich arv consis tent with a permanentremedy for a release (CERCLA section101(24)). Criteria for determiningpriorities f or p o s s i b l e remedial a c t i o n sfinanced by the Trus t Fund e s t a b l i s h e dunder CERCLA are Included in theH f t u r d Ranking S y s t e m ("1{RS"). which_ .. .,. SEA promulgated aa A p p e n d i x A of theTibk of Ganiaats j^y (47 FR j j ^g . July 16,1982). OnL introduction • - • - • • . D*C«mbaf 23.1968 (53 FR SlOWJ. EPAf t "XTEJJ 1 "' fe? l 9 m e o U U o n °* *»**>.-.- proposed revision* to the HRS.%.^£^^^^^l^«™^V.DUpoaitkMorSttMlnTodiy'aRaBlRdt * i*f irt t t lor| crttwU provided by the HRSVL D n j x w t f a w ot Ml Ptopowd S i t M A W a n t • barus*d to pnp«r0 • l i s t of nat ionalP a a l l i y f t t w .wu^r-i^rtoritiesamoof lh« lutown rels«Mi orV l L C o a t s n u o f & e N P L ' Ihroatened reldaws of hazardousVpL Ratvlsttvy impact Aculysia - -aubatancea. polhi lant s . or caalarolnant sDC RnuUtory nexibaity Act Analyvis f c rou f ihou l the United StataA The l i s t .L Introduction wUch U A p p e n d i x B of (he NCP. ts tha„ , N a U o n * ] PrtonbM Ust ("NPL"). Sect ionBackground tODl«K«KBJ also requires that the NPLIn 1960. Congress enacted the be revised at least annual ly. A s i t e canComprehensive Environmental undtrgo<XRCLA-rinaneed remadiulResponse. C o m p e n s a t i o n , and L i a b i l i t y action only a f t a r it is p la c ed on the Ml

F e d e r a l R e $ ; s l e r / V o l . 5-1. N ' o . 6 1 / F - d d V , M d r c h • : 1989 / R^es j n d R e s u l d t i o n s 13297*s provided in the NCP a I -W CFR300GO{c)!:] and 30Q.G8(a).A n onginai N ' P L o f 4 0 6 s:?e» w j sp r o m u l g a t e d on S e p i c m b e r 5 1983 (48FR 40658). The NPL has s ince beene x p a n d e d , most r e c e n t l y on ]u!y 22.1987( 5 2 F R roao! a n d , e x c l u s i v e l y f o rF e d e r a l f a e i l i t ) s i i e s - o n M a r c h 13.1989(54 FR 10512) The A j z e n c y hu« a l s opub l i s h ed a number of proposedrule making s to add s i t e s lo the NPLmost recently on J u n e 24.1983 (53 FR23986).EPA may d e l e t e site* from the NPLwhen no f u r t h e r response is a p p r o p r i a t e .aa provided in the NCP at 40 CFR300.66{cX7). To date , (he Agency haid e l e t e d 26 s i t e s f r om the NPL. two sinceMarch 13, 1989 (54 FR 10513):

* March 17.1969 (54 FR 11203}— N e w Cas t l e Stee l . New Cail i e County.Delaware• March 23.1989 (54 FR 11949)— W a d e ( A D M ) . Cheater. PennsylvaniaT h i s rule a d d s 93 ai tea to the NPL.EPA has c a r e f u l l y cons idered p u b l i ccomments s u b m i t t e d for 29 of the s i t e sin t oday'a f i n a l rule and made tomem o d i f i c a t i o n s in response to thosecomments. No comments were receivedon the remaining B4 ti le s . T h i s ruleresults in a tin a I NPL of 590 ailea. 41 ofthem In fh* Federal section; 273 iltei are(n proposed status, 22 of them In theFederal section. In a d d i t i o n , four si tesare being dropped from the proposedNPL W i t h these changes, f ina l andproposed t i l e s now total 1,163.EPA includes on the NPL s i t e s atwhich there are or have been release s orthreatened release* of hazardoussubs tances , p o l l u t a n t s , or contaminants.The discuwion below may refer to"releases or threatened releases" s implyas "releases", "faci l i t ie s", or "sitea".

Information Available to the PublicThe Headquarters ind Regional publicdockets for the NPL (we AOOfttuaportion of this notice) containdocuments r e l a t i n g to the ocoriru* of•itea in th i s f i n a l rule. Tba docketa area v a i l a b l e for viewing "by appointmentonly" a f t e r the appearance of thianotice. The hour* of operation for uaHeadquarters dock«st an from 04)0 ajn.to 4:00 p.m.. Monday through Fridayexcluding Federal holidays, Plaascontact Individual Regional dockets forhour*.The Headquarter! docket containsMRS «core sheets for each f i n a l site, aDocumentation Record for each l i fede scr ib ing the I n f o r m a t i o n used tocompute the score, pertinent I n f o r m a t i o nfor any s i t e a f f e c t e d by special s t u d ywaste or o ther requirements or ResourceConservation and Recovery Act or other

l i s t i n g po l i c i e s a l i s t of documentreferenced in the D o c u m e n t a t i o nRecord, comments rece ived, a n c ' h eA g e n c y ' s resporue t o tho se comments .T h e A g e n c y ' s r e iponse s a r e c o n f i n e din the " S u p p o r t Document for theRevis ed N ' a t i o n a . P r i o r i t i e s L i s t — F i n a lRule. L ' p d a t e = 5 "Each Regiona l do ck e t i n c l u d e s a l li n f o r m a t i o n a v a i l a b l e in theH e a d q u a r t e r s docket f o r s i t e s i n ' J i a tRegion, as well as the actual referencedocuments, which contain the data EPArelied upon in ca l cu la t ing or evaluat ingthe MRS scores for sites in the Region.These reference documents areavailable only in the Regional dockets.T h e y may be viewed "by a p p o i n t m e n tonly" In the a p p r o p r i a t e RegionalDocket or S u p e r f u n d Branch o f f i c eRequests for copies may be directed tothe a p p r o p r i a t e Regional docket orS u p e r f u n d Branch.An Informal written request, ratherthan a formal request, should be theordinary procedure for obtaining copiesof any of these documents.EPA has publ i shed a statementdescribing what background information(resul t ing from the initial i n v e s l i g f u o nof po t en t ia l CERCLA s i t e s ) the Agencyd i s c l o s e s in response to Fre edom ofI n f o r m a t i o n Act requests (52 FR 5573.February 25,1987).II. Purpose and I m p U r m / o U t i o n of theN P LPurpose

The primary purpose of the NPL Ustated in the l e g i s l a t i v e history ofCERCLA (Report of the Committee onEnvironment and P u b l i c Works. Sena t eReport No. 96-946, oeth Gong- 2d Sess.00 (1880)):The priority UsU s*rv» primarilyinformational purpww, (dtnttrying for (htS t a t e s tad the public UHN* f a c i l i t w i ud wt«or otbar r t U f j w t which appear to wtiruartmadJal aettotu. tocJuiion of • f a c i l i t y or titaoo tht list dott not to ttatlf reflect a Miamiof the actlvitut of Its owner as operator. Hdoea not require UMM pmou to tmdertaJu«oy action, DOT do«a It iutgn hab tHt? to toyperson. SabwqiwQt govtromeat action ia &•form of remedial actions or eafarceaMalKtioM wiil b« oectsury to order to do lo,acd tb«M actions will be sltnctod by alla p p r o p r i a t e procedural M/tju ird*-

Tha purpose of the NPL, therefore, laprimarily to serve aa an InfonaatioaaJand muiagement tool. Tha InitialI d e n t i f i c a t i o n of • tita for the NPL Uintended primarily to guide EPA indetermining which sites warrant furtherI n v e s t i g a t i o n to asses* the nature andextent of the p u b l i c h e a J t h andanvironmanul risks associated with thes i t e and to determine what CERCLA-financed remedial ac t t on f s) , if any. may

be a p p r o p r i a t e . The NPL al so serves ton o t i f y t h e p u b l i c o f s i t e s EPA b e l i f x e swarrant f u r t h e r i n v e s t i g a t i o n .F e d e r a l f a c i l i t y s i t e s n r e e l i g i b l e f o rthe NPL pursuant to (he MCF j t 40 CFR3 0 0 f i 6 f c ) ( 2 ) . However , section l U M I I tof C E R C L A , as amended by SARA,limit s the e x p e n d i t u r e of CERCLAmonies at Federa l ly-owned f a c i l i t i e s .F e d e r a l f a c i l i t y s i t e s are al so s u b j e c t tothe requirements of CERCLA sectionm added by SARA.

ImplementationA site can undergo remedial a c t i onfinanced by the Trus t Fund e s tab l i shedunder CERCLA only a f t e r it is placed onthe f ina l NPL as out l ined in the NCP at40 CFR 300.66(c)(2) and 300.66ja). .However. EPA may take enforcementectiona under CERCLA or othera p p l i c a b l e s t a t u t e s a g a i n s t r e s p o n s i b l ep a r t i e s r egard l e s s of whether the s i te ison the NPL. a l t h o u g h , aa a p r a c t i c a lm a t t e r , t h e f o c u s o f E P A ' a e n f o r c e m e n tactions has been and wi l l continue to beon NPL sites. S i m i l a r l y , in the case ofremoval actions. EPA has the authori tyto acl at any site, whether l i s t e d or not,that meets tha criteria of (he NCP at 40

CFR 30X65^7.E P A ' s p o l i c y I s t o pursue c l e a n u p o fNPL sites using the a p p r o p r i a t e r e sponseand/or enforcement ac t ions a v a i l a b l e tothe Agency, including authorities otherthan CERCLA. Listing a site will serveas notice to any p o t e n t i a l l y e sponBibleparty that the Agency may I n i t i a t eCERCLA-Ananced remedial action. TheAgency will decide on a site-by-sitebasis whether to take enforcement orother action under CERCLA 01 otherauthori t i e s , proceed d ir e c t ly withC E R C L A - f i n i f l c e d response actions andseek to recover response cost* a f t e rcleanup, or do bc.u To the ex tentfeasible, once sites are on the NPL. EPAwill determuM high-priority candidatesfor S u p e f f u n d - f i n a n c e d response actionand/or enforevmeot acton through bothS t a t e and Federal Initiatives. Thesedeterminations will taka Into accountwhich approach Is more likely to mostexpedi tou s ly accompli sh c l eanup of th«site wfai la using CERCLA's l imitedresources ai e f f i c i e n t l y a* possible.RemedUl response actions will notnecessarily be funded in the same order«J4 site's ranking on the NPL—that is,Its MRS score. The Information collectedto develop HRS scores is not s u f f i c i e n tla l l s e t f to determine either the extent ofcontamination or the appropr ia t eresponse for a particular s i te. EPA r e l i e son rurtbsr. more d e t a i l e d s t u d i e s in theremedial i n v e s t i g a t i o n / f e a s i b i l i t y s t u d y(Rl/FS) to address these concerns.

1329fl F e d e r a l Register ' V o l . 54. No. 61 / F r i d a y . March 31. 193S ,' Rules and R e f l a t i o n sT h e R I / F S d e t e r m i n e s I h e s y p e dr.dex t ent o f c o n t a m i n a t i o n , l! d l s o tak<*s:nio accou.nl the amour:: ofc o n i r t m m a n t s in the * r A : r o n n i e n t :h»r;sk in j f f e c i e d p o p u l a t i o n s andenvirunr-.en:. t h e cosl t o r i ' r r p c ic r o W e m s at (he s i t e , and ihe re spnr.s*-actions th i i i have been taken by

p o t e n t i a l l y r e s p e r s s b l e p a r t i e s o ' r:*vrbDecisions on the t y p e and e x t en t ofact ion to be t a k e n ai t h e s e s i t e s aremade :n accordance w j i h the c r i t e r i acontained in S u b p a r i F of »he NCP Afterc o n d u c t i n g the s e a d d i t i o n a l s t u d i e s .EPA may conc lude that it is notdes irable to ini t ia t e a CERCLA remedialaction at some s i t e s on the \*PL becauseof more pressing needs al other site*, orbecause a p r i v a t e party c l e a n u p isa lr eady underway pursuant to anenforcement action. Given the l imitedresources a v a i l a b l e in the Trus t F o n d ,the Agency must c a r e f u l l y balance there la t iv e needs for response at thenumerous sites i t has s tud i ed . It i s a l s opossible that EPA will conclude a f t e rf a r t h e r analys i s thai the s i t e does notwarrant remedial action.Revisions to the NR Midi as today •m J e m a k i n g oiay oove some previouslyl i s ted sites to a lower posit ion on theNPU However, if EPA has initiatedact ion such as an Rl/FS at a *:te. it doesnot inland to cease »uch actions todetermine if a iubseque«Uy listed siteshould have a higher pnonty {orfunding. Rather, tke Agency willcoatuuM f u n d i n g site studies andremedial actions once they haw beeninit iated even if higher-soaring sites ml a t e r added to the NPLRI'FS at Proposed Sites. An Rl/FScan be performed al proposed s i t e s (oreven noi t-NPL sites) purtuot to ttteAgency's removal authority undtrCERCLA. aa ouitined in the NCP M <MCFR 30048(aUU (Sectioa 161(23) «fCEBCLA define* "cemow" or "r&swvaTto iaclsufe "auch Action* a* say beneceMaty to moailar. ***«• rideraliiale the releata v thrash of retee**' * * " Thn ftnffffislsan nf "rnrrntJ"alao includes "action taJua undarSect ion I04(b) of Ifeis-Aot' * V whichau&onzej the f t janiT tn p e f f e r r astudies, lava* to •*»••• and »tharinformatioa-gatheriiV acnrttwe jA l t h o u g h an Rl/FS if g ena/a l l fconducted al a site a f t er ifae siie hasbeen p lac ed «i tba NFL, in • number ofeircumalanceJ the Agency elects t»conduct aa RI/TS at a propoaed NPL tiuia preparat ion fat a poaaibU CEHCLA-f inanced remedial adiou. such tu whanIbe Agency believe* that a delay maycreate unnecessary risk* to humanh e a l t h or the environment. In addit ion,the Agency may conduct an Rl/FS to

as s i s t ta d e t e r m i n i n g whether to conducta removal or e n f o r c e m e n t a c t i o n a( *s i t e .facility fSit?i Boundaries. A "fdciJnyis d e f i n e d under CCKCLA section 101,9;

nnd »he NCP al 40 CFR 300.6 as "(AJ anybu i ld ing . s t ruc ture . * " ' w e l l . pa. pon t ior (B) any site or area where ah a z a r d o u s sub s tance has beend e p o s i t e d , s t or ed , d i spo s ed of . ur p lace t; .or otherwise cume to be located." (Theterm "site" ii f r e q u e n t l y usedin t e r changeau ly with f a c i l i t y ) The"come (o be located" languagei m p l e m e n t s the broad remedial purpose sof C E R C L A , giving EPA authority toclean op contamination when it haispread from the original source. In U.S.v. Bh$s. 607 F. S u p p . 1208- 1305 (E.D Mo.1987). the courts have a/ fumed t h i sinterpretation;

AJ the Spec ia l Muter nolad •oocuKily inUnited States v. Conservation Cheaacol Co-619 F. Sopp. ( 162J tt 166 1(W.D.Ma Idffitt" s imply put the term 'fccilily' u>dud«s sotpUce where buardouf iubstaacei come tobe located.*1 T h u s , to ibow th s i 10 area ii s'facility', ihe p U i n l i f f need * lv ihow uut •hazardous lub i lance bat been placed l i treM hts "atherwist eoate to be toctted" tbcra.The ejUenJ of the ooataauaajido, andthin (he "fadlity". ii f ir s t dwcnbedwhen a rei«aae or threat&oed releaae isscored using Ihe MRS. However. HRSscoring and the sub s equent l i s t i n g of arele«ae tuerelj ropreMuri the initialde t erminat ion that a certain aras mayneed to be addressed under CERCLA.Accordingly. EPA contemplate s that thepreliminary desaipthxi <*» f a c i l i t yboundaries at th* time of vcoring winneed to be refined and improved asmore I n f o r m a t i o n is d ev e l op ed aa towhere UK contamination ha* come U> belocated: this r e f in ing s t e p general lycornea dunpg tsv BJ/fS stesja. As theNCP prvridea at «0 CFK XtOAtd):A « R l / F 3 t h * B . . .d c t ono ine l b ea j t l ur eaod ax ta sUof tfaa thxaal infemlad bjr d»

[nfooiiaiioa to dalanauu tt* ntetutty Sotand pnpassd aaUot ai BtsMduU actiM.iu s j prevmicBry d e w i i p t f j n of af a c i l i t y when H ii Hitad doea notpredude tbo Agancy. dmiog Eha Rl/FS.front f o l l ow ing thaas ii goe*. arm than cooajdering thef a c i l i t y , for rvaponm j T o r o t e a . at Ihe

have come to be located, even tf thaiarea extends beyond the boondary forwhich tbe site wn nsnnetl.Ul. NPL U p d a t e f t w M MPlacing Site* on tha NPL

Th«« ace tfare* m«ckwiua» f*rpUciog utn on (he NPL. Tb« {uiacifial

n i h e a p p h c a ' i o n o f t h eHRS. The HRS icrves a» a s c r e en ingdevice t o e va lua t e t h e r e l a t i v e p o t e r ' : , , !o f u n c o n t r o i i t d h a z a r d o u s S L t i s i a r . c f c s ' . uCHust human h e a l t h or s a l K " . p r r j U - n s .or erolox'^if or e n v i r o n m e n t a l d*r li-e.T h e H R S score i s c a l c u i d t e d b ye s t imat ing r:sks preaenied ;n tnrt-ep o t ? n n a l " p d i h w a y s " of humnn orenv ironmenta l exposure: ground u d ' r - r .s u r f a c e «ater. and air. W i ^ i m eaciip a t h w a y o f exposure , t h e HRS considersthree categories of f a c t o r s "that aredes igned to encompas s most aspec t* ofthe l i k e l i h o o d of exposure to ahazardous substance through a releaseand Uie magni tude or degree of harasfrom such exposure": f l ] Fac tor s thaii n d i c a t e (he presence or l ik e l ihood of -trelease (o the environment: (2) fac torsthat indicate tae nature and quanti ty ofth e s ub s tanc e s p r e s e n t i n g the p o t e n t i a lthreat: and (3) fa c t or s thai indicate thehuman or environmental "targets"p o t e n t i a l l y a l r u k f r o m t h e s i t e . F a c t I K Swithin &ach of these three categories artass igned a oumeric i j value according loa set s cale Once numerical v a l u e s arecomputed Cor each fac t or , the HRS uie&mathemat i ca l f o r m u l a s that r e f l e c t there la t ive importance andInterr e la t i on sh ip e of the various fa c t or slo arrive at a f i n a l s i t e score on a scaleof 0 to 100. The resultant HRS scorerepresents an e s t imate of the r e U t r v e"probability and magnitude of harm tothe human populat ion or sensitiveenvironment fron exposure tohazardous substances aj a result of thecontamination o/ ground water, surfacewater, or air" [47 FR 31180, July ifi.1982). Those sites that score 2BJO orgreater on the HRS are e l i g i b l e for iheN P LUnder the lecond medianwn kra d d i n g s i t e s t o t h e N P L each S ' . b l e n a ydesignate* single site as its (op pr ior i ty .re$ajdleM of She HRS foore. Thismechaoiaai u provided by soclwn105(a)(8](B) ot CERCLA. aa uineoded bySARA which raqrne* IfasU. to the exie/vpraclicable, Uu NPL indudo withm U»100 bJgbeat p/uritec, one f a c i l i t ydesignated by eadi Slate r epr ewDtiru j(he orealrst dao^ar to public he*Hh.welfare, or lha enviroraaent aaMngknown iacsHw* In the State.The tUrd mechanism for l i s t i n gincladad io tba NCP a* 40 CFR300.66{b)(4) (5f FR 37 24. S e p t e m b e r 1&1885), hat ba« Med only in rareinstance*. U allow* oartaia aite* withHRS aooree below 2&SO to be e t t g i b f e fcthe NPL if aJiof Uw f b U o w n g occur:• The Ageecy tof T o x i c Subs taoc eaand DteMM fta^try of the U.S.D e f t t r t c f t e n t ot H e a l t h and HuounScrricea bu tswed a b e n l t h advisory

F e d e r a l Regis .er / yo|. M . N j f i l / F r | H i , .which r e commends d i s s o c i a t i o n or*i n d i v i d u a l s f r o m t h e re lease .

• EPA d e t e r m i n e s t h a i the r e l e a s ep o s e s a s i g n i f i c a n t t h r e a t t o p u b l i ch e a l t h .• EPA a n t i c i p a t e s t h a t i t w i l l be morec o s t - e f f e c t i v e t o u s e i t s r e m e d i a la u t h o r i t y t h a n t o u s e i t s removal

a u t h o r i t y t o r e s p o n d t o th e re l ease .S t a l e s have t h e p r i m a r y r e s p o n s i b i l i t yf o r i d e n t i f y i n g s i t e s , c o m p u t i n g H R Sscores, and s u b m i t t i n g c a n d i d a t e s s i t e sto the EPA Regional O f f i c e s . EPARegiona l O f f i c e s conduct f t q u a l i t ycontrol review o f t h e Sta t e s ' c a n d i d a t es i t e*, and may ass i s t in i n v e s t i g a t i n g .s a m p l i n g , moni t or ing , and scoring s i t e s .Regional O f f i c e may a l s o considerc a n d i d a t e s i t e s in a d d i t i o n to thoses u b m i t t e d by S l a t e * . EPA H e a d q u a r t e r sc o n d u c t s f u r t h e r q u a l i t y assurancea u d i t s to ensure accuracy andcons i s t ency among the various EPA andS t a t e o f f i c e s p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n t h e scoring.The A g e n c y then p r o p o s e s the site* tha tmeet one o f the three criteria for l i s t i n g(and E P A ' s l i s t i n g p o l i c i e s ) a n d s o l i c i t *p u b l i c comment on the p r o p o s a l . Batedon these comments and f u r t h e r reviewby EPA. the A g e n c y de t ermine s f i n a lHRS score* and p l a c e s those s i t e s thats t i l t q u a l i f y f o r t h e f i n a l N P L .

Rev/sod HRS Effective D(*terevision* to

R u l e s d n d R e - z u l d t i o n st h e s e c t i o n doe s c a l l u p o nP r e s i d e n t ' s d e l e g a t e 1 ) t oe s l a b l i s h an e f f e c t i v e d a t e by 24 m o n t h *a f t e r t h e e n a c t m e n i o f SARA (i e . . byOctober ,7.1988). the r e f e r e n c e s to thea p p L c a b i l i t y o f t h e r e v i l e d H R S . a n d t oi n e c on t inued a p p l i c a b i l i t y o f I h ecurrent HRS. are no t t o Ihe d a t e twoyear, a f t e r ,h e e n a c t m e n t o f S A R A b y (ra ther t o t h e e f f e c t i v e d a t e " e s t a b l i s h e dby the Pre s id en t [ E P A " and "such"e f f e c t i v e da l e . EPA has not yete s l a b l u h e d an e f f e c t i v e d a t e f o r t h eHRS revision*.

S e c t i o n 1 0 5 ( c ) ( l ) does no t s t a t e tha t i fno revised HRS is e s t a b l i s h e d oy a d a t ecertain, there wi l l be no HRS until arevised sy s t em is i s sued snd e f f e c t i v e ,nor does it s t a t e that no s i t e s may bel i s t e d in the i n t e r i m per iod . I n d e e d , i ts ta t e* qui t e the o p p o s i t e th e ^^MHRS wi.l remain in e f f e c t until a revisedsystem is m p l a c e and e f f e c t i v e . EPAnote* that when Congres s has wanted topre s cr ibe s p e c i f i c consequences t h a twould r e su l t f r o m a f a i l u r e to take acertain ac t i on , it has e s t a b l i s h e d a, , ^ m , 6 r ' > o v i s i o n , l i k e < « a l ' " s e c t i onJ t 6 ( Q ) ( 2 ) o f C E R C L A a n d s e c t i on3«M(f){3) of RCRA. Congress did not do*o m the case of (he HRS revi s ions ,ii. * t o t e r p r e l a t i o n is c o n s i s t e n t withIhe overall goal of CERCLA toe x p e d i o o u s l y l i s t and addres s p r o b l e mS i t e s In th« n a t i n t t C» C--.I. n- i .

. i. added by SARA (53 FR 51926(December 23.1988); S4 FR 8153( F e b r u a r y 8,1989)). Several commenter*have quest ioned E P A ' . author i ty t o£ «« V LM :?" ** NPL a f l e r Octob«17.1988 (the d a t e 24 month* a f t e r theenactment of SARA), becau*e CERCLAjecaon lOSfcMl). a , .mended J £ g £Uiat EPA ihould revise the HRS by thatr .,«V , J o m m e n f a r i w«ue to"' the0 € . o b e r i 7 ; I M S , d..ai.L e f f e c t i v ei t . ! ? P^P01" ° f section I f t X c U l Lthauhe

-. , aui,7 uwy not retume the-l i s t ing of l i t e s until the HRS revision,aw i s iued and made e f f e c t ive . EPAdisagree* with this interpretetion.i n S S h ? 1 6 ' " " f 1 ? ° f CERCLA MerlonLI?"' P r o v i d e i u s* t o current HRS.nail continue In force until the newHRS become* e f f e c t i v e :

S»wh amended tuuard wnlcinj system shall00 a p p l i e d to uy a l t e or f a c i l i t y to be nswlyU a t t d on the N a f e m e l PrioriU M Ual a f t e r the• f f r c t t v e date taubl i i lwd by the PmldealUnit! such e f f e c t i v e da t e of the re f lat ions.Uie naurd ranking sytiem In e f f e c t onSeptember i. low ehall continue In full foraand e f f e c t .

s i t e s in the nat ion.EPA, 750 F. 2d 905.911 (fffiTCiTioBS)(the purpose o f th e NPL Ii " t o i d e n t i f y ,quickly and I n e x p e n s i v e l y , t i l e s thatjnay warrant fur th e r action underOHCLA"). It i* not r easonable loa t t r i bu t e to Cong«*s the I n t e n t to l eave™ Agency without the means to l i s tMd addre s s s i t e s on the NPL, based•imply on a d e l a y in revi l ing * rule. Tooo *o would harm both the pub l i c andgoal of protect ing h e a l t h and theenvironmentta a d d i t i o n to being the best readingoi me s t a tu t o ry language and thegeneral s ta tu tory intent the Agency1*f a t e r p r e u t i o n U i l i o compelled by thel e g i s l a t i v e hi s tory behind CERCLAwction 10S(c)(l). In the ConferenceR«port on SARA, the l egi s lator* a d o p t e dwe Senate amendment which theynimmarized a* providing that thecurrent HRS shell continue in forcethe new regulation* are in effect."

198 (1966) (emph«i*«ddedtS i m i l a r l y , the report on SARA of theSenate ConuninM on Environment andPubl ic Work* provided that

TV provmon is meant to d e a l w i l h i f u sp-oble* without imeSenrs , W (A cor.unuedtJ i \ process toward a«»e«mg p o l e n t i a l s i l enazardi . listing sues, or of g i n n i n g c l e a n - u pac t ion. I t tvouid n o t a ' f e c i a n y 9 , l e o r f c a l . ' vl i s t e d prior t o th e actual e f f e c t i v e d a t e o f (henew hazard ranking •yitem. nor would itnqain the ranking or fating of any site -jrfacility to be delayed. ' ' ' ( T h ea m e n d m e n t l e a v e s ) I h e p r e s e n t huardranking j y i t e m in o p e r a t i o n u n t i l the moreaccurate hazard ranking s y i t e m can be putinto effect for u tea to be l u t e d t h e r e a f t e r . S,Rep. No. U. 99ih Cong.. lit Ses s , 41 (198M( e m p h a s i s a d d e d ) .

Finally, in ihe f l o o r d e b a t e over theCERCLA amendment s , members ofCongress made their i n t e n t clear.To a l l o w th e A d m i n U t r a t O f t o continuea d d i n g utei to the NPL while ths HRS isbeing nviewed. ihe new amendmen t sB«mde t h t t ihe current HRS be a p p l i e d innlthe e f f e c U v e d e t e of ihe reviled HRS 132Cong. Rec. H S 6 2 4 ( d a i l y ed™ October 8,19881( s t a t e r a e n t o f R e p. E d c h a r t ) ( e m p h a s i aa d d e d ) : and t32 Cong. Rec. S14931 [daily edOctober 3. iu0) ( i t a t e m e n t of Sen. BaucuaL( T ] h e e u i t i n g hazard ranking sy s t emwould continue I n e iTeci u n t i l i h e ' a v i a e d•yitem it m p J 8 C e . Thua. (A* pnvuien shouldnot d i i n i p t progreii to dean up exiai tru NPL•ite* or preclude EPA from lutinff ru*,,!*m the interim until theMRS it revised ainqw*d by icction |105| of the b i lL 131 COHILRec. S11681 |de i ly ed. S e p t e m b e r 18.19651(atat emenl of Sen. Baocus] ( e m p h e i u added).

EPA I n t e n d s to iuue Ihe revised HRSai soon is p o s s i b l e . However , until t h a tnewly propos ed sys t em has beensubje c t to p u b l i c comment and put intoe f f e c t EPA will continue to l i s t s i t e su*ing the currant HRS. in accordancewith CERCLA section I05(c)(l) andCongres s ional intentIV. S t a t u t o r y Requirements *ad L U t i n gPoUde*

CERCLA restrict* Q » A ' s au thor i ty t orespond to certain categories of releasesof nuardou* «ub*taace«, po l lu lanl*. orcontaminant* by expnuly exc lucUngsome substance*, iuch u p t t r o l a u n i .from the reiponse program. In addi t ion.CERCLA .action !05(a)(8)(B) direct*pA to lilt priori ty site* "among" theknown releaie* or threatened releaae*o f n a « r d o u * « u b * t f l i i c e * , p o t l u U n t * orcontaminant*, and *ection 108(fi)(a)(Aldirect* EPA to consider certainenumerated and "other appropr ia t e "f a f t n n In Af,l~- __ i««... _ ..Tii SL. t1**10< IOU* t" • »"««r ofpoUcy. EPA has the di*cretion not to useCERCLA to respond to certain (VM* ofW l f f T For ««ni>ta. EPA ha* cho«nnot to l i s t site* that rwull f r omcontamination associated with f « c i l i t i e *Itemed by the Nuclear ReguiaioryCommission (NRQ. on the grounds t h a iNSC ha* the au thor i ty and e x p e r t i s e loclean up release* f rom those f a c i l i t i e s

/ r j/ F r i d a y . M a r c h 31. 1969 / R u l e s a f l d(48 FK 40661. S e p t e m b e r 8.1 Whereth e s i t eac t i onr runder C E R C L A .naj not be af h e r cwc . EP.\ r.as cho s en tothu«;h LKr C I . A ^y p r c v t d e m i [ n o o t v.u r e spond i however , the A g e n c y l a t e r

«arr»mer o f p o l i c y ar e no t b e i n g p r o p e r l yr e s p o n d e d t o . t h e A g f n r y m a y p l a c e-hem o n t h e N T L T h e l i s t i n g p o l i c i e sand I s t a t u t o r y r equirement s of r e l evancein mis Imal ruie cover Resourcer S S ' r ' S ! ! ? 1 1 2 L d RecoverV A c t ( R C R A )( U S - C . 6901-oOMi) s i t e s . S i t e s w i ths p e c i a l s t u d y wastes.- and minirwwaste s i t e s . and are discussed below.T h e w s and other l i s t i n g po ' j c iw ands t a t u t o r y requirement, have been

e x p l a i n e d in greater d e ta i l in previousf u l e m a k i n g n . the l a t e s t bems1988 (53 FR 23978 and S3 FR8

te/eosei /ro m * M o u / r e Conservationand Reco very Act (RCRA) SitesOn J u n e 10. igae (51 FR 21054). EPAdnnounced a decision on component ofa p o l i c y for the l i s t m j t or the de f erralfrom l i s t i n g on the NPL of severalcategories of non-Federal sites sub***to RCRA S u b t i t l e C cofrectrv?aX^wthonae*. Und C T the pol icy, sites notsub j e c t to RCRA S u b t i u T c corr«tiveaction a u t h o r i t i e s will continue to beplaced on the NPL E x a m p l e , of 4ucbwie* induda: S U W I

• F a c i l i t i e s that ceased treatingslonng. or duposing of haEardouTutastoprior to November 1ft l«ao(th* e f f e c t™d a t e o/ Piuua 1 of the Subuie c"*"*regula t i on s) and to which the RCRAcorrective ac t ion or other author i t i e s ofS u b h t l e C cannot be a p p l i e d• S i l « « which only materialse x empt ed f rom the s t a t u t o r y orregulatory dBfla i i i oa of solid wa«ta «-hazardous waste are nuna«d.• f V m t a > n i K « u - _ _ _ _ _ _ * »_n s wto a c X l v U i e s of RCRA hasaidow wa«tohandlers lo which ROW SubUlia CC0!?ctl™ t cUon authorities do notappry. such as haiardniis wattegenerators or transport*!*, whlei annot required to haw Interim Sutus or «f inal RCRA permitAl»o under At po f i cy , oalain tCRAsites at which S a b t d t e C ctxnctiveaction authorities an available aayalto be!l i iBdinhe7»«lt i»cr|JSi t b(Uattng IB-C- en HKS scowof aiLSB «•grwter) and thay fan within one x r f t t af o l l o w i f l * CAlt jor i ea:* PtcuHtes owned by p^nons^bQgave detoonitiaaed an t n a b f f i ^ y tore»n» a d f f d n o p urridencsd binvocation of f l i t bankru

th er e are a d d i h o n a ] i n d i c a t i o n s that theowner or o p e r a t o r w i l l be unwi!!™ tou n d e r t a k e c orr e c t iv e a c t i o n .• S u e s , a n a l y z e d on a case-by-os«basi s , whose owners or o p e r a t o r s h d v e3 c.e.ir h i s t o r y of u n w i l l i n ^ e b a tou n d e r t a k e correc t ive action.

On A u g u s t 9.1988 (53 FR 30005),p u b l i s h e d a p o l i c y f o r d e t e r m i n i n cwhether R C R A f a o l U i e . are U n w , l U n o , 0p e r f o r m corrective a c t i on s , andLn, r e. r

Je

J8 h o u l d b e P f o p o s e d to the

££ in^ot r p i a l l y l ? n , A T 8 t 9' 1 9 9 f l ("rR 30002). EPA p u b l i s h e d a p o l i c ys ta t emen t requeihng comment on apol icy for de t ermining when an owner/o p e r a t o r should be considered unable to

wteOn J u n e X loee (53 FR 23ff7ej. EPApropo s ed to l i s t RCRA site, in severalother categorie s which the Agency.C |?r^ r*'rtP P r 0 p r i a t c *" Pl«eniei i l onhe NPL Tn«e ca t egor i e s an non- orl a l e f i l e r s converters, protec t ive f i l e r s .and sites h o W i n g p e m i i l s issoed be foreenaclment of the H a z a r d o u s and SrfidW a s t e A m e n d m e n t s of 1984,In today' s f i n a l rule. EPA is sddincfonr s i t e s sub j e c t to S u b t i t l e C correctiveac t i on author i t i e s to the f i n a l NPLT h e s e sites are not s u b j e c t to deferralunder the NPL/RCRA de f e r ra l pohcTbecause (he s i te owners have invokedthe pre l e c t i on of the bankruptcy laws.

Robe** of Special Study WasttoSection 105(g] of CERCLA, asamended by SARA, requires addlUomaJJ o f o n u t t o a b e f o j e s i t e s involving RCRA

.L P^T l*" ""*«•" can be added tothe NPL Section l f l5[g) appl i e s to silesthat It) were not on or pmposed far theNFL as of October 17, 1388 and (2)contain su f f i c i en t quantities of specials tudy wastes us d e f i n e d under HCsection 3001(bU2J idrilMm f l w d s l .3 0 m f b ) l 3 K A J ( U j ( m t o l f l S u t om t o l f l u t o L « a da^l^ lOfi j l o tau i i t l bd ir trB«/o« tKeM sjtea can ba *<kkdto tUN«U SAAA wjeirw thai U« f o U f w t et n f o T T M t i o e U c o a a i d w w i :

* A v m f l a b t e iafomatSoo is to thaq u a n f l r y . t o r f d l F . «rf cmcsotztaiimelnaaaittoa* aobatazmt that arecoartitnanti o f a n y tpeda] s tmi j WMU•t or nAsurt fcoa. ti« facffiJJ?faextert ol or potenttal for retesmf oaAn a z a n u M a - G t M i i t i f u f i B i J c »k. «,.— „

to operatB. and for whichp o t t n t t s i S exposure to lunuai p o p H b f l e ariBDaaaaate and tbo fagin n «'

such haza«ious c o n s t i t u e n t s atf a c i l i t y .T n i s f i n d ! rule i n c l u d e s l l i r e e i , t t . Kc o n t a i n i n g o r p o i e m i a U y c o n l d . r i r us p e c i a l s t u d y w a s t e s EPA has p , . , c t d ,„: h o d o c k e r s a d d e n d a th^i c v d i ^ d ' y f < reach s i t e i h e i n f o r m a t i o n C J ! ! B C f u r . ns e c t i on I 0 5 { g j . T h e a d d e n d a i n c . c j ' e t h es p e c i a l s t u d y u d s t e s p r e s e n t a h.-( j ; j jhuman h e a l t h and th e e n v i r u t i m e r . i . d .- ; , j

t h a t t h e s i t e s s h o u l d b e a d d e d t c - h ( »N P LCERCLA section 125. as a m e n d e d byS A R A , a d d r e s s e s s p e c i a l s t u d yde s c r i b ed in RCRA s e c t i o n3 0 0 1 { b K 3 ) ( A J ( i ) [ f l y a s h a n d rw a s t e s ] . No s i t e s in t h i s rule areto the provi s ions of s e c t ion 125

Releases from Mining SitesTh« Agency' s p o s i t i o n i s thai mminawastes may be hazardous subs tanceip o l l u t a n t s , or c o n t a m i n a n t s underCERCLA and. there fore , m i n i n g wanes i t e s a r e e l i g i b l e f o r t h e N F L T h i sp o s i t i o n was a f f i r m e d in IBBi by theU n i l e d State* Court o f A p p e a l s f o r t h eD i s t r i c t of C o l u m b i a Circuit (Eogtc-Picher Industries. Inc. v. EPA 75a F ?A9ZZ (D.C Or 19«5)J. £Q

T h e A g e n c y ' s po l i cy , prior t o l i l t i n gmiring sites, is to cons ider whether theymight be s a t i s f a c t o r i l y addre s s ed a i ingS t a t e - s h a r e monies f rom the AbandonedMine Land R e c l a m a t i o n ( A M L R ) F u n dunder the re*poo« au(horirie» of uwasrftoe Maobig Ccetrot aad Reclamsnor.Act erf W77 (SMCRA) (e.g, SJ F* 239aa.23993 Uuna 24.1866); 54 FR 10512.10514-IS (VUrcfa 13, togs)}. th« AMLR f u n d sare prunw*y f a r t e a d t d to addranredamation and f e s t o r t l i o n of land «r,dwattr re*owx*3 adrersety a f f e c t e d bypa*l coal moing. Siie* not meeting ih«SMCRA d i f O r i l i t y r^raiwtdenH (e.g.abtadoatd prior to August $. 1977) orlocated te Staen wrttwwt an approvedAM4A Ptaud bow bwra rtwt irwly low*• a nei M _ii^*-»_ ^A*_ i i '- ——«»*i-^«on*w v.n nu «wo raoermybeen bated (fXurdi u ItOft 54 FR INI*IflSM-l*}. f c

-uuMt^ m nrn^n nma wasdesigned primarily t» eddresa coalmintaf •ttsav SUCKA a«od»aa 400 (aaiid (c) ptortitri (to feat** can »s«*—'-'--*j _- ... .. _

ond by ihv rvlraaa of

»M> u wi ixv|0ci • jaeceMarr tar OHprotection of pubt te tMsOth w aaodr. fa bimportant to not* that j f l a e n l h r thadedahm to B » A M L H l b i d i i t •pavf i coUr tit« soaUat wlih dw Slat*coooefseiLS A d l a c a a M d in tha>pruiabhi to Uwrevision* to the WCPfJU fs S U M .Dacaober n. IflttX « draf t poluiyooncoal nuning site* to the

F e d e r a l Regi s t er / V o l . 54. No. 61 / F r i d a y . Ma h n. J9fl9 / Rules and R e g u l a t i o n s 13301S l a t e s choose not to take ac t io i . toj r e s p o n d t o ( h e s i t e under S M C R / . T h eone e x c ep t i on io ih:s is where a S;«Meh a s f u n d e d a ! l o f i ' j known caul a n douncoal m i n i n g p r o j e c t s , and i sp r o p o s i n g !o u s e . t i r e m a i n i n g AV!.RMinds for ;rrpact a s s i s tance |P.S .construction of rc-rids. recreation( a c i l i t i e s . etc.). EFA would not l i s f . dmin ing site i f: (a) the s i t e i s d i scoveredtti a S l a t e where it tvas previous lythough! that all miiung p r o j e c t s hadbeen c o m p l e t e d and impact a s s i s t a n c etad been granted , (b) the site is e l i g i b l etor AMIR f u n d i n g , (d s u f f i c i e n t AMLRf u n d s remain to f u n d the entire re sponse

action, and (d) the Slate - ( l e n d s to uset ho s e f u n d s f o r impact assistance.vV'n.ie comnicr.* is being token on thep o l i c y d i s c u s s e d in ihe p r e a m b l e ^ ^epropo s ed NCP revi s ions . EPA isi n c l u d i n g one noncoal mining site inl o d a y ' s f i n a l rule t o avoid d e l a y i n gp o s s i b l e r emedia l a c t i v i t i e s - T h ea p p l i c a b i l i t y o f SMCRA and the AMLKFund to this s i t e -s discussed below

V . D I S P O S I T I O N O F S I T E S I NT O D A V S F I N A L R L ' L ET h i s f i n a l rule p r o m u l g a t e s 93 s i te s( T a b l e 1] and drops four sites f r omseveral proposed r v J e m a J c i n g s . T h e s e 97

sites are f r om the f o l l o w i n g p r o p o s e du p d a t e s :

• U p d a t e =2 (49 FR -10320. October 1J.1984); 5 sues• U p d a t e *4 (SO FR 37950. S e p t e m b e r

IB. 1935): 2 S i t e s• U p d a t e =5 (51 FR 21099, J u n e 10.

1 S 8 5 J : 15 s i t e s• U p d a t e -6 (52 FR 2491 J a n u a r y 22.

1987): 13 s i t e s• U p d a t e 97 (53 FR 23988. June 24,

1988): 62 situ

T A B L E 1 . — N A T I O N A L PRic.irtiES U S T . N E W F I N A L Srres ( B Y R A * K )

NPl

Ran* S U i a & U A V T W

WW1010to10111111ilI I11f11212f 3

S91151371381151051771M(W2UI t 42582«026632132332432735}351J M371Ml3Mam400404417<«74324364M«l471*7*4774*0SWsaitttwo560SW»7t

MIW»NYMlNCVTPANYTXVTCAWl

N JWtKSLALCTILMMNCPAQANCNUUOPATXNCLAKVOHft .WAWAM)MUNPAPAPAMCAMW tNVMr

Am«ncvi Anodoo. inc.—.„„..,N.W. U*utf* CO-, I n c . ' . . _ ,Qrcutron Con). •—.—.—Doton KotwL we. —...- Em FwrnnQd** —M u t f e g o n — _ — . ,

fbmngton Mine**S f i u t h t m CAM Edaon (VtMti). A H f T W t o w n .

tn<kunty U / W u u Mgmt t tkKM.Nutpnef l Vitay Rotd — — . _ _ _

0*M OuMtM^SlDttr L M d M .T M. A^WJ I NU» (ABwiy).PCX. he. (WMrtnotoft Pun}.Buv,v**f t-L*idm-——.B o M M M F a n w . — — — — .3rtLwrtidu*WTr«tP A f r t t A C M B H C r i f l w M O f t , hL

' , tac. ft*wn* Pttno.wi n OonMptt o* Rwan. he.V W M i P t a t t l s C o . .C«*wtod«*rtiii.Kc-.OWQ»«H Bo«*t**<lJ* tW. U.

Cwtw L M U t f t t M C o . — — — — —n«*W» Paw wort* « Moraga.C * J OhKMi LMwg Co. Ounv.

rtmdPKCOd-

nV RV nVv

Otd Brtd^a TottntftVL• o n w h — — — — — —

mtwi0kS i M r C N y .MriSMton Ta*n§H«>.H o u K n — — — „ — — .i*AMnQt0n.

F »

v n F S

V *V S

*V*y-

UmfcM

HW«E*. o

13302 F e d e r a l Register / V o l . 54, No. 61 / F r i d a y . J j a r c h 31. 1989 / Rules and R e g u l a t i o n s1 . — N A T I O N A L P R t O ' . T I E S L I S T . N E W F I N A L S I T E S ( B Y R A N K ) — Continued

(March *989]

Gr S-ta suits

131313 !13 t

u14141414U15151$1$I S15I S1515161616ie1616161616161717171717171717171717

612 | IN6 2 0 ' N Y6 3 1 i K Y643 I VA652 GA6 6 0 ' N O6 6 4 I N Y6 6 7 ' « .6 6 9 | U I67681666702 CA703706717720726730731734754

ORMJPAN HNY. iM lSCSCM )AX757 OK

756 I GAT65 PA766 OKT75 Hi778 V*790 .A791 XS7M PA604 Ml812 NY813 NYBt0 NCB20 NC822 PA823 Afl629 NJ630 NJ635 CA

Oiposal S«rvica. Inc..Dump*.«,....«.__,., ,___..._......__....__. ___.-...j Confcbn.TnOty a$pot*Co...-H a H inc.. l „_____________.,,___„ ..___._____..... „ l l , . . f - — — — — . U . 1 . U J . , — — — - 4

Pt«r Rcfintcy Co.6«rUty Product! Co. D r f n p

Miftot UndMl .„._....„——...........S t M a ^ L a n c t d U ^ ,LandfdF o f t e r t a m a RafuM -_..—-—BoCbracal Laboratory, tnc...Joiaprt Foract Products-Induitnal Laid Corp.VaSay Wood Praaarw^. Inc. _8ut2Und«lNorton Ocka Ground W H a r Contani^.ConCntnt&l Sla«l C f X p . —J l L U n d t t - . . — . . - . . — .Drum Dump0«po*ai——Penora CfwracaJ WortJ, inc. —.....Alat ta Bittary Entarpnaat..Ooutt* Ea#« Raft.'^ary Co..,Maffxa Broa U (S Marbtt Top Rd)Stnutxre UndNI.....

. Inc. (VA Wood **• Ov)

PertHr-l ScpQc TankABC On» How O««n«i

Ponatoang vaOay Gnxrt Water ConGantan S U t a OMnan Co.Uoctetla Ground Wat tr Contanwt,' • a™>-- -----

D !

* Suu TOP Pnor*r Sd*> &tH «• ptocM n grate (Or) oomrtpondna to fiRMCN ol SO on Vw Anal HfO." V— Vowrtarv or nagcooiad raapona* F-f «j«ry anlofoviwit; 0-C«4agory to ba *H*r™i*± a~*«tarsi and SttM rctoonM; S-Stai«a t-irnaMmflnution acwty undarwty. ona or mar* opanbla untK 0— « mom op*«c(« urai* oo fnpMed otnara msy.CM unteway: — xmOumptotad ior ai oparacMi iMa. actrv

EPA considered all commentsreceived on the»e sites through March 2.1989. Baied oa tha comments receivedon the proposed sites, is well as furtherinve s t i ga t i on by EPA and the State s .EPA recalculated tba HRS scores forI n d i v i d u a l sites where appropriete.E P A ' s response t o s i t e - i p e d f i c pub l i cconunenis and e xp lana t l ona of anyscore change* made as • result of suchcommenia are addreised In the "SupportDocument for the Revised NationalPriori t i e s List ?iaaj Rule. U p d a t e #5."Resource Conservation and RecoveryAct (RCRA) Sites

F o u r site* are s u b j e c t to S u b t i t l e Ccorrective action authorities, but eachc i t e owner has invoked Ihe p r o t e c t i o n o f

the bankruptcy laws. The s i t e s are beingadded to the final NPL under the June1986 policy:* Continental Steel Corp, Kokorao. IN* Pester Ref inery Co., El Dorado, KS* Bofors Nobel Inc.. Muskegon. Ml* M a t t i a c t Petrochemical Co. Inc..Cten Cova, NY tSpecial StudyThree sites containing or p o s s i b l ycontaining special s tudy wts loa arebeing added to the NPL In this nJe. Thesites and the special study w* ate* are:• Gulf Cotat Vacuum Services.Abbevi l l e . LA (oil d r i l l i n g mud andproduced water s)

• PAB Oil & Chemical Service, Inc..Abbeville. LA (oil dr i l l ing mud andproduced waters)* Cleveland Mill Silver City. MM(mining was t e s)

Mining Site*One noncoal mining site. C U v g l a n dWill Silver City. NM. is being added Uthe NPL In this f ina l rule. It waiabandoned prior to the enactment d a t -of SMCRA. Since New Mexico has anapproved AMLR program, the site Up o t e n t i a l l y e l i g i b l e f o r S M C R A f u n d s .However, a v a i l a b l e i n f o r m a t i o nsugge s t s the s i t e will not be addre s s e iunder SMCRA in the f or e s e eab l e f u l uI n f o r m a t i o n o u t l i n i n g N e w M e x i c o ' s

F e d e r a l Regi s t er / V o l . 5 4 . N ' a f t l / P . - . f ' a v . M a r c h J l . 19B9 / md 13303p o s i t i o n on use of AMLR f u n d s at thes i t e i s a v a i l a b l e in the d o c k e tSlate Top Privity

O-ie s i t e b f n g a i j d n d t o t h e f i r . d l N P LV W . M a u i h e Co., A p p i e t o n . V V I .«xe:ved a n H R S score o f t c . J 5 . I t l u sbeen de s igna t ed as a S l a t e top p r i o r i t yA l l crher s i t e s i n t o d a y ' s rule receivedf IRS scores of 2B.50 or above- M a u i h eand o l h e r lower sc ":r.g top p- iun ty s i i e s

a r e ! i s l ~ d d l ( h e b o t t o m o f ' . h e f u s t 1 0 0s i t e s on the \PLScore Revisions

F.1:A has ret i^d the HRS scores tor i:s i t e s based ort us review of c omment s.-tr.d a d d i t i o n a l in f o r m a t i o n ( T a b l e 2! .Some of (he changes have placed thes i t e s in d i f f e r e n t g r o u p s of 50 s i t e s , (nf o u r cases, scores d r o p p e d below thec u i - o f f of 23.50- A c c o r d i n g l y , these f o u rT A B L E 2 . — S I T E S W I T H H R S S C O R E C H A N G E S

s.tes a r e b e ' . i g d r o p p e d f r om t h ep r o p o s e d N ' P L a t t h i s l i m e :

" Mor.tco Research Produc t s . I n c . .M n t l i s l e r . F L

• E.I. Du Punt d e N V n i c u r s & Co.. IRK.( M t i n t n j i ' j c P l a n t ) M o n t a g u e M l

• H u r s t mam" 3 Dump. East H . i l l m r r .M • O l s o n / \ e i h a r l Reservoir.C o u n t y . LT

MRS sowlocation Prnpowi*«-...„_CA._,_...n._—.I N — ^! H — — . ~ ^Ml.Ml-

,...~4 Arttwood ! n c . — — . „ . -,..-...: S o u t f f c m d L f t t o m n Ei iJOnCo- (VH*SJ Pottytrd).—4 Wortco R*s«trch Product!. I n c - . — . — . . — — . „ . .... .J Oougtu Ro*d/Uwoy*L tnc. LtnJH————__,..._J.™..^ Am*nc»n Anodco. I n c .

N Y ,P A . _

E.I. Du Pont eta P4«mourt & Co.. tnc. (Uontagu* Ptmt}J & L Lindf i>_. . M _ •-• —- —- - ________ ..-...-H o n t m m n ' i Dump ., — — — — — .. — ._. —— .__..

U T .V A . _V A . _W A . _ _Wl._.

— — — , S f t w i d t n DtvoulHAH, fc«» Bwn Pit .~— .-. __ .. _ - __ .R«ntuU. Inc. (Vr0noi Wood P t v M r v t f i g 0**on) .—i n^vvna, us* ivi^niB nwj i mvw- j H t f d c n Vitoy Urvi fH f T r v n FaU]

RoCtWStV H d t tEiK KinovwH*««fto»n ...W a f t l c h Ccwrty -Famnglon — — —RKftnood .-__—Ptwc*iTomtt i .

3* -2153.3823.444Z3035.3548J373aoa28.9630.645)-9x306733.7530.0431*7

25.5236.G157^9J523216432.915 1 8 130.1619.903371M J437.934S91

Name RevisionsThe niunea of f our i i t£g «ddres«ed inthis fuul rule bave bs«n changed inreipon*e to in format ion received duringthe comment period (Table 3). Th«cnango jR are intended to r e f l e c t moreaccurately the location, nature, orpart i e s responsible for problems at thesite.

T A B L E 3,—Srrcs W T T H N A M E C H A N G E S& U t * / S 4 « f ima

TABLE 4 —NPL PROPOSALS

P m p O M O N P t . F I n t f N P L

PA

Nor* P«8*-AiM I.Martti P«Hrt

VL E H i i M d t l o n of all Propowd SltM/F a d e i f i J F a c i l i t y SitedTo data, EPA ha* propowd tevmmafor u p d a t e e to the NPL ( T a b l e 4J.

"BT9/8/63. 43 *R 40874 . .1 0 / 1 V M .4/lf)/M, 50 FR 14115 _0 / 1 B / A 5 , 50 FR 379606V10/8S. SI FR 210**.—1/22rt7. 52 FR 2«2«/24/*a.

132/149 Ffl 40320 J 2 0 S / M

2S/438/3

T o W .63/1

72S/63

2/040/4</21 1 / 2

12/327/9153/1?251/22

At thil time, 25t site* and 23 F f i d e n lf a d l i t y i l tea propoaea In Updat0» *1through 7 continue to be propOMdpending c o m p l e t i o n of retpooM tocomment, resolution of technical istuea,and various policy Uauea, Among themare 43 previouily propoMd RCRA »Jte*.On June 24. ISftti (53 FR 23078). EPApropoted acliou on thea« t l tai basedupon the a p p l i c a t i o n of (h* NFL/RCBApolicy.All «t«9 that remain propotod will beconsidered for furura final rules.Although these sites remain propose!the comment periods have not banextended or reopened.

VIL CocSeets of tbe NPLThe 93 new sites cdded to the NPL intoday's nde (Table 1} have beenincorporated into the NPL in order oftheir HRS scores except where EPAmodif i ed Uu order to re f l e c t toppr ior i t i e s de s ignated by the S t a t e s , asdiscussed in greater detail in previousrulemakings. the most recent on J u n e 24,

1968 (S3 FR 23888).The NPL appears at the end of thisf i n a l rule f ind trill be codif ied as pert ofA p p e n d i x B to the NCP. Site* on theNPL are arranged According to theirscores on the HRS. The NPL Is presentedIn groups of 50 sites to emphasize th«lminor d i f f e r enc e s in HRS scores do notnecessarily represent s i g n i f i c a n t l yd i f f e r e n t levels of risk* Except for thef i r s t group, the score range within thegroups, as Indicated In the l i l t , is leuthan 4 point*, EPA considers lha siteswithin a group to have a p p r o x i m a t e l ythe same priority for response actions.For convenieuca, lha site* eranumbered.One t i n t — t b e Lansdowna RadiationS i t e to LattsdawoA, P A — w a s p laced ontb* NPL because it met the requiremsnttof the NCP at M e t f e x t 3COfldjhH4). ase x p l a i n e d in soctkm III of this rule: ithas an HRS tcara law than 2150. andappear s at tha tod of the list.

13304 F e d e r a l Reg i s t e r / V o l . 5 4 . N o . 6 1 / F r i d a y . M d n n 3 1 . l ' J B 9 / R u l e s a n d R e g u l a t i o n sNo new s i t e s have been a d d e d t o th eF e d e r a l f a c i l i t y s e c t i o n o f i h e N P L s incei t was !**l a m e n d e d (54 FR 10512. M , i r r h13. IS89!Each eivy on the NPL c o n t a i n s ihe

n - j m e o f t h e f a c i l i t y a n d t h e S t a t e a n dr i l y o r c o j r J y i n whi ch i t i s l o c d t e d .F o r i n f o r m a t i o n a l p u r p o s e s , eachentr> is a c c o m p a n i e d by one or moren o t a t i o n s r e f l e c t i n g t h e s t a t u s o fresponse and c l e a n u p a c t i v i t i e s al thesesites at the time this l i s t was pr epared .Because t h i s i n f o r m a t i o n may changep e r i o d i c a l l y , the se n o t a t i o n s maybecome o u t d a t e d .Five r e sponse ca t egor i e i are used tod e s i g n a t e the type of responseunderway. One or more ca t egor i e s maya p p l y to each s i t e . The ca t egor i e s are:Federa l a n d / o r S t a t e re sponse ( R ) .F e d e r a l e n f o r c e m e n t ( F ) , S l a t ee n f o r c e m e n t ( S J . V o l u n t a r y o rn e g o t i a t e d r e s pon s e ( V ) , a n d C a t e g o r yto be d e t e r m i n e d (D).S*A also i n d i c a t e s the s t a t u s ofs i g n i f i c a n t C E R C L A - f i n a n c e d or p r i v a t eparty cleanup act ivi t ie s underway orc o m p l e t e d . Thre e c l e a n u p s t a t u s codesare used. Only one is necessary tode s igna t e the s t a t u s o f a c tua l c l e a n u pac t iv i ty at each s i t e since the codes arem u t u a l l y exclusive. The codes *re:I m p l e m e n t a t i o n a c t i v i t i e s are underwayfor one or more o p e r a b l e units (I).I m p l e m e n t a t i o n a c t i v i t i e s are c o m p l e t e dfor one or more {but not all) operableunit* (OJ, and I m p l e m e n t a t i o n act ivi t ie sare c o m p l e t e d for al l operab l e units (C).These categories and codes aree x p l a i n e d in d e t a i l in earl ierr u l e m a k i n R S . the most recent on J u n e 10.1986 |51 FR 21075).VQL Regulatory I m p a c t Analysi s

The cos t s of c l e a n u p act ions that maybe taken el s i t e s are not d i r e c t l ya t t r i b u t a b l e to p la c emen t on the NPL. ase x p l a i n e d below. T h e r e f o r e , the Agencyhas de termined that this rule making isnot« "major" regulat ion unde?Executive Order 12291. EPA hasconducted a preliminary analysi s ofeconomic impl i ca t i on s o f t o d a y ' samendment to the NCP. EPA believesthat the kinds of economic e f f e c t sassociated with this revision aregenerally similar to those e f f e c t si d e n t i f i e d in the regulatory impactanalysis (RIA) prepared In 1932 for therevisions to the NCP pursuant to lec t ion105 of CERCLA end the economicanalysi s prepared when amendments tothe NCP were proposed (SO FR 5882.February 12,1985). The Agency believe*I h e a n t i c i p a t e d economic e f f e c t s relatedto a d d i n g 83 s i t e s to the NPL can becharacter ized in terms of theconclusions of the earl ier RIA and themost racent economic a n a l y s i s . T h i s rule

w a s s u b m i t t e d t o t h e O f f i c e o fM a n a g e m e n t and B u d g e t f or review asrequired by E x e c u t i v e Order 122^1.Costs

EPA has d e t e r m i n e d t h a t t h i sru l e ma k ing is not a "major" r e g u l a t i o nu n d e r E x e c u t i v e O l d e r 12291 becausei n c l u s i o n j f a s i t e o n t h e N P L d o p s n o ti t s e l f i m p o s e a n y cosis. I t docs n o te s t a b l i s h that EPA w i l l n e c e s s a r i l yundertake remedial action, nor does itrequire any ac t i on by a p r i v a t e p a r t y orde t e rmine i t s l i a b i l i t y f o r s i t e r e s p o n s ecosts. C o s t s tha t arise out o f s i t eresponses r e s u l t f r om s i t e - b y - s i t ede c i s i on s about what a c t i on s to lake.not d ire c t ly f r om the ac t o f l i s t i n g i t s e l f .N o n e t h e l e s s , it is u s e f u l to cons ider thecosts associated with r e s p o n d i n g to al ls i t e s i n c l u d e d in t h i s ru l emaking.T h e m a j o r events that f o l l o w t h ep r o p o s e d l i s t i n g of a s i t e on the NPL area search f o r p o t e n t i a l l y r e s p o n s i b l ep a r t i e s and a r emedia l i n v e s t i g a t i o n /f e a s i b i l i t y s t u d y ( R I / F S ) t o d e t e r m i n e i fremedial actions will be undertaken at asite. Des ign and cons truc t ion of these lec ted remedial a l t e r n a t i v e f o l l o wc o m p l e t i o n o f th e Rl/FS, and o p e r a t i o nand maintenance (0AM) a c t i v i t i e s maycontinue a f t e r construction has beenc o m p l e t e d ,EPA i n i t i a l l y bears cos t s as sociatedwith r e s p o n s i b l e p a r t y searches.Respons i b l e p a r t i e s may bear some orall the costs of the Rl/FS. remedialde s ign and construction, and O&M. orEPA and the S t a t e s may share costs.The S t a t e coat share f or s i te c l e a n u pactivit ie s has been emended by section104 of SARA. For privately-owned sites,as well as at p u b l i c l y - o w n e d but notp u b l i c l y - o p e r a t e d s i t e s , EPA will pay for100% of the costs of the RI/FS andremedial p luming, and 90% of the costsassociated with remedial action. TheS t a l e will be re spons ib le for 10% of theremedial action. For publ i c ly-operatedsites, the S t a t e coat share Is at l ea s t 50%of all response costs at the s i t e ,Includ ing the Rl/FS an<i remedial des ignand construction of the remedial actionselected After the remedy is b u i l t , costsfall into two categoriei:* For restoration of ground water andf l u r f a c e water. EPA will share In s tartupcoits according to the criteria In theprevious p a r a g r a p h for 10 years or until• s u f f i c i e n t level of p r o t e c t ! veriess isachieved before the end of 10 years.• For other cleanups. EPA will tharefor up to i year the cost of thul portionof raaponie needed to asiure that aremedy is opera t i ona l and f u n c t i o n a lA f t e r t h a t , t h e S t a t e assumes f u l lr e s p o o s f b i l U i e s f o r O&M.In previous N P L r u l a m a k h g s , theAgency e s t i m a t e d the costs associated

w i t h these a c t i v i t i e s ( R l / F S . r e m e d i a ld e s i g n , r e m e d i a l a c t i o n , a n d O & M 1 o nan a v e r a g e per s i t e and t o t a l cost bas;--E P A w i l l c o n t i n u e w i t h t h i s a p p r o * : . 1 !u s i n g th e most recent (198 f t i coste s t i m a t e s a v a i l a b l e : t h e s e e s t i m a t e s .:>-p r e s e n t e d below. H o w e v e r , t h e r e i swide v a n a t i o n i n co s t s f o r i n d i v i d u a ls i t n s . d e p e n d i n g on the amount . t \ p « ?and e x t e n t o f c o n t a m i n a t i o n .

A d d i t i o n a l l y , EPA is unab l e to p r p d n twhat p o r t i o n s of the t o ta l costsr e s p o n s i b l e p a r t i e s w i l l bear, since t h t ?d i s t r i b u t i o n o f co s t s d e p e n d s on Ihee x t e n t o f v o l u n l a r y and n e g o t i a t e dr e s p o n s e and the success of any cost-recovery actions.

Cost category

R t / P S .............—..........— ........f lwwiai D*wgn ........................Net p t s « f l t value of O&M > ...

1 ( O U l c o s iI par s i te 1

—.....! 1 10000Ci 750 OO"--..„„. M 3 . S O O C O C......; '3.770.0V,

• 1988 US do t t i f s .•tactuds* SUtt cost-snare8 AMUTDM C0*t o< 0AM over JO years. $JQC O/lor 9i J 6r« yur tnd 10X discount ru«.Sot •** Ottct o( Program Man^amenL C«ce -,Em*r>*iCy *nd n*ne<*Qi Raspon*«. U . S . EPACosta to S t a l e s a s s o c ia t ed wi tht o d a y ' s f i n a l rule arise f r o m t h e require

S t a t e cost-share o f : ( ' ! ) 1 0 % o f remedialactions and 10% of f i . s t - y e a r O&M cost*at pr ivate ly-owned s i t e s and s i t e s whic;are publ ic ly-owned but not p u b l i c l y -opera t ed: and (2) at l eas t 50% of ther emedia l p l a n n i n g [ R l / F S a n d r e m e d i a ld e s i g n ) , remedial action, and f i r s t - y e a rO&M costs at p u b l i c l y - o p e r a t e d sites.S t a t e s wi l l assume th e cost f o r O&Ma f t e r E P A ' t period o f p a r t i c i p a t i o n .Using the a s s u m p t i o n s d e v e l o p e d in th-1932 RIA for the NCP. EPA has assumethat 90% of the 03 s i t e s a d d e d to the NIin this raie will be pr iva t e ly-owned en10% will be S t a t e - ot l o c a l l y - o p e r a t e d .T h e r e f o r e , using the budget p r o j e c t i o n :presented above, the cost to S t a t e s ofundertaking F e d e r a l remedial p l a n n i r t ;and actions, but exc luding O&M costswould be a p p r o x i m a t e l y $193 mi l l i on .S t a t e O&M costs cannot be accuratehdetermined because EPA, as notedabove, will share O&M costs for up tcyears for restoration of ground waterand surface water, and it is not knowhow many aite i wiU require th i streatment and for how long. H o w e v e ;bated on paat experience. EPA bel ie>a reasonable estimate ia that it willshare s tar tup costs for up to 10 yean25% of s i t e s . U f ing this estimate. Sta'O&M costs would be a p p r o x i m a t e l yJ008 mi l l i on .Placing a hazard cms wane s i t e unf i n a l N P L dc^s n o t i t s e l f cause f i r m s

F e d e r a l Renter ' V o l . 3 4 . N o . 6 1 , K n d a v . M , , r c h 3 1 . ! f W : J ' R j i . ' s a n d R e g u l a t i o n s 13305r e s p o n s i b l e for tr:e s i t e to bear ccsts.N o n e t h e l e s s , a ! : s ' : n g m a y induce firrr.st" clean up the s -es v o l u n t a r i l y , or it•nay act as a po.er. t iul t n p s p r f f | rsubscqucrt e n f r r ^ p n i t - n t or cost-f i - L O V ' t r y a n t l e r s S j r . i a c f u j i s m.iyi.~.pO«e co s ' s c~ ' ~r**a. bi;l the d e c i s i o n s' o take such * c ' :."<; .ire d ^ c r f t i * o r . u r y<irtd made on a c^ s e - by- c f t s e basis.Cons equen t ly , prec.se e s t i m a t e s of thesee f f e c t s cannot be made. EPA does notb e l i e v e thai every s^e will be cleanedup by a r e s p o n s i b l e par ty. EPA cannotp r o j e c t at this lime which f i rms orindustry sectors will bear s p e c i f i cportions of the response costs, but theA g e n c y considers: tho volume andnature of the waste at the s i t e s : thes trength of the evidence l ink ing thewastes at the s i te to the part i e s; thep a r t i e s ' a b i l i t y to pay: and other fac tor swhen de c id ing whether and how toproceed aga in s t the p a r t i e s .

Economy-wide e f f e c t s o f thi samendment to the NCP are aggregationsof e f f e c t s on f i r m s and S t a t e and localgovernments . A l t h o u g h e f f e c t s could bef e l t by some i n d i v i d u a l f i r m s and S t a t e s .the to tal impact of this amendment onoutput prices, and employment isexpected to be negligible at the nationallevel an was the case in the 1982 R/A.Benefits

The rea! bene f i t s associated witht o d a y ' s amendment p lac ing add i t i ona ls i t e s on the NPL are increased heal thand environment a) pro t e c t i on as d resultof increased pub l i c awareness ofpo t en t ia l hazards, ' n addi t ion t o t h ep o t e n t i a l for more F e d e r a l l y - f i n a n c e 'remedial actions, expansion of the NPtcould accelerate pr ivate ly- f inancedvoluntary cleanup e f f o r t s . Mat ing site*as national priori ty targets may alsogive S t a t e s increased suppor t forf u n d i n g responses et part i cular iite«.

Ai a -esull o f the a d d i t i o n a l C E R C L Aremedie s , t h e r e w i l l be tower humane^pusure to h . g H - n s k chemicals , andr-'g^tr-q^.-u;:)' s u r f a c e waier. p ioundwater. sxl. and nir. T h p s p b e n e f i t s art?e x a c t e d t o b e s i g n i f i c a n t , a l t h o u g hd i f f i c u l t t o e s ' . i m a t e i n advance o fc o m p l e t i n g t h e R I / F S a t these s ; t e s .Assoc ia t ed with the costs ares i g n i f i c a n t p o t e n t i a l b e n e f i t s and costo f f s e t s . The d . s t r i bu t i ona l cost to f i rmsof f i n a n c i n g N f PL remedie s havec o r r e s p o n d i n g "b ene f i t s " in tha t f u n d sexpended for a response generateemployment, d irec t ly or indirec t ly(through purchased materials).IX. Regulatory F l e x i b i l i t y Act Analysis

The R e g u l a t o r y F l e x i b i l i t y Act of 1980requires EPA to review the impac t ofthi s act ion on small ent i t i e s , or c e r t i f ythat the action will not have as igni f i cant impact on a subs tantialnumber of small enti t ie s . By smallent i t i e s , the Act r e f e r s to smal lbusinesses , small governmentjur i sd i c t i ons , and n o n p r o f i torganizations.W h i l e modi f i e s t i on s to the NPL areconsidered revisions to the NCP. theyare not typ i ca l regulatory changes sincethe r ev i5Sens do not a u t o m a t i c a l l yimpose costs. The p lac ing of sites on theNPL does not in i t s e l f require any actionof any private party, nor doei itdetermine the Liabi l i ty of any party forthe coat of cleanup at the i l t e . Further ,no i d e n t i f i a b l e groups ere a f f e c t e d as awhole. A* • consequence. It Is hard topredict impacts on any group. Placing asite on the r PL could increase thelikelihood that adverse impac t s tor e spons ib l e parties f in the f o rm ofcleanup coati) wiU occur, but EPAcannot I don "dry tl f p o t e n t i a l l y a f f e c t e dbusinsai at this time nor estimate thenumber of small businesses that mightI* a f f e c t e d

T h e A g e n c y do e s e x p e c t l h < H c e r t a i ni n d u s t r i e s a n d f i r m s w i t h i n i n d u s t r i e sthe ' f id i ' e caused a p r o p o r t i o n a t e l y h ^hpercentage of waste s i te problems *;ouldbe s 'g-: f i c? .ni!y a f f e c t e d by CERCLAact.ons H o w e v e r . EPA does not e xpe c tthe i m p a c t s f r o m the l i s t i n g o f the s e 93S i t e s t o have a s i g n i f i c a n t economicimpact on a s u b s t a n t i a l number of sn^llbusinesses.In any case, economic impac t s wouldonly occur through enforcement andco«t-recovery ac t ions , which are takena t EPA's d i s c r e t i o n on a s i t e - b y - s i t ebasis. EPA considers many f a c t o r s whendetermining what enforcement actionsto take, inc lud ing not only the f irm'scontr ibut ion to th: prob l em, but also t h e _f i r m ' s a b i l i t y t u pay.The i m p a c t s ( f r o m cost recovery) onsmall governments and nonpro f i torganizations would be determined on as imilar case-by-case basisUs! of S u b j e c t s in 40 CPR Part 300

Air p o l l u t i o n control . Chemica l s ,H a z a r d o u s mater ia l s . I n t e r g o v e r n m e n t a lrelations. Nar-ral resources. Oilpol lu t ion. Heart ing and recordkeepingrequirements. S u p e r f u n d . W a s t etreatment and d i s p o s a l . W a t e r p o l l u t i o ncontrol W a t e r supp ly .Dstr Much 2Z. 196B.

Henry L. laoynt ItActing Astiitant Adauniitrator. Office ofSolid Watte and Emergency Response.Part 30M*«€ND£in

40CFR Part 300 is amended esf o l l o w s :1. The authority citation for Part 300continues ei fo l lows:Authority: U U.&C WOK 42 U AC B82ft 33OAC. l M l ( e K 2 h E.Q. 1173* (M FR 212«):E.0.12580 (SZ PR 29ZS).2. Appendix B of Part 300 li revised tonad a« tet f o r t h below.

APP&IOIX B.—NATIONAL PstmmES Usr f ey RANK) MARCH 1S69

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