PARTICIPANT SOURCEBOOK REGULATION 216
A Training Workshop for USAID/Afghanistan Staff & Partners 24 July-2 August 2016
This document was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development. It was prepared by The Cadmus Group, Inc.
2016 USAID Afghanistan Reg. 216 Training Schedule and Agenda Venue: Community Meeting Room (Can seat 60 comfortably. Seating area outside for small groups, etc.) Room: H112 in SDAI
Group 1: OED, ODG, OAA (ca. 87 USAID staff) Date Office / Sector
Sunday 24 July Monday 25 July
ODG: Democracy and Governance OED: Education OAA: Acquisition and Agreements OFM: Financial Management RLO: Law
Group 2: OEG, OP, OPPD (ca. 85 USAID staff) Date Office / Sector
Tuesday 26 July
Plenary
Wed 27 July
OI: Infrastructure OEG: Econ Growth
Thurs 28 July OPPD: Program and Project Management
Group 3: OAG, OHN, OHA, OFM, RLO, OGender (ca. 65 USAID staff) Date Office / Sector
Sunday 31 July Plenary Monday 1 August
OAG: Agric
Tuesday 2 August OHN + OHA, OFM, RLO, OGender
Group 1 Agenda: OED, ODG, OAA Day 1: Sunday 24 July
Time Duration No. Session Title
9.00 40 min 1 Introductions and Workshop Overview.
Introduction of Afghan environmental law by NEPA.
9.40 40 min 2 Environmentally Sound Design & Management: A Foundation for Environmental Compliance
10.20 25 min 3 Environmental Considerations Video + Discussion: Identifying Environmental Impacts
10.45 40 min 4a Fundamental Skills of Environmental Impact Assessment 11.25 15 min BREAK + transition to construction site visit
11.40 30 min 4b Baseline assessment at construction site: Understanding the definitions of Proposed Action, Baseline, Impacts
12.10 40 min 5a 22 CFR 216: USAID’s Pre-Implementation Environmental Impact Assessment Process
12.50 60 min LUNCH 1.50 10 min 5b Roles Programming Cycle Handout
2.00 30 min 6 Principles of Environmental Monitoring 2.30 15 min BREAK 2.45 75 min 7 “Virtual” Field Visits (Kilombero Valley, Tanzania Scoping)
4.00 40 min Special Topic 1 Environmental Compliance: Language for Use in Solicitations and Awards
4.40 20 min 8 Q&A + wrap up Day 1
Day 2: Monday 25 July
Duration No. Session Title 9.00 60 min 9 Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plans
10.00 60 min 10 Environmental Compliance: Roles, Responsibilities, Processes and Resources
10.15 15 min BREAK 10.45 30 min 11 Climate Change
11.15 45 min Special Topic 2 On Budget /G2G and International Financial Institutions
12.00 60 min LUNCH 1.00 60 min Special
Topic 3 On Budget / Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund (ARTF) 2.00 15 min BREAK
2.15 60 min 12 Reality on the Ground: State of Compliance and “What Would You Do If?”
3.15 30 min 13 Post-Workshop Test & Workshop Evaluation
Group 2 Agenda: OEG, OP, OPPD Day 1: Tuesday 26 July
Time Duration No. Session Title
9.00 40 min 1 Introductions and Workshop Overview.
Introduction of Afghan environmental law by NEPA.
9.40 40 min 2 Environmentally Sound Design & Management: A Foundation for Environmental Compliance
10.20 25 min 3 Environmental Considerations Video + Discussion: Identifying Environmental Impacts
10.45 40 min 4a Fundamental Skills of Environmental Impact Assessment 11.25 15 min BREAK + transition to construction site visit
11.40 30 min 4b Baseline assessment at construction site: Understanding the definitions of Proposed Action, Baseline, Impacts
12.10 40 min 5a 22 CFR 216: USAID’s Pre-Implementation Environmental Impact Assessment Process
12.50 60 min LUNCH 1.50 10 min 5b Roles Programming Cycle Handout
2.00 30 min 6 Principles of Environmental Monitoring 2.30 15 min BREAK 2.45 75 min 7 “Virtual” Field Visits (Kilombero Valley, Tanzania Scoping)
4.00 40 min Special Topic 4 Environmental Assessment (EA) Overview
4.40 20 min 8 Q&A + wrap up Day 1
Day 2: Wed 27 July (OI: Infrastructure + OEG: Econ Growth)
Duration No. Session Title 9.00 60 min 9 Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plans
10.00 60 min 10 Environmental Compliance: Roles, Responsibilities, Processes and Resources
10.15 15 min BREAK 10.45 30 min 11 Climate Change
11.15 45 min Special Topic 5
ESIA for large scale infrastructure construction: focus on Energy generation transmission and distribution (new presentation)
12.00 60 min LUNCH 1.00 60 min Special
Topic 6 Operation and Maintenance Roads + Maintenance (new presentation) 2.00 15 min BREAK
2.15 60 min 12 Reality on the Ground: State of Compliance and “What Would You Do If?”
3.15 30 min 13 Post-Workshop Test & Workshop Evaluation
Day 2: Thurs 28 July (OPPD: Program and Project Management)
Duration No. Session Title 9.00 60 min 9 Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plans
10.00 60 min 10 Environmental Compliance: Roles, Responsibilities, Processes and Resources
10.15 15 min BREAK 10.45 30 min 11 Climate Change
11.15 45 min Special Topic 7 Environmental Assessment Scoping
12.00 60 min LUNCH 1.00 60 min Special
Topic 3 On Budget / Afghanistan Reconstruction Trust Fund (ARTF) 2.00 15 min BREAK
2.15 60 min 12 Reality on the Ground: State of Compliance and “What Would You Do If?”
3.15 30 min 13 Post-Workshop Test & Workshop Evaluation
Group 3: OAG, OHN, OHA, OFM, RLO, OGender Day 1: Sunday 31 July
Time Duration No. Session Title
9.00 40 min 1 Introductions and Workshop Overview.
Introduction of Afghan environmental law by NEPA.
9.40 40 min 2 Environmentally Sound Design & Management: A Foundation for Environmental Compliance
10.20 25 min 3 Environmental Considerations Video + Discussion: Identifying Environmental Impacts
10.45 40 min 4a Fundamental Skills of Environmental Impact Assessment 11.25 15 min BREAK + transition to construction site visit
11.40 30 min 4b Baseline assessment at construction site: Understanding the definitions of Proposed Action, Baseline, Impacts
12.10 40 min 5a 22 CFR 216: USAID’s Pre-Implementation Environmental Impact Assessment Process
12.50 60 min LUNCH 1.50 10 min 5b Roles Programming Cycle Handout
2.00 30 min 6 Principles of Environmental Monitoring 2.30 15 min BREAK 2.45 75 min 7 “Virtual” Field Visits (Kilombero Valley, Tanzania Scoping)
4.00 40 min Special Topic 4 Environmental Assessment (EA) Overview
4.40 20 min 8 Q&A + wrap up Day 1
Day 2a: Monday 1 August (OAG: Agric) Duration No. Session Title
9.00 60 min 9 Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plans
10.00 60 min 10 Environmental Compliance: Roles, Responsibilities, Processes and Resources
10.15 15 min BREAK 10.45 30 min 11 Climate Change
11.15 45 min Special Topic 8 Pesticides / PERSUAP
12.00 60 min LUNCH 1.00 60 min Special
Topic 7 EA Scoping 2.00 15 min BREAK
2.15 60 min 12 Reality on the Ground: State of Compliance and “What Would You Do If?”
3.15 30 min 13 Post-Workshop Test & Workshop Evaluation
Day 2b: Tuesday 2 August (OHN + OHA, OFM, RLO, OGender)
Duration No. Session Title 9.00 60 min 9 Environmental Mitigation and Monitoring Plans
10.00 60 min 10 Environmental Compliance: Roles, Responsibilities, Processes and Resources
10.15 15 min BREAK 10.45 30 min 11 Climate Change
11.15 45 min Special Topic 9 Medical Waste Management
12.00 60 min LUNCH 1.00 60 min Special
Topic 8 Pesticides / PERSUAP 2.00 15 min BREAK
2.15 60 min 12 Reality on the Ground: State of Compliance and “What Would You Do If?”
3.15 30 min 13 Post-Workshop Test & Workshop Evaluation
7/11
/201
61
Envi
ronm
enta
lly S
ound
Des
ign
& M
anag
emen
t: A
Fou
ndat
ion
for
Envi
ronm
enta
l Com
plia
nce
GEM
S En
viro
nmen
tal C
ompl
ianc
e-ES
DM
Tra
inin
g Se
ries
Kab
ul ▪
July
/ A
ugus
t 20
16
•W
ebst
er’s
defin
es it
as “
The
tota
lity
of c
ircum
stan
ces
surr
ound
ing
an
orga
nism
or
grou
p of
org
anis
ms,
espe
cial
ly:
–T
he c
ompl
ex o
f phy
sica
l, ch
emic
al, a
nd b
ioti
c fa
ctor
s (e
.g.
clim
ate,
soi
l, an
d liv
ing
thin
gs) t
hat
affe
ct a
nd in
fluen
ce t
he g
row
th,
deve
lopm
ent,
and
surv
ival
of a
n or
gani
sm o
r an
eco
logi
cal
com
mun
ity
–T
he c
ompl
ex o
f soc
ial a
nd c
ultu
ral c
ondi
tion
saf
fect
ing
the
natu
re o
f an
indi
vidu
al o
r co
mm
unity
”.
U
SAID
’s en
viro
nmen
tal p
roce
dure
s ar
e co
ncer
ned
with
the
“na
tura
l an
d ph
ysic
al e
nviro
nmen
t,” b
ut in
pra
ctic
e, s
ocia
l and
cul
tura
l iss
ues
are
ofte
n no
t se
para
ble
7/11
/201
62
ENV
IRO
NM
ENT
–T
HE
BIG
PIC
TU
RE
WH
AT IS
EN
VIR
ON
MEN
T?
Wha
t ar
e so
me
“big
-pic
ture
” en
viro
nmen
tal t
rend
s af
fect
ing
hum
an h
ealth
and
liv
elih
oods
in A
fgha
nist
an? A
re t
hey
impo
rtan
t th
ere?
7/11
/201
63
1. P
OPU
LAT
ION
GRO
WT
H
* A
ll da
ta: “
med
ium
var
iant
” pr
ojec
tion.
U
N P
opul
atio
n D
ivis
ion
(htt
p://e
sa.u
n.or
g/w
pp/u
npp/
pane
l_po
pula
tion.
htm
)
Incr
ease
d de
man
ds fo
r w
ater
, lan
d,
timbe
r, en
ergy
, inf
rast
ruct
ure
& s
ocia
l ser
vice
s. In
crea
sed
was
te p
rodu
ctio
n.
LEA
DS
TO
Incr
easi
ng
Popu
latio
n in
A
fgha
nist
an
UN
Pop
ulat
ion
estim
ates
:*
2015
2050
%
chan
ge
Wor
ld**
7.35
bn
9.67
bn
+32%
Asi
a4.
4 bn
5.3b
n+2
0%
Cen
tral A
sia
395
mn
863
mn
+118
%
Afg
hani
stan
32.5
mn
56 m
n+7
2%
Less
-D
evel
oped
R
egio
ns**
6.03
bn
7.99
bn
+32.
5%
LDC
s93
1 m
n1.
73 b
n+8
6%
7/11
/201
64
2. U
RBA
NIZ
ATIO
N
* U
N P
opul
atio
n D
ivis
ion
(htt
p://e
sa.u
n.or
g/un
pd/w
up/h
ighl
ight
s/w
up20
14-h
ighl
ight
s/w
up20
14/p
df
Incr
ease
d ur
ban
envi
ronm
enta
lhe
alth
haz
ards
(gi
ven
poor
or
no m
unic
ipal
sa
nita
tion
& w
aste
man
agem
ent
capa
city
).
LEA
DS
TO
Mos
t ur
ban
grow
th in
th
e ne
xt 3
5 ye
ars
in
deve
lopi
ng c
ount
ries
Urb
an p
op a
s %
of t
otal
Aver
age
annu
al
rate
of c
hang
e (2
010-
2015
)20
1520
50
Wor
ld**
54%
66%
0.9%
Afg
hani
stan
27%
46%
4%
Asi
a48
.1%
64%
2.2%
Less
-Dev
elop
ed
Reg
ions
**48
%63
%1.
2%
LDC
s**
31%
49%
1.7%
Urb
an p
opul
atio
n w
ill g
row
mor
e th
an 2
X a
s fa
st a
s ru
ral p
opul
atio
n fo
r th
e fo
rese
eabl
e fu
ture
UN
Pop
ulat
ion
estim
ates
:*
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E5
Glo
bal c
hang
e +
popu
latio
n gr
owth
=IN
CR
EASE
D W
ATER
ST
RES
SG
reat
est
impa
cts
on p
oor,
subs
iste
nce
agri
cultu
re.
•M
uch
of U
SAID
’s po
rtfo
lio in
the
reg
ion
is a
lread
y a
dire
ct r
espo
nse
to
or d
irect
ly a
ffect
ed b
y th
ese
envi
ronm
enta
l tre
nds
•Bu
t go
od d
evel
opm
ent
does
not
sim
ply
resp
ond
to e
xter
nal
envi
ronm
enta
l cha
lleng
es. G
ood
deve
lopm
ent
…
–is
AW
AR
Eof
its
pote
ntia
l adv
erse
impa
cts
on e
cosy
stem
s, en
viro
nmen
tal r
esou
rces
and
env
iron
men
tal q
ualit
y an
d
–P
RO
AC
TIV
ELY
see
ks t
o lim
it th
ese
adve
rse
impa
cts,
part
icul
arly
whe
re t
hey
affe
ct h
ealt
h an
d liv
elih
oods
7/11
/201
66
ENV
IRO
NM
ENT
AN
D D
EVEL
OPM
ENT
AR
E N
OT
SE
PAR
ABL
E
Why
? To
avo
id M
ISTA
KES
…
7/11
/201
67
•So
met
imes
obv
ious
(pre
viou
s ex
ampl
es)
•Bu
t of
ten
diffi
cult
to fo
rese
e, p
redi
ct
WH
Y A
RE
“EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
MIS
TAK
ES”
MA
DE?
Ofte
n ro
oted
in a
few
co
mm
on d
esig
n pr
oble
ms
!
Failu
re t
o pl
an fo
r th
e ef
fect
s of
in
crea
sed
scal
e
Igno
ring
eco
nom
ic-e
nviro
nmen
tal
linka
ges
Failu
re t
o un
ders
tand
sys
tem
co
mpl
exity
Des
igni
ng fo
r av
erag
e co
nditi
ons
7/11
/201
68
•T
he e
nviro
nmen
tal e
ffect
s of
a
smal
l-sca
le a
nim
al h
usba
ndry
pr
ojec
t m
ay b
e m
inor
•BU
T if
the
pro
ject
is s
ucce
ssfu
l, an
d m
any
mor
e in
divi
dual
s be
gin
to h
old
larg
er n
umbe
rs o
f an
imal
s, se
riou
s pr
oble
ms
may
ar
ise.
. .
–H
ealth
haz
ards
from
ani
mal
w
aste
. .
–Fo
dder
sho
rtag
es (m
ay le
ad t
o ov
ergr
azin
g an
d er
osio
n an
d/or
land
con
flict
s)
CO
MM
ON
RO
OT
CA
USE
S #1
Fa
ilure
to
plan
for
the
effe
cts
of
incr
ease
d sc
ale
Or,
failu
re to
pla
n fo
r suc
cess
!
Live
stoc
k fa
rmer
s sh
are
best
pra
ctic
es a
nd le
sson
s le
arne
d on
car
ing
for
new
born
lam
bs, v
acci
natin
g an
d de
wor
min
g liv
esto
ck, s
afel
y pr
epar
ing
dair
y pr
oduc
ts, a
nd p
reve
ntin
g co
mm
on d
isea
ses
in li
vest
ock
from
acr
oss
five
dist
rict
s in
Her
at P
rovi
nce.
7/11
/201
69
Thi
s sc
hool
hous
e is
bei
ng r
ebui
lt in
m
akes
hift
fash
ion
with
pla
nk w
alls
an
d a
split
-bam
boo
roof
.
Why
?
Stro
ng w
inds
rip
ped
the
alum
inum
sh
eet
roof
ing
off t
he “
perm
anen
t”
stru
ctur
e an
d to
pple
d th
e la
ndcr
ete
wal
ls.
In t
his
area
, one
or
two
stor
ms
ever
y 5
year
s ty
pica
lly h
ave
win
ds o
f thi
s st
reng
th.
CO
MM
ON
RO
OT
CA
USE
S #2
D
esig
ning
for
aver
age
cond
ition
s, no
t ex
pect
ed v
aria
bilit
y
Oth
er “
aver
age
cond
ition
s”
to b
e ca
refu
l of:
Rai
nfal
l, tid
es, w
ater
tab
les.
. . W
hat
else
?
Glo
bal c
hang
e w
ill a
ffect
bo
th a
vera
ge c
ondi
tions
&
expe
cted
var
iabi
lity
7/11
/201
610
•H
ouse
hold
con
sum
ptio
n de
pend
s on
inco
me
•Su
cces
s in
rai
sing
inco
me
in a
co
mm
unity
may
incr
ease
–de
man
d fo
r bu
ildin
g m
ater
ials
(b
rick
& t
imbe
r)
–th
e nu
mbe
r of
live
stoc
k
–de
man
d fo
r w
ater
–ge
nera
tion
of w
aste
, inc
ludi
ng
disp
osab
le p
acka
ging
CO
MM
ON
RO
OT
CA
USE
S #3
Ig
nori
ng e
cono
mic
-en
viro
nmen
tal l
inka
ges
All
can
have
sig
nific
ant
adve
rse
envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
s!
Anot
herf
ailu
re to
pla
n fo
r suc
cess
!
7/11
/201
611
Pond
s ex
cava
ted
for
fill t
o bu
ild-u
p gr
ound
leve
l in
villa
ges
for
flood
pr
otec
tion
CO
MM
ON
RO
OT
CA
USE
S #4
Fa
ilure
to
unde
rsta
nd s
yste
m
com
plex
ity
Toda
y ~3
000
Bang
lade
shis
die
eac
h ye
ar o
f A
s-in
duce
d ca
ncer
; 2 m
nliv
e w
ith c
hron
ic A
spo
ison
ing
Pond
s pr
ovid
ed a
sou
rce
of o
rgan
ic
carb
on w
hich
set
tles
to b
otto
m o
f po
nd, s
eeps
und
ergr
ound
and
is
met
abol
ized
by
mic
robe
s
Cre
ates
che
mic
al c
ondi
tions
that
cau
se
natu
rally
occ
urri
ng a
rsen
ic t
o di
ssol
ve
out
of t
he s
edim
ents
and
soi
ls a
nd
mov
e in
to g
roun
dwat
er
Cre
ated
con
ditio
ns fo
r m
ass
arse
nic
pois
onin
g w
hen
villa
ges
switc
hed
from
su
rfac
e w
ater
to
“cle
aner
” tu
be w
ells
.
Phot
o: U
NES
CO
-IHE
In s
hort
, how
can
we
achi
eve
. . .
Envi
ronm
enta
lly S
ound
Des
ign
& M
anag
emen
t (E
SDM
)?
7/11
/201
612
HO
W C
AN
WE
AVO
ID T
HES
E EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
MIS
TAK
ES (
AN
D
MA
XIM
IZE
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L BE
NEF
ITS)
?
1.Be
pre
vent
ion-
orie
nted
2.A
pply
bes
t de
velo
pmen
t pr
actic
es t
o en
viro
nmen
tal a
spec
ts o
f the
act
ivity
3.Be
sys
tem
atic
7/11
/201
613
HO
W D
O W
E A
CH
IEV
E ES
DM
?
3 BA
SIC
RU
LES:
•Pr
even
tion
occu
rs a
cros
s th
e pr
ojec
t lif
ecyc
le—
but
it st
arts
w
ith d
esig
n!
7/11
/201
614
HO
W D
O W
E A
CH
IEV
E ES
DM
?1.
Be
prev
entio
n-or
ient
ed
1.Im
plem
ent d
esig
n de
cisio
ns
2.Bu
ild c
apac
ity fo
r en
viron
men
tally
sou
nd o
pera
tion
Des
ign
Con
stru
ct/ i
mpl
emen
tO
pera
te(m
ay in
clude
han
dove
r)D
ecom
mis
sion
(in s
ome
case
s)
Mak
e de
cisio
ns a
bout
site
, tec
hniq
ue a
nd
oper
atin
g pr
actic
es to
min
imiz
e im
pact
s1.
Impl
emen
t & m
aint
ain
prop
er o
pera
tion
2.M
onito
r the
act
ivity
and
its
impa
cts
7/11
/201
615
•Pr
even
tion
star
ts w
ith D
ESIG
N
•D
ESIG
N s
tart
s w
ith t
he c
hoic
e of
mea
ns
•En
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts
are
1 fa
ctor
con
side
red
ESD
M IS
PR
EVEN
TIO
N-O
RIE
NT
ED
Obj
ecti
ve:
Impr
ove
agric
ultu
ral p
rodu
ctivi
ty
Poss
ible
mea
ns:
How
do
we
choo
se?
Cha
nge
use
of
agri
cult
ural
inpu
ts?
Intr
oduc
e im
prov
ed
crop
var
ieti
es?
Cha
nge
cult
ivat
ion
prac
tice
s?
App
ly g
ener
al b
est
deve
lopm
ent
prac
tices
…
HO
W D
O W
E A
CH
IEV
E ES
DM
?2.
APP
LY B
EST
PR
AC
TIC
ES
AN
D d
esig
n fo
r cl
imat
e ch
ange
…to
env
ironm
enta
l asp
ects
of t
he a
ctiv
ity
A t
echn
ical
ly
soun
d de
sign
To b
uild
ben
efic
iary
cap
acity
&
stak
ehol
der
com
mitm
ent
To d
esig
n fo
r th
e lo
cal
soci
al &
pol
icy
cont
ext
To a
djus
t w
hat
we
do a
s re
sults
com
e in
7/11
/201
617
•En
viro
nmen
tal a
pplic
atio
n:
–T
he d
esig
n m
ust
be a
ppro
pria
te fo
r lo
cal
envi
ronm
enta
lcon
ditio
ns (r
ainf
all,
tem
pera
ture
, so
ils, f
lood
, dro
ught
and
ear
thqu
ake
pote
ntia
l, th
e bu
ilt e
nviro
nmen
t)ta
king
into
acc
ount
like
ly
clim
ate
chan
ge.
BP #
1: T
ECH
NIC
ALL
Y S
OU
ND
DES
IGN
For
exam
ple:
App
ropr
iate
cho
ice
of s
iting
?
For
exam
ple:
A
ppro
pria
te c
hoic
e of
cr
ops
or t
rees
?
Less
tha
n 10
m
Uns
cree
ned
sim
ple
pit
latr
ines
A n
ewly
co
nstr
ucte
d op
en-a
ir
kitc
hen
…R
ainf
all,
tem
pera
ture
, soi
ls,
flood
, dro
ught
, and
ear
thqu
ake
pote
ntia
l, th
e bu
ild e
nviro
nmen
t…
BP #
2: D
ESIG
N F
OR
TH
E PO
LIC
Y A
ND
SO
CIA
L C
ON
TEX
T
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
PPLI
CAT
ION
S:
Com
plia
nce
with
nat
iona
l and
lo
cal e
nviro
nmen
tal
law
s an
d po
licie
s
Lang
uage
, lit
erac
yEn
viro
nmen
tal m
anag
emen
t m
easu
res
mus
t be
mat
ched
to
cap
abili
ties
NR
M a
nd la
nd t
enur
eA
ctiv
ities
util
izin
g la
nd a
nd
othe
r na
tura
l res
ourc
es m
ust
be c
ompa
tible
with
loca
l NR
M
and
land
ten
ure
land
and
res
ourc
e ri
ghts
are
of
ten
gend
er-s
peci
fic
7/11
/201
619
•Lo
cal b
enef
icia
ries
nee
d to
be
tra
ined
and
com
mitt
ed
to: –
envi
ronm
enta
lly s
ound
op
erat
ion
–m
aint
ain
the
equi
pmen
t/ s
truc
ture
BP #
3: B
UIL
D S
TAK
EHO
LDER
C
OM
MIT
MEN
T &
CA
PAC
ITY
Who
will
mai
ntai
n it?
Who
will
ope
rate
it?
Envi
ronm
enta
l app
licat
ion:
Prop
er m
aint
enan
ce a
nd
oper
atio
n ar
e cr
itica
l to
cont
rolli
ng e
nviro
nmen
tal
impa
cts
7/11
/201
620
. . . A
ND
INVO
LVE
TH
E LO
CA
L C
OM
MU
NIT
Y
Ethi
cs r
equi
re it
(env
ironm
enta
l jus
tice)
Loca
l res
iden
ts m
ust
live
with
the
env
ironm
enta
l im
pact
s of
act
iviti
es!
•How
ofte
n do
es t
he r
iver
floo
d?
•How
ofte
n ar
e cr
ops
rota
ted?
•Is
ther
e a
land
ten
ure
prob
lem
?
•Wha
t do
peo
ple
valu
e an
d ne
ed?
LOC
AL
KN
OW
LED
GE
is c
ritic
al
LIST
EN t
o th
eco
mm
unity
TALK
to
both
men
and
wom
en
7/11
/201
621
BP #
4: A
DJU
ST W
HAT
WE
DO
AS
RES
ULT
S C
OM
E IN
•A p
roje
ct b
udge
t th
at fu
nds
envi
ronm
enta
l mon
itori
ng
•The
flex
ibili
ty t
o ad
apt
the
proj
ect
in r
espo
nse
to
unan
ticip
ated
adv
erse
im
pact
s
•Adj
ustin
g im
plem
enta
tion
of
our
proj
ect
base
d on
the
ex
peri
ence
s of
oth
ers
Ada
ptiv
e en
viro
nmen
tal
man
agem
ent
requ
ires:
•Pr
actic
e A
dapt
ive
man
agem
ent
–ad
just
ing
impl
emen
tatio
n of
our
ac
tivity
bas
ed o
n re
sults
from
the
fie
ld
•If
our
activ
ity h
as u
nint
ende
d en
viro
nmen
tal c
onse
quen
ces,
we
need
to
DO
SO
ME
TH
ING
A
BO
UT
IT!
Com
mun
itie
s ar
e of
ten
esse
ntia
l to
mon
itor
ing
resu
lts
from
the
fiel
d
7/11
/201
622
BP #
5: D
ESIG
N F
OR
CLI
MAT
E C
HA
NG
E
•A
s pr
evio
usly
men
tione
d, c
limat
e ch
ange
will
affe
ct fu
ture
ba
selin
e co
nditi
ons—
proj
ects
mus
t be
des
igne
d to
be
ROBU
ST t
o th
ese
cond
ition
s
•W
hile
indi
vidu
al p
roje
cts
are
rare
ly s
igni
fican
t co
ntri
buto
rs
to G
CC
, clim
ate
chan
ge is
dri
ven
by t
he s
um o
f man
y sm
all
actio
ns
•Ev
en s
mal
l-sca
le p
roje
cts
shou
ld s
eek
to r
educ
e G
HG
em
issi
ons/
incr
ease
seq
uest
ratio
n an
d re
duce
clim
ate
vuln
erab
ility
in t
he lo
cal a
rea
in a
man
ner
cons
iste
nt w
ith
thei
r de
velo
pmen
t ob
ject
ives
-T
HIS
IS U
SAID
PO
LIC
Y!
7/11
/201
623
•Pri
oriti
ze w
ater
effi
cien
cy t
o re
duce
a p
roje
ct’s
cont
ribu
tion
to t
he a
rea’s
futu
re w
ater
str
ess
RED
UC
E C
LIM
ATE
VU
LNER
ABI
LIT
Y IN
TH
E LO
CA
L A
REA
•Tre
e Pl
antin
g
•Lan
d m
anag
emen
t (s
usta
inab
le g
razi
ng, c
ropp
ing)
INC
REA
SE S
EQU
EST
RAT
ION
USA
ID p
artn
ered
with
the
Min
istr
y of
A
gric
ultu
re, I
rrig
atio
n an
d Li
vest
ock
to
help
Afg
han
farm
ers
impr
ove
thei
r pr
oduc
tivity
thr
ough
the
Reg
iona
l A
gric
ultu
ral D
evel
opm
ent
Prog
ram
-So
uth.
•Use
alte
rnat
ive
ener
gy (P
V, w
indm
ill
wat
er p
umpi
ng, e
tc)
•Im
prov
e th
erm
al p
erfo
rman
ce in
bu
ildin
g de
sign
•Buy
car
bon
offs
ets
for
int’l
tra
vel.
RED
UC
E G
HG
EM
ISSI
ON
S
BEST
PR
AC
TIC
E: D
ESIG
N
FOR
CLI
MAT
E C
HA
NG
E
EXA
MPL
E A
CT
ION
S IN
SM
ALL
-SC
ALE
PRO
JEC
TS:
1.Be
pre
vent
ion-
orie
nted
2.A
pply
bes
t de
velo
pmen
t pr
actic
es t
o en
viro
nmen
tal a
spec
ts o
f the
act
ivity
3.BE
SYS
TEM
ATIC
7/11
/201
624
NO
W, R
ULE
3 F
OR
AC
HIE
VIN
G E
SDM
:
•Tak
e a
syst
emat
ic lo
ok a
t:
–th
e po
ssib
le a
dver
se
envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
s of
an
activ
ity–
way
s to
red
uce
thes
e im
pact
s
HO
W D
O W
E A
CH
IEV
E ES
DM
?3.
BE
SYST
EMAT
IC
TH
E BE
ST W
AY T
O B
E SY
STEM
ATIC
: EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
IMPA
CT
ASS
ESSM
ENT
(EIA
)!
KELLY RAMUNDO, USAID
7/11
/201
626
Tha
nk y
ouT
hank
you
7/11
/201
61
Fund
amen
tal S
kills
of
Envi
ronm
enta
l Im
pact
Ass
essm
ent
(EIA
)
GEM
S En
viro
nmen
tal C
ompl
ianc
e-ES
DM
Tra
inin
g Se
ries
Kab
ul ▪
July
/ A
ugus
t 20
16
•D
efin
e En
viro
nmen
tal I
mpa
ct A
sses
smen
t (E
IA)
•Ex
plai
n th
e EI
A p
roce
ss
•D
evel
op fu
ndam
enta
l EIA
ski
lls; l
earn
bas
ic a
ppro
ach
•Ill
ustr
ate
EIA
fram
ewor
k as
the
inte
rnat
iona
lly a
ccep
ted
stan
dard
pr
oces
s fo
r ac
hiev
ing
ESD
M
•Es
tabl
ish
EIA
as
the
basi
s of
USA
ID E
nviro
nmen
tal P
roce
dure
s
7/11
/201
62
SESS
ION
OBJ
ECT
IVES
:
7/11
/201
63
•A
form
al p
roce
ss fo
r id
entif
ying
:
–lik
ely
effe
cts
of a
ctiv
ities
or
proj
ects
on
the
envi
ronm
ent,
and
on
hum
an h
ealth
and
wel
fare
–m
eans
and
mea
sure
s to
m
itiga
te &
mon
itor
the
se
impa
cts
EIA
A SOURAVKARMAKAR
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L IM
PAC
T
ASS
ESSM
ENT
IS
7/11
/201
64
WH
AT IS
AN
AC
TIV
ITY
?
•A d
esire
d ac
com
plis
hmen
t or
out
put.
•A p
roje
ct o
r pr
ogra
m m
ay
cons
ist
of m
any
activ
ities
.
An
activ
ity is
:
AC
TIV
ITY:
incr
ease
ric
e pr
oduc
tion
AC
TIO
NS:
•Pro
vide
inpu
ts (
seed
, fe
rtili
zer,
pest
icid
es)
•Des
ign
and
cons
truc
t ir
riga
tion
infr
astr
uctu
re
•Inc
reas
ed a
cces
s to
fin
ance
, len
ding
•Roa
d re
habi
litat
ion
•Cap
acity
bui
ldin
g an
d te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e
Acc
ompl
ishi
ng a
n ac
tivity
req
uire
s a
set
of a
ctio
ns o
rin
terv
enti
ons
WH
AT A
RE
SOM
E O
F YO
UR
AC
TIV
ITIE
S?
TH
E EI
A P
ROC
ESS
EXA
MIN
ES T
HE
IMPA
CT
S O
F A
CT
IVIT
IES.
7/11
/201
65
TH
E EI
A P
ROC
ESS
Phas
e I:
Initi
al in
quir
ies
•U
nder
stan
d pr
opos
ed
activ
ities
•Sc
reen
act
iviti
es
•C
ondu
ct p
relim
inar
y as
sess
men
t (if
nee
ded)
Phas
e II:
Full
EIA
stu
dy (i
f nee
ded)
•Sc
ope
•Ev
alua
te b
asel
ine
situ
atio
n•
Iden
tify
and
choo
se
alte
rnat
ives
•Id
entif
y an
d ch
arac
teri
ze
pote
ntia
l im
pact
s of
pr
opos
ed a
ctiv
ity a
nd e
ach
alte
rnat
ive
•D
evel
op m
itiga
tion
and
mon
itori
ng
•C
omm
unic
ate
and
docu
men
t th
roug
hout
Mos
t USA
ID a
ctivi
ties
do N
OT p
roce
ed to
a fu
ll EI
A st
udy
7/11
/201
66
PHA
SE I
OF
TH
E EI
A P
ROC
ESS
SCR
EEN
TH
E A
CT
IVIT
Y
Base
d on
the
N
ATU
RE
of t
he
activ
ity, w
hat
leve
l of
envi
ronm
enta
l an
alys
is is
in
dica
ted?
CO
ND
UC
T A
PR
ELIM
INA
RY
ASS
ESSM
ENT
A r
apid
, si
mpl
ified
EIA
st
udy
usin
g si
mpl
e to
ols
(e.g
. the
U
SAID
IEE)
AC
TIV
ITY
IS
OF
MO
DE
RA
TE
OR
UN
KN
OW
NR
ISK
SIG
NIF
ICA
NT
A
DV
ER
SE
IMPA
CT
S P
OSS
IBLE
SIG
NIF
ICA
NT
A
DV
ER
SE
IMPA
CT
S V
ERY
UN
LIK
ELY
AC
TIV
ITY
IS
LOW
RIS
K(O
f its
na
ture
, ver
y un
likel
y to
ha
ve s
igni
fican
t a
dver
se
impa
cts)
AC
TIV
ITY
IS
HIG
H R
ISK
(Of i
ts
natu
re, l
ikel
y to
hav
e si
gnifi
cant
adv
erse
im
pact
s)
Phas
e II
Phas
e I
UN
DER
STA
ND
PR
OPO
SED
A
CT
IVIT
Y
WH
Y is
the
ac
tivity
bei
ng
prop
osed
?
WH
ATis
bei
ng
prop
osed
?
BEG
IN
FULL
EI
A
STU
DY
*app
rova
l is
CO
ND
ITIO
NA
L on
any
miti
gatio
nsp
ecifi
ed b
y th
e pr
elim
inar
y as
sess
men
t bei
ng
impl
emen
ted
Doc
umen
t an
d su
bmit
for
appr
oval
*
7/11
/201
67
PHA
SE I:
SC
REE
N T
HE
AC
TIV
ITY
Ans
wer
ing
thes
e qu
estio
ns
does
NO
T:
SCR
EEN
EA
CH
AC
TIV
ITY
SC
RE
EN
ING
ask
s a
very
bas
ic s
et o
f qu
estio
ns a
bout
the
activ
ity.
EX
AM
PLE
SC
RE
EN
ING
QU
ES
TIO
NS
:
•D
oes
the
activ
ity in
volv
e:
•P
enet
ratio
n ro
ad b
uild
ing?
•La
rge-
scal
e irr
igat
ion?
•In
trodu
ctio
n of
non
-nat
ive
crop
or
agro
fore
stry
spe
cies
?
•R
eset
tlem
ent?
Base
d on
the
NAT
UR
Eof
the
ac
tivity
, wha
t le
vel o
f en
viro
nmen
tal a
naly
sis
is
indi
cate
d?
•req
uire
ana
lysi
s
•req
uire
det
aile
d kn
owle
dge
of t
he p
ropo
sed
site
s, te
chni
ques
or
met
hods
7/11
/201
68
PHA
SE I:
PR
ELIM
INA
RY A
SSES
SMEN
T
CO
ND
UC
T A
PR
ELIM
INA
RY
ASS
ESSM
ENT
SCR
EEN
ING
DET
ERM
INES
W
HET
HER
TH
E PR
ELIM
INA
RY A
SSES
SMEN
T
IS N
ECES
SARY
Pur
pose
is to
pro
vide
do
cum
enta
tion
and
anal
ysis
that
:
•A
llow
the
prep
arer
to d
eter
min
e w
heth
er o
r not
sig
nific
ant a
dver
se
impa
cts
are
likel
y
•A
llow
s th
e re
view
erto
agr
ee o
r di
sagr
ee w
ith th
ese
dete
rmin
atio
ns
•S
ets
out m
itiga
tion
and
mon
itorin
g fo
r adv
erse
impa
cts
A r
apid
, sim
plifi
ed E
IA s
tudy
us
ing
sim
ple
tool
s (s
uch
as
USA
ID’s
Initi
al E
nviro
nmen
tal
Exam
inat
ion
[IEE]
)
7/11
/201
69
PHA
SE I:
PR
ELIM
INA
RY A
SSES
SMEN
T FOR
EA
CH
AC
TIV
ITY
IT
CO
VER
S, A
PR
ELIM
INA
RY
ASS
ESSM
ENT
HA
S 3
POSS
IBLE
FI
ND
ING
S:
TY
PIC
AL
PREL
IMIN
ARY
ASS
ESSM
ENT
OU
TLI
NE:
1.Ba
ckgr
ound
(D
evel
opm
ent
obje
ctiv
e, li
st o
f ac
tiviti
es)
2.D
escr
iptio
n of
the
bas
elin
e si
tuat
ion
3.Ev
alua
tion
of p
oten
tial e
nviro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts
4.M
ITIG
ATIO
N &
MO
NIT
OR
ING
5.R
ECO
MM
END
ED F
IND
ING
S
TH
E A
CT
IVIT
Y IS
. . .
ve
ry u
nlik
ely
to h
ave
sign
ifica
nt a
dver
se im
pact
s.
un
likel
yto
hav
e si
gnifi
cant
ad
vers
e im
pact
s w
ith
spec
ified
miti
gatio
n an
d m
onito
ring
,
lik
ely
to h
ave
sign
ifica
nt
adve
rse
impa
cts
(full
EIA
st
udy
is r
equi
red)
7/11
/201
610
We
only
pro
ceed
to
Phas
e II
of t
he E
IA
proc
ess
IFPh
ase
I ind
icat
es t
hat
a FU
LL E
IA S
TU
DY
is
req
uire
d
WH
EN T
O P
ROC
EED
ANGELA STEPHENS, USAID
7/11
/201
611
PHA
SE II
: FU
LL E
IA S
TU
DY
HO
WEV
ER, T
HE
FULL
EIA
ST
UD
Y D
IFFE
RS
IN IM
PORT
AN
T W
AYS:
•A
form
al S
CO
PIN
G P
ROC
ESS
prec
edes
the
stu
dy t
o ID
ENT
IFY
ISSU
ES T
O B
E A
DD
RES
SED
•A
NA
LYSI
Sof
env
ironm
enta
l im
pact
s is
muc
h M
OR
E D
ETA
ILED
•A
LTER
NAT
IVES
*m
ust
be fo
rmal
ly d
efin
ed. T
HE
IMPA
CT
S O
F EA
CH
ALT
ERN
ATIV
E M
UST
BE
IDEN
TIF
IED
& E
VALU
ATED
, AN
D T
HE
RES
ULT
S C
OM
PAR
ED
•PU
BLIC
PA
RTIC
IPAT
ION
is r
equi
red
•A
PRO
FESS
ION
AL
EIA
TEA
M is
usu
ally
req
uire
d
*inc
lude
s th
e pr
ojec
t as
prop
osed
, the
no-
actio
n al
tern
ative
, and
at l
east
one
oth
er re
al a
ltern
ative
The
full
EIA
stu
dy h
as v
ery
sim
ilar
obje
ctiv
es a
nd s
truc
ture
to
a pr
elim
inar
y as
sess
men
t.
7/11
/201
612
The
re a
re “
core
” sk
ills
that
ar
e ce
ntra
l to
envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
ass
essm
ent:
•Ba
selin
e ch
arac
teri
zatio
n•
The
iden
tific
atio
n of
po
tent
ial a
dver
se im
pact
s (o
r im
pact
s of
con
cern
)•
Dev
elop
ing
a m
itiga
tion
stra
tegy
FUN
DA
MEN
TAL
EIA
SK
ILLS
USAID AFGHANISTAN
HO
W D
O I
APP
ROA
CH
TH
E EI
A P
ROC
ESS?
7/11
/201
613
FUN
DA
MEN
TAL
EIA
SK
ILLS
Key
skill
for
avoi
ding
adv
erse
im
pact
s an
d ac
hiev
ing
ESD
M
Use
d to
pre
pare
pre
limin
ary
asse
ssm
ent—
but
also
cri
tical
to
mak
ing
miti
gatio
n re
spon
sive
to
loca
l en
viro
nmen
tal c
ondi
tions
* M
onito
ring
is t
he e
ssen
tial c
ompl
emen
t to
miti
gatio
n; it
is r
equi
red
to v
erify
w
heth
er t
he m
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s ar
e su
ffici
ent,
effe
ctiv
e—an
d ac
tual
ly
impl
emen
ted.
Mon
itori
ng is
add
ress
ed in
a s
ubse
quen
t se
ssio
n.
BASE
LIN
E C
HA
RA
CT
ERIZ
ATIO
NID
ENT
IFY
ING
IM
PAC
TS
OF
CO
NC
ERN
MIT
IGAT
ION
ST
RAT
EGY*
CH
AR
AC
TER
IZIN
G T
HE
BASE
LIN
E SI
TU
ATIO
N. .
.
•T
he e
nvir
onm
enta
l co
mpo
nent
s of
inte
rest
ar
e th
ose:
–lik
ely
to b
e af
fect
ed
by y
our
activ
ity
–up
on w
hich
you
r ac
tivity
dep
ends
for
its s
ucce
ss
Wat
er?
Qua
ntity
, qua
lity,
relia
bilit
y, ac
cess
ibilit
yW
ater
?Q
uant
ity, q
ualit
y, re
liabi
lity,
acce
ssib
ility
Soils
?Er
osio
n, cr
op p
rodu
ctivi
ty, f
allo
w
perio
ds, s
alin
ity, n
utrie
nt
conc
entra
tions
Soils
?Er
osio
n, cr
op p
rodu
ctivi
ty, f
allo
w
perio
ds, s
alin
ity, n
utrie
nt
conc
entra
tions
Flor
a?Co
mpo
sitio
n an
d de
nsity
of
natu
ral v
eget
atio
n, pr
oduc
tivity
, ke
y sp
ecie
s
Flor
a?Co
mpo
sitio
n an
d de
nsity
of
natu
ral v
eget
atio
n, pr
oduc
tivity
, ke
y sp
ecie
s
Faun
a?Po
pula
tions
, hab
itat
Faun
a?Po
pula
tions
, hab
itat
Spec
ial
Key
spec
ies
ecos
yste
ms?
Spec
ial
Key
spec
ies
ecos
yste
ms?
Env
Hea
lth?
Dise
ase
vect
ors,
path
ogen
sEn
vH
ealth
?D
iseas
e ve
ctor
s, pa
thog
ens
7/11
/201
615
WH
ERE
DO
I O
BTA
IN IN
FOR
MAT
ION
ON
TH
E BA
SELI
NE
SIT
UAT
ION
?
AR
EN’T
WE
FOR
GET
TIN
G
SOM
ETH
ING
?
1.YO
UR
OR
GA
NIZ
ATIO
N:
•TA
LKto
sta
ff w
ho k
now
the
pro
ject
, and
kn
ow t
he s
ites.
•O
BTA
INpr
ojec
t do
cum
ents
and
info
rmat
ion
2.D
IREC
T O
BSER
VAT
ION
:
•G
o to
the
site
(s)!
Look
up
publ
icly
ava
ilabl
e sa
telli
te im
ager
y be
fore
you
go.
3.U
TIL
IZE
OT
HER
LO
CA
L T
ALE
NT
&
KN
OW
LED
GE:
•co
mm
uniti
es, g
over
nmen
t, co
unte
rpar
ts
Wha
t abo
ut re
port
s by
don
or
orga
niza
tions
and
inte
rnat
iona
l ag
encie
s? W
hat a
bout
go
vern
men
t sta
tistic
s? G
IS
data
base
s?
All
thes
e so
urce
s ca
n be
use
ful
(and
som
etim
es n
eces
sary
)
But
good
loca
l inf
orm
atio
n is
th
e m
ost
impo
rtan
t in
put
7/11
/201
616
IDEN
TIF
YIN
G IM
PAC
TS
OF
CO
NC
ERN
The
BA
SELI
NE
SIT
UAT
ION
is t
he e
xist
ing
envi
ronm
enta
l situ
atio
n or
co
nditi
on in
the
abs
ence
of
the
activ
ity.
Impo
rtan
t: Ba
selin
e sit
uatio
n is
not j
ust a
“s
naps
hot i
n tim
e”
The
impa
ct o
f an
activ
ity is
the
ch
ange
from
the
BASE
LIN
E SI
TU
ATIO
Nca
used
by
the
activ
ity.
WH
AT IS
AN
IMPA
CT
?
To m
easu
re a
n im
pact
, you
m
ust
know
wha
t th
e ba
selin
e si
tuat
ion
is.
!
7/11
/201
617
TY
PES
OF
IMPA
CT
S &
TH
EIR
AT
TR
IBU
TES
The
EIA
pro
cess
is c
once
rned
with
all
type
s of
impa
cts
and
may
des
crib
e th
em in
a n
umbe
r of
way
s
•D
irect
& in
dire
ct im
pact
s
•Sh
ort-
term
& lo
ng-t
erm
impa
cts
•A
dver
se &
ben
efic
ial i
mpa
cts
•C
umul
ativ
e im
pact
s
•In
tens
ity
•D
irect
ion
•Sp
atia
l ext
ent
•D
urat
ion
•Fr
eque
ncy
•R
ever
sibi
lity
•Pr
obab
ility
Bu
t al
l im
pact
s ar
e N
OT
tr
eate
d eq
ually
.
7/11
/201
618
FOC
US!
USAIDAFGHANISTAN
You
defin
itely
do
not
have
tim
e an
d re
sour
ces
to a
naly
ze a
nd d
iscu
ss in
de
tail
less
impo
rtan
t on
es.
ESSE
NT
IAL
to fo
cus
on t
he m
ost
sign
ifica
nt im
pact
s
5.5.
7/11
/201
619
IMPA
CT
EVA
LUAT
ION
PRO
CES
S: T
HEO
RY
1.U
nder
stan
dth
e ac
tiviti
es
bein
g pr
opos
ed
2.R
esea
rch
the
pote
ntia
l adv
erse
im
pact
s ty
pica
l of t
hese
act
iviti
es
& k
now
how
they
ari
se
3.Ba
sed
on t
he p
oten
tial i
mpa
cts,
iden
tify
whi
ch e
lem
ents
of t
he
base
line
situ
atio
n ar
e im
port
ant
4.C
hara
cter
ize
thes
e el
emen
ts
of t
he b
asel
ine
Giv
en:
1.th
e ba
selin
e co
nditi
ons,
2.th
e pr
ojec
t co
ncep
t/de
sign
, and
3.H
ow t
he a
dver
se
impa
cts
aris
e,
DEC
IDE
WH
ICH
IM
PAC
TS
AR
E O
F C
ON
CER
N
7/11
/201
620
IMPA
CT
EVA
LUAT
ION
PR
OC
ESS:
EXA
MPL
E
1.Pr
opos
ed in
terv
entio
n: ir
riga
tion
sche
me
(win
g da
m d
iver
sion
typ
e
wat
er-in
tens
ive
crop
s
high
fert
ilize
r us
e, u
nlin
ed c
anal
s &
ope
n-ch
anne
l ir
riga
tion)
2.Ke
y po
tent
ial i
mpa
cts:
–Ex
cess
ive
dive
rsio
n of
wat
er
–Sa
liniz
atio
n of
soi
ls
–C
onta
min
atio
n of
gro
undw
ater
& d
owns
trea
m
surf
ace
wat
er
3.Ke
y el
emen
ts o
f bas
elin
e:
–R
iver
flow
vol
ume,
var
iabi
lity
–So
il &
wat
er c
hara
cter
istic
s &
gro
undw
ater
de
pth
–D
owns
trea
m u
ses
7/11
/201
621
IMPA
CT
EVA
LUAT
ION
PRO
CES
S: EX
AM
PLE
4.Ba
selin
e ch
arac
teri
zatio
n
–Ri
ver f
low
vol
ume,
varia
bilit
y
•W
ill d
iver
t 3%
of n
orm
al fl
ow•
low
-yea
r flo
ws
are
50%
of n
orm
al•
Dow
nstr
eam
abs
trac
tion
is <
10%
of
tota
l flo
w v
olum
e.–
Soil
char
acte
ristic
s &
gro
undw
ater
dep
th
•So
ils a
re w
ell-d
rain
ed b
ut r
elat
ivel
y hi
gh
in s
alts
; gro
undw
ater
2m
dep
th–
Dow
nstre
am u
ses
•Ke
y w
ater
sou
rce
for
com
mun
ity
dom
estic
use
& li
vest
ock,
imm
edia
tely
do
wns
trea
m.
5.T
HER
EFO
RE:
IMPA
CT
SO
F C
ON
CER
N:
Salin
izat
ion
Dow
nstr
eam
cont
amin
atio
n
LIT
TLE
CO
NC
ERN
:
Exce
ssD
iver
sion
WH
Y T
HES
E C
ON
CLU
SIO
NS?
7/11
/201
622
MIT
IGAT
ION
DES
IGN
NENA TERRELL, USAID
MIT
IGAT
ION
IS. .
.T
he im
plem
enta
tion
of m
easu
res
desi
gned
to
elim
inat
e, r
educ
e or
of
fset
the
und
esir
able
effe
cts
of a
pr
opos
ed a
ctio
n on
the
en
viro
nmen
t.
A c
ritic
al p
art
of t
he E
IA
proc
ess—
and
of E
SDM
7/11
/201
623
HO
W D
OES
MIT
IGAT
ION
RED
UC
E A
DV
ERSE
IMPA
CT
S?
TY
PE O
F M
ITIG
ATIO
N
MEA
SUR
EH
OW
IT W
OR
KS
EXA
MPL
ES
PREV
ENT
ION
AN
D
CO
NT
ROL
MEA
SUR
ES
Fully
or
part
ially
pre
vent
an
impa
ct/r
educ
e a
risk
by:
C
hang
ing
mea
ns o
r te
chni
que
C
hang
ing
or a
ddin
g de
sign
el
emen
ts
C
hang
ing
the
site
Sp
ecify
ing
oper
atin
g pr
acti
ces
PREV
ENT
con
tam
inat
ion
of w
ells
, by
SIT
ING
wel
ls a
saf
e di
stan
ce fr
om
pollu
tion
sour
ces
Add
was
tew
ater
tre
atm
ent
syst
em t
o th
e D
ESIG
N o
f a c
offe
e-w
ashi
ng s
tatio
n an
d tr
ain
in p
rope
r O
PER
ATIO
NS
CO
MPE
NSA
TORY
M
EASU
RES
Offs
et a
dver
se im
pact
s in
one
ar
ea w
ith im
prov
emen
ts
else
whe
re
Plan
t tr
ees
in a
new
loca
tion
to
CO
MPE
NSA
TE
for
clea
ring
a
cons
truc
tion
site
REM
EDIA
TIO
NM
EASU
RES
Rep
air
or r
esto
re t
he
envi
ronm
ent
afte
r da
mag
e is
do
ne
Re-
grad
e an
d re
plan
t a
borr
ow p
it af
ter
cons
truc
tion
is fi
nish
ed
… a
nd s
omet
imes
you
may
nee
d to
red
esig
n th
e pr
ojec
t to
mod
ify o
r el
imin
ate
prob
lem
com
pone
nts
MU
ST E
VE
RYIM
PAC
T B
E M
ITIG
ATED
?
POT
ENT
IALL
Y S
ERIO
US
IMPA
CT
S/IS
SUES
Envi
ronm
enta
l man
agem
ent
crite
ria
ofte
nre
quire
judg
men
t in
des
igni
ng
spec
ific
miti
gatio
ns. A
pply
the
follo
win
g pr
inci
ple:
24
The
se m
ust
ALW
AY
Sbe
m
itiga
ted
to t
he p
oint
tha
t th
e im
pact
is n
on-s
igni
fican
t
EASI
LY M
ITIG
ATED
IMPA
CT
S
The
n, t
here
may
be
othe
r im
pact
s fo
r w
hich
miti
gatio
n is
eas
y an
d lo
w-c
ost
PRIORITIZE!
Miti
gatio
n sp
ecifi
ed in
Pha
se I
or P
hase
II o
f EIA
pro
cess
mus
t be
im
plem
ente
d
7/11
/201
625
PREV
ENT
ION
IS B
EST
RICCARDO GANGALE, USAID
Whe
re p
ossi
ble,
PR
EVEN
T
impa
cts
by c
hang
es t
o si
te
or t
echn
ique
.
CO
NT
ROL
of im
pact
s w
ith
Ope
ratio
n &
Mai
nten
ance
(O&
M)
prac
tices
is m
ore
diffi
cult
to
mon
itor,
sust
ain.
1.Be
pre
vent
ion-
orie
nted
2.A
pply
bes
t de
velo
pmen
t pr
actic
es t
o en
viro
nmen
tal a
spec
ts o
f the
act
ivity
3.Be
sys
tem
atic
7/11
/201
626
TH
REE
RU
LES
FOR
EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TALL
Y
SOU
ND
DES
IGN
& M
AN
AG
EMEN
T (
ESD
M)
Prop
erly
impl
emen
ted,
the
EIA
pr
oces
s m
akes
the
m a
rea
lity.
•Fr
om it
s be
ginn
ings
in t
he 1
970
US
Nat
iona
l En
viro
nmen
tal P
olic
y A
ct…
•
EIA
now
ext
ends
bey
ond
gove
rnm
ent
wor
ks
to
–In
frast
ruct
ure
and
econ
omic
deve
lopm
ent
proj
ects
fund
ed b
y th
e pr
ivate
sec
tor
&
dono
rs
–An
alys
is of
pol
icies
, not
just
pro
ject
s•
In m
any
deve
lopi
ng c
ount
ries
, EIA
is t
he
core
of n
atio
nal e
nviro
nmen
tal r
egul
atio
n
•M
ost
coun
trie
s &
alm
ost
all d
onor
s (in
clud
ing
USA
ID) n
ow h
ave
EIA
re
quire
men
ts
7/11
/201
627
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L IM
PAC
T A
SSES
SMEN
T:
A U
NIV
ERSA
L R
EQU
IREM
ENT
7/11
/201
628
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L IM
PAC
T A
SSES
SMEN
T:
A U
NIV
ERSA
L R
EQU
IREM
ENT
7/11
/201
629
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L IM
PAC
T A
SSES
SMEN
T:
TH
E W
OR
LD B
AN
K
“The
Ban
kre
quire
s en
viro
nmen
tal a
sses
smen
t (EA
) of p
roje
cts
prop
osed
for
Bank
fin
anci
ng t
o he
lp e
nsur
e th
at t
hey
are
envi
ronm
enta
lly s
ound
and
sus
tain
able
, and
thu
s to
im
prov
e de
cisi
on m
akin
g.”7/
11/2
016
30
AFG
HA
NIS
TAN
•In
ord
er t
o su
stai
nabl
y de
velo
p, A
fgha
nist
an m
ust
addr
ess
its
envi
ronm
enta
l iss
ues
and
inte
grat
e th
e en
viro
nmen
t in
to
reco
nstr
uctio
n in
ord
er t
o re
esta
blis
h th
e ba
sis
for
sust
aina
ble
livel
ihoo
ds a
nd e
cono
mic
ally
dev
elop
.
•En
viro
nmen
tal m
atte
rs in
Afg
hani
stan
incl
ude:
sust
aina
ble
use,
co
nser
vatio
n an
d pr
otec
tion
of n
atur
al r
esou
rces
, bio
dive
rsity
, pr
otec
tion
of s
peci
fic a
reas
, ins
titut
iona
l arr
ange
men
ts, e
nviro
nmen
tal
info
rmat
ion,
edu
catio
n, t
rain
ing
and
rese
arch
, and
legi
slat
ion
and
regu
latio
n.
•EI
As
are
impl
emen
ted
unde
r en
ablin
g le
gisl
atio
n an
d as
soci
ated
re
gula
tions
to
exec
ute
adm
inis
trat
ive
proc
edur
es.
•M
anag
emen
t of
env
ironm
enta
l im
pact
s re
sulti
ng fr
om d
evel
opm
ent
proj
ects
is t
he r
espo
nsib
ility
of p
ropo
nent
s w
ith o
vers
ight
from
the
en
viro
nmen
tal a
genc
y.
7/11
/201
631
SUM
MA
RY
•EI
A is
an
esta
blis
hed
proc
ess
that
pro
mot
es s
usta
inab
le e
nviro
nmen
tal
man
agem
ent
and
succ
essf
ul d
evel
opm
ent
outc
omes
.
•C
ore
skill
s ar
e ne
eded
to
impl
emen
t th
e EI
A p
roce
ss a
nd t
o he
lp
achi
eve
ESD
M; t
hese
are
:
–Ba
selin
e ch
arac
teri
zatio
n
–Id
entif
ying
impa
cts
of c
once
rn
–M
itiga
tion
desi
gn
•EI
A e
nabl
es E
SDM
-focu
sed
deve
lopm
ent,
and
is t
he b
asis
for
USA
ID
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pro
cedu
res
7/11
/201
632
FOO
TER
GO
ES H
ERE
Tha
nk y
ouT
hank
you
7/11
/201
61
EIA
and
“U
SAID
Env
iron
men
tal P
roce
dure
s”:
the
Initi
al E
nvir
onm
enta
l Exa
min
atio
n (IE
E)an
d Be
yond
GEM
S En
viro
nmen
tal C
ompl
ianc
e-ES
DM
Tra
inin
g Se
ries
Kab
ul ▪
July
/ A
ugus
t 20
16
•R
evie
w b
ackg
roun
d an
d pr
inci
ples
of E
nviro
nmen
tal I
mpa
ct A
sses
smen
t (E
IA)
•R
evie
w E
IA p
roce
ss a
nd fu
ndam
enta
l ski
lls:
–Ba
selin
e ch
arac
teriz
atio
n
–Id
entif
ying
impa
cts
of c
once
rn
–D
evel
opin
g a
miti
gatio
n st
rate
gy
•Ex
plai
n U
SAID
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
EIA
pro
cess
•U
nder
stan
d pr
epar
atio
n of
USA
ID e
nviro
nmen
tal c
ompl
ianc
e do
cum
enta
tion
7/11
/201
62
SESS
ION
OBJ
ECT
IVES
:
•Sp
ecifi
es a
n A
genc
y-w
ide
appr
oach
to
envi
ronm
enta
l m
anag
emen
t of
USA
ID-fu
nded
act
iviti
es.
•“E
nviro
nmen
tal P
roce
dure
s” E
ncom
pass
:
–22
CFR
216
(“R
eg. 2
16”)
–Fo
reig
n A
ssis
tanc
e A
ct (F
AA
) Se
ctio
ns 1
17, 1
18 &
119
.
–U
SAID
-inte
rnal
Aut
omat
ed D
irect
ives
Sys
tem
(AD
S)
–R
egio
nal B
est
Prac
tices
7/11
/201
63
USA
ID E
NV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L PR
OC
EDU
RES
“USA
ID E
nviro
nmen
tal
Proc
edur
es”
refe
rs
gene
rally
to
all r
elev
ant
law
s, A
genc
y gu
idan
ce, a
nd
prev
ailin
g be
st p
ract
ices
.
!
•T
he U
SAID
app
roac
h to
EIA
is e
stab
lishe
d in
Reg
. 216
•R
eg. 2
16 d
efin
es a
pre
-impl
emen
tatio
nEI
A p
roce
ss
•T
his
proc
ess
appl
ies
to:
–A
ll U
SAID
pro
gram
s or
act
iviti
es, (
incl
udin
g no
n-pr
ojec
t as
sist
ance
.)
–N
ew a
ctiv
ities
–Su
bsta
ntiv
e am
endm
ents
or
exte
nsio
ns t
o on
goin
g ac
tiviti
es
7/11
/201
64
APP
LYIN
G T
HE
EIA
PRO
CES
S
Reg
. 21
6 (2
2 C
FR 2
16)
is a
U
S FE
DER
AL
REG
ULA
TIO
N.
Com
plia
nce
is m
anda
tory
.
!
5 5
Scre
en t
he
activ
ity
Base
d on
the
na
ture
of t
he
activ
ity, w
hat
leve
l of
envi
ronm
enta
l an
alys
is is
in
dica
ted?
Con
duct
a
Prel
imin
ary
Ass
essm
ent
A r
apid
, si
mpl
ified
EIA
st
udy
usin
g si
mpl
e to
ols
(e.g
. the
U
SAID
Initi
al
Env.
Exam
inat
ion)
AC
TIV
ITY
IS
OF
MO
DE
RA
TE
OR
UN
KN
OW
NR
ISK
SIG
NIF
ICA
NT
A
DV
ER
SE
IMPA
CT
S P
OSS
IBLE
SIG
NIF
ICA
NT
A
DV
ER
SE
IMPA
CT
S V
ERY
UN
LIK
ELY
AC
TIV
ITY
IS L
OW
R
ISK
(Bas
ed o
n it
s na
ture
, ver
y un
likel
y to
ha
ve s
igni
fican
t a
dver
se
impa
cts )
AC
TIV
ITY
ISH
IGH
R
ISK
(Bas
ed o
n it
s na
ture
, lik
ely
to h
ave
sign
ifica
nt a
dver
se
impa
cts)
Phas
e II
Phas
e I
Und
erst
and
prop
osed
ac
tivity
Why
is t
he
activ
ity b
eing
pr
opos
ed?
Wha
t is
bei
ng
prop
osed
?
BEG
IN
FULL
EI
A
STU
DY
Doc
umen
t an
d su
bmit
for
appr
oval
REG
. 216
USA
ID’S
IMPL
EMEN
TAT
ION
OF
GEN
ERA
L EI
A P
ROC
ESS.
..
. .th
at b
egin
s th
e sa
me
way
as
any
EIA
pro
cess
. . .
7/11
/201
66
TH
E U
SAID
SC
REE
NIN
G P
ROC
ESS
Allo
wed
by
Reg
. 216
But
not
usua
lly r
ecom
men
ded
1. Is
the
act
ivity
EX
EMPT
?
NO
2. Is
the
act
ivity
C
ATEG
OR
ICA
LLY
EX
CLU
DED
?
3. Is
the
act
ivity
H
IGH
RIS
K?
Prep
are
Initi
al E
nviro
nmen
tal E
xam
inat
ion
(IEE)
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
star
tPl
ain-
lang
uage
mea
ning
& im
plic
atio
n
“Em
erge
ncy
Act
iviti
es”
(as
defin
ed b
y 22
CFR
216
)N
o en
viro
nmen
tal r
evie
w r
equi
red,
but
ant
icip
ated
adv
erse
im
pact
s sh
ould
be
miti
gate
d
Very
low
-ris
k; n
o U
SAID
kno
wle
dge
or c
ontr
ol
(with
in c
ateg
orie
s de
fined
by
22 C
FR 2
16)
No
furt
her
envi
ronm
enta
l rev
iew
is n
eces
sary
.
You
prob
ably
mus
t do
a fu
ll En
viro
nmen
tal
Ass
essm
ent
(EA
) or
revi
se t
he a
ctiv
ity
(or
not
yet
clea
r)
Prep
are
Envi
ronm
enta
l A
sses
smen
t (fu
ll EI
A s
tudy
)
reco
mm
ende
d
7/11
/201
67
SCR
EEN
ING
UN
DER
22
CFR
216
:EX
EMPT
ION
S
“Exe
mpt
” ac
tiviti
es o
ften
have
si
gnifi
cant
adv
erse
impa
cts.
Miti
gate
the
se im
pact
s w
here
po
ssib
le.
1.In
tern
atio
nal d
isas
ter
assi
stan
ce
2.O
ther
em
erge
ncy
situ
atio
ns
requ
ires A
dmin
istra
tor
(A/A
ID) o
r Ass
istan
t Ad
min
istra
tor
(AA/
AID
) for
mal
app
rova
l
3.C
ircum
stan
ces
with
“ex
cept
iona
l for
eign
po
licy
sens
itivi
ties”
requ
ires A
/AID
or A
A/AI
D fo
rmal
app
rova
l
Und
er R
eg. 2
16 E
XEM
PTIO
NS
are
ON
LY. .
.
1. Is
the
act
ivity
EX
EMPT
?
NO
YES
star
t
!
7/11
/201
68
SCR
EEN
ING
UN
DER
22
CFR
216
:C
ATEG
OR
ICA
L EX
CLU
SIO
NS
1. Is
the
act
ivity
EX
EMPT
?
NO
2. Is
the
act
ivity
C
ATEG
OR
ICA
LLY
EX
CLU
DED
?
NO
YES
YES
star
t
•Ed
ucat
ion,
tec
hnic
al a
ssis
tanc
e, o
r tr
aini
ng p
rogr
ams
(as
long
as
no
activ
ities
dire
ctly
affe
ct t
he
envi
ronm
ent)
•D
ocum
ents
or
info
rmat
ion
tran
sfer
s
•A
naly
ses,
stud
ies,
acad
emic
or
rese
arch
w
orks
hops
and
mee
tings
•N
utri
tion,
hea
lth, f
amily
pla
nnin
g ac
tiviti
es e
xcep
t whe
re m
edica
l was
te is
ge
nera
ted
ON
LY a
ctiv
ities
fitt
ing
in a
set
of 1
5 sp
ecifi
c ca
tego
ries
MAY
qual
ify fo
r ca
tego
rica
l ex
clus
ions
, inc
ludi
ng. .
.
7/11
/201
69
CAT
EGO
RIC
AL
EXC
LUSI
ON
S: LI
MIT
ATIO
NS
1. Is
the
act
ivity
EX
EMPT
?
NO
2. Is
the
act
ivity
C
ATEG
OR
ICA
LLY
EX
CLU
DED
?
NO
YES
YES
star
t
•A
tec
hnic
al a
dvis
or t
o th
e m
inis
try
of
envi
ronm
ent
and
ener
gy w
ith c
o-si
gnat
ure
auth
ority
ove
r m
inin
g co
nces
sion
aw
ards
?
•M
idw
ife t
rain
ing
in m
anag
emen
t of
3rd
-sta
ge la
bor?
•C
redi
t su
ppor
t to
larg
e-sc
ale
agro
-pr
oces
sing
?
Why
wou
ld c
ateg
oric
al e
xclu
sion
s N
OT
app
ly if
USA
ID fu
nds.
. .
No
cate
gori
cal e
xclu
sion
s ar
e po
ssib
le w
hen
an a
ctiv
ity
invo
lves
pes
ticid
es.
(22
CFR
216
.2(e
))
An
activ
ity m
ay “f
it” in
to a
cat
egor
ical
ly
excl
uded
cla
ss. .
.
. . . b
ut if
adv
erse
impa
cts
are
reas
onab
ly fo
rese
eabl
e,
the
activ
ity w
ill N
OT
rec
eive
a c
ateg
oric
al e
xclu
sion
.
!
7/11
/201
610
1. Is
the
act
ivity
EX
EMPT
?
NO
2. Is
the
act
ivity
C
ATEG
OR
ICA
LLY
EX
CLU
DED
?
3. Is
the
act
ivity
H
IGH
RIS
K?
NO
NO
YES
YES
YES
star
t“H
IGH
RIS
K”
= ac
tiviti
es “
for
whi
ch a
n EA
is
norm
ally
req
uire
d” p
er 2
2 C
FR 2
16
OR
othe
r ac
tiviti
es w
hich
cle
arly
pre
sent
hig
h en
viro
nmen
tal r
isks
•Pe
netr
atio
n ro
ad b
uild
ing
or im
prov
emen
t
•Ir
riga
tion,
wat
er m
anag
emen
t, or
dra
inag
e pr
ojec
ts
•A
gric
ultu
ral l
and
leve
ling
•N
ew la
nd d
evel
opm
ent;
prog
ram
s of
riv
er b
asin
de
velo
pmen
t
•La
rge
scal
e ag
ricu
ltura
l mec
hani
zatio
n
•R
eset
tlem
ent
•Po
wer
plan
ts&
indu
stri
al p
lant
s
•Po
tabl
e w
ater
& s
ewag
e,
“exc
ept
smal
l-sca
le”
SCR
EEN
ING
UN
DER
22C
FR21
6 “H
IGH
RIS
K”
(EA
LIK
ELY
REQ
UIR
ED)
7/11
/201
6Wha
t if
my
activ
ity is
“hi
gh r
isk”
? WH
Y a
pre
limin
ary
asse
ssm
ent?
An
IEE
will
:
•A
llow
you
to
dete
rmin
e if
impa
cts
can
be e
asily
con
trol
led
belo
w a
si
gnifi
cant
leve
l—if
so, a
n EA
is n
ot
nece
ssar
y
•G
athe
r in
form
atio
n ne
eded
to
jum
p-st
art
the
EA p
roce
ss
Can
pro
ceed
dire
ctly
to
an E
A
(USA
ID’s
full
EIA
stu
dy)
But
unle
ss t
he a
ctiv
ity is
VER
Y c
lear
ly
“hig
h ri
sk”,
do a
n IE
E (U
SAID
’s pr
elim
inar
y as
sess
men
t) in
stea
d
3. Is
the
act
ivity
H
IGH
RIS
K?
Prep
are
Initi
al E
nviro
nmen
tal E
xam
inat
ion
(IEE)
NO
YES
You
prob
ably
mus
t do
a fu
ll En
viro
nmen
tal
Ass
essm
ent
(EA
) or
revi
se t
he a
ctiv
ity
(or
not
yet
clea
r)
Prep
are
Envi
ronm
enta
l A
sses
smen
t (fu
ll EI
A s
tudy
)
Allo
wed
by
Reg
. 216
but
not
usu
ally
rec
omm
ende
d re
com
men
ded
7/11
/201
612
WH
AT IS
CLE
AR
LY “H
IGH
RIS
K”?
EAD
EFIN
ITEL
Y R
EQU
IRED
•N
ew 5
00 H
a ir
riga
tion
sche
me
•M
ajor
exp
ansi
on o
f a 1
00 M
W t
herm
al p
ower
pla
nt
& c
onst
ruct
ion
of n
ew t
rans
mis
sion
line
s
•W
iden
ing
30 k
m o
f a 2
-lane
roa
d to
6-
lane
tol
lway
thr
u an
urb
an a
rea
Sect
ions
118
& 1
19 o
f the
For
eign
Ass
ista
nce
Act
R
EQU
IRE
an E
A fo
r..
•A
ctiv
ities
invo
lvin
g pr
ocur
emen
t or
use
of l
oggi
ng
equi
pmen
t
•A
ctiv
ities
with
the
pot
entia
l to
sign
ifica
ntly
deg
rade
na
tiona
l par
ks o
r si
mila
r pr
otec
ted
area
s or
in
trod
uce
exot
ic p
lant
s or
ani
mal
s in
to s
uch
area
s
NO
T C
LEA
R—
proc
eed
to IE
E
•R
ehab
ilita
tion
of 5
0 H
a ir
riga
tion
sche
me
•M
ini-h
ydro
inst
alla
tions
of 5
00 k
w t
otal
•R
ehab
ilita
tion
of m
ultip
le s
hort
seg
men
ts o
f ru
ral f
eede
r ro
ad
7/11
/201
613
ON
CE
EAC
H A
CT
IVIT
Y H
AS
BEEN
SC
REE
NED
…
AC
TIV
ITY
*EX
EMPT
CAT
EXIE
E R
EQ’D
EA R
EQ’D
1. S
mal
l clin
ic r
ehab
ilita
tion
X
2. B
oreh
ole
Inst
alla
tions
X
3. T
rain
ing
in p
atie
ntre
cord
-kee
ping
X
4. C
onst
ruct
prov
inci
al m
edic
al w
aste
di
spos
al fa
cilit
yX
*Use
a t
able
like
thi
s. It
help
s.
7/11
/201
614
DEV
ELO
P YO
UR
22
CFR
216
DO
CU
MEN
TAT
ION
. . .
OV
ERA
LL S
CR
EEN
ING
RES
ULT
S22
CFR
216
D
OC
UM
ENTA
TIO
N
REQ
UIR
ED
All
activ
ities
are
exe
mpt
Stat
emen
t of J
ustif
icat
ion
All
activ
ities
cate
gori
cally
ex
clud
edC
ateg
oric
alE
xclu
sion
R
eque
st +
FA
CES
HEE
T
All
activ
ities
req
uire
an
IEE
IEE
cove
ring
all
activ
ities
+
FAC
ESH
EET
Som
e ac
tiviti
es a
re
cate
gori
cally
exc
lude
d,
som
e re
quire
an
IEE
An
IEE
that
:
Cov
ers
activ
ities
for
whi
ch
an IE
E is
req
uire
d A
ND
Ju
stifi
es t
he c
ateg
oric
al
excl
usio
ns+
FAC
ESH
EET
Hig
h-ri
sk a
ctiv
itie
s
Initi
ate
scop
ing
and
prep
arat
ion
of a
n EA
CAT
EGO
RIC
AL
EXC
LUSI
ON
REQ
UES
T
Very
sim
ple;
1-2
pag
es.
Des
crib
es t
he a
ctiv
ities
. C
ites
22 C
FR 2
16 t
o ju
stify
th
e ca
tex.
Initi
al
Envi
ronm
enta
l Ex
amin
atio
n(U
SAID
’s pr
elim
inar
y as
sess
men
t)
. . .A
S D
ETER
MIN
ED B
Y T
HE
OU
TC
OM
E O
F YO
UR
SC
REE
NIN
G P
ROC
ESS
USA
ID’s
proj
ect
desi
gn p
roce
ss
requ
ires
appr
oved
Reg
. 216
doc
umen
tatio
n as
ann
ex t
o th
e Pr
ojec
t A
ppra
isal
Doc
umen
t
7/11
/201
615
TIM
ING
OF
22 C
FR 2
16 D
OC
UM
ENTA
TIO
N. .
.
Proj
ect
Des
ign
Proc
ess
-Ste
ps 1
-10
-Rev
iew
-App
rove
/Dis
appr
ove
-if y
es t
hen
Stag
e 2
CD
CS
Stag
e 1:
Con
cept
Pap
er
PRO
GR
AM
CY
CLE
Gen
der/
Env
/Sus
tA
naly
sis
7. A
nal.
& S
ust.
Con
side
ratio
nsA
nnex
b. L
og F
ram
eA
nnex
k. E
nvT
hres
h.
Dec
isio
nA
nnex
m. W
aive
rs (
AU
PCS)
Stag
e 2:
Ana
lytic
al (
PAD
)
AU
PCS
miti
gatin
g m
easu
res
in t
he P
AD
Stag
e 3:
Pro
ject
Aut
hori
zatio
n
Thr
esho
ld D
ecis
ion
Envi
ronm
enta
l Pl
anni
ng, F
AA
117
, 11
8, 1
19
7/11
/201
616
TH
E IE
E: U
SAID
’S P
REL
IMIN
ARY
ASS
ESSM
ENT
BASI
C IE
E O
UT
LIN
E
1.Ba
ckgr
ound
& A
ctiv
ity D
escr
iptio
n•
Purp
ose
& S
cope
of I
EE•
Back
grou
nd•
Des
crip
tion
of a
ctiv
ities
2. C
ount
ry &
Env
ironm
enta
l inf
orm
atio
n•
Loca
tions
affe
cted
•N
atio
nal e
nviro
nmen
tal p
olic
ies
and
proc
edur
es
3. E
valu
atio
n of
pot
entia
l env
ironm
enta
l im
pact
s
4. R
ecom
men
ded
thre
shol
d de
cisi
ons
and
miti
gatio
n ac
tions
•R
ecom
men
ded
thre
shol
d de
cisi
ons
and
cond
ition
s•
Miti
gatio
n, m
onito
ring
& e
valu
atio
n
Wha
t do
es it
look
lik
e?
The
IEE
is v
ery
sim
ilar
to p
relim
inar
y as
sess
men
ts r
equi
red
by o
ther
don
ors
and
gove
rnm
ents
.
!
7/11
/201
617
PUR
POSE
OF
IEE
17 17
Prov
ides
doc
umen
tatio
n an
d an
alys
is t
hat:
•Allo
ws
the
prep
arer
to
dete
rmin
e w
heth
er o
r no
t si
gnifi
cant
adv
erse
impa
cts
are
likel
y
•Allo
ws
the
revi
ewer
to a
gree
or
dis
agre
e w
ith t
he
prep
arer
’s de
term
inat
ions
•Set
s ou
t m
itiga
tion
and
mon
itori
ng fo
r ad
vers
e im
pact
s
7/11
/201
618
WH
AT D
ETER
MIN
ATIO
NS
RES
ULT
FRO
M A
N IE
E?FO
R E
AC
HA
CT
IVIT
Y A
DD
RES
SED
, TH
E IE
E M
AK
ES O
NE
OF
4 R
ECO
MM
END
ATIO
NS
REG
AR
DIN
G IT
S PO
SSIB
LE
IMPA
CT
S:If
the
IEE
anal
ysis
find
s. . .
The
IEE
reco
mm
ends
a. .
.Im
plic
atio
ns(if
IEE
is a
ppro
ved)
No
sign
ifica
nt a
dver
se
envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
sN
EG
AT
IVE
DE
TE
RM
INA
TIO
NN
o co
nditi
ons.
Go
ahea
d.
With
spe
cifie
d m
itiga
tion
and
mon
itori
ng, n
o si
gnifi
cant
en
viro
nmen
tal i
mpa
cts
NE
GA
TIV
ED
ET
ER
MIN
AT
ION
WIT
H C
ON
DIT
ION
S
Spec
ified
miti
gatio
n an
d m
onito
ring
m
ust
be im
plem
ente
d
Sign
ifica
nt a
dver
se
envi
ronm
enta
l im
pact
s ar
e po
ssib
leP
OSI
TIV
ED
ET
ER
MIN
AT
ION
Do
full
EA o
r re
desi
gn a
ctiv
ity.
Con
ditio
ns im
pose
d by
the
EA
mus
t be
impl
emen
ted.
Not
eno
ugh
info
rmat
ion
to e
valu
ate
impa
cts
DE
FER
RA
LYo
u ca
nnot
impl
emen
t th
e ac
tivity
un
til t
he IE
E is
am
ende
d
PLU
S, t
he IE
E w
ill a
ddre
ss a
ny C
AT
EG
OR
ICA
L E
XC
LUSI
ON
S ca
rrie
d ov
er fr
om t
he s
cree
ning
pr
oces
s.
7/11
/201
619
REG
. 216
DO
CU
MEN
TAT
ION
& A
PPRO
VAL
Cle
aran
ces:
•CO
R/A
OR
/OBM
/AM
or T
eam
le
ader
•Offi
ce D
irect
or
•Mis
sion
Env
ironm
enta
l Offi
cer
(for
Mis
sion
s)
•Reg
iona
l Env
ironm
enta
l Offi
cer
(dep
endi
ng o
n m
issi
on)
•Reg
iona
l Leg
al O
ffice
r (R
LO)
•Dep
uty
Mis
sion
Dire
ctor
(D
MD
)
•Mis
sion
Dire
ctor
or
Was
hing
ton
equi
vale
nt*
Cle
aran
ce
•Bur
eau
Envi
ronm
enta
l Offi
cer*
App
rova
l
•Gen
eral
Cou
nsel
(rar
ely)
WH
OSI
GN
S?
IMPO
RTA
NC
E:
No
activ
ities
may
be
impl
emen
ted
with
out A
PPRO
VED
Reg
. 216
en
viro
nmen
tal d
ocum
enta
tion
in h
and.
APP
ROV
ED =
•M
issi
on D
irec
tor
(or W
ashi
ngto
n eq
uiva
lent
) &
B
urea
u E
nvir
onm
enta
l Offi
cer
(BE
O)
sign
atur
es
•BE
O c
lear
ance
not
aut
omat
ic o
r gu
aran
teed
•D
ialo
gue
is s
omet
imes
req
uire
d
*req
uire
d by
Reg
216
7/11
/201
620
WH
EN T
HE
IEE
IS D
ULY
APP
ROV
ED. .
.
*www
.usaid
.gov/o
ur_w
ork/e
nviro
nmen
t/com
plian
ce/da
tabas
e.htm
l
Rec
omm
ende
dde
term
inat
ions
&
cate
gori
cal e
xclu
sion
s be
com
e T
HR
ESH
OLD
DE
CIS
ION
S
Con
diti
ons
beco
me
RE
QU
IRE
D
elem
ents
of p
roje
ct im
plem
enta
tion
&
mon
itor
ing
(AD
S 20
4.3.
4(b)
)
Con
diti
ons
are
wri
tten
into
or
refe
renc
ed in
sol
icit
atio
n &
aw
ard
docu
men
ts (A
DS
204.
3.4(
a)(6
))
AO
Rs/
CO
Rs
over
see
impl
emen
tati
on(A
DS
204.
3.4(
b))
IEE
cond
ition
s pr
ovid
e th
e be
droc
k on
whi
ch li
fe-o
f-pro
ject
miti
gatio
n an
d m
onito
ring
cri
teri
a ar
e es
tabl
ishe
d.
The
IEE
is p
oste
d to
USA
ID’s
envi
ronm
enta
l com
plia
nce
data
base
*
•Fi
rst
step
: a fo
rmal
sco
ping
pro
cess
(22
CFR
216
.3(a
)(4)
)
•Sc
opin
g St
atem
ent
mus
t be
app
rove
d by
M
issi
on D
irect
or, B
urea
u En
viro
nmen
tal
Offi
cer.
•In
form
s th
e SO
W fo
r th
e En
viro
nmen
tal
Ass
essm
ent
itsel
f.
•EA
s ar
e fa
r m
ore
deta
iled
than
IEEs
. The
y m
ust
addr
ess
alte
rnat
ives
to
the
prop
osed
ac
tiviti
es. P
ublic
con
sulta
tions
are
requ
ired.
7/11
/201
621
WH
AT IF
I N
EED
TO
DO
AN
EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
ASS
ESSM
ENT
*?
*If a
pro
pose
d ac
tion
may
affe
ct t
he U
S en
viro
nmen
t or
the
glo
bal c
omm
ons,
an E
IS is
req
uire
d, n
ot a
n EA
. (EI
S =
Env
iron
men
tal I
mpa
ct S
tate
men
t, pe
r th
e U
S N
atio
nal E
nviro
nmen
tal P
olic
y A
ct (
NEP
A))
. Thi
s is
RA
RE.
(22
CFR
21
6.7.
)7/
11/2
016
22
WH
AT A
BOU
T H
OST
-CO
UN
TRY
EIA
PR
OC
EDU
RES
?•
Mos
t ho
st c
ount
ries
—A
fgha
nist
an in
clud
ed—
have
dom
estic
EIA
re
quire
men
ts;
•U
SAID
pro
ject
s m
ust
also
com
ply
with
the
se r
equi
rem
ents
;
•So
, dur
ing
scre
enin
g, al
so s
cree
n ag
ains
t ho
st-c
ount
ry c
ateg
orie
s or
cri
teri
a.
•If
a ho
st-c
ount
ry p
relim
inar
y as
sess
men
t or
full
EIA
is r
equi
red,
th
e ob
ject
ive
is t
o cr
eate
one
doc
umen
t th
at s
atis
fies
both
sy
stem
s.
•R
eg. 2
16 e
stab
lishe
s th
e pr
e-im
plem
enta
tion
USA
ID
envi
ronm
enta
l rev
iew
pro
cess
•T
his
refle
cts
the
gene
ral E
IA m
etho
dolo
gy
•It
begi
ns w
ith a
sys
tem
atic
scr
eeni
ng a
nd d
ecis
ion-
mak
ing
proc
ess
with
mor
e de
taile
d re
view
, if n
eede
d
•U
SAID
doc
umen
tatio
n an
d ap
prov
al p
roce
sses
are
cle
ar
and
man
dato
ry
•R
eg. 2
16 d
ocum
ents
def
ine
proj
ect
envi
ronm
enta
l m
anag
emen
t cr
iteri
a, m
ost
freq
uent
ly a
s IE
E co
nditi
ons
7/11
/201
623
SUM
MA
RY
7/11
/201
624
Tha
nk y
ou
Compliance Requirement Responsible Parties ADS Reference
Consideration of environment in activity planning
Team Leaders, Activity Managers
201.3.16.3.b 204.3.3
Reg. 216 environmental documentation approval
COR/AOR/Activity Manager
201.3.16.16.4.i 204.3.1204.3.3.b 303.3.2.e
IEE & EA conditions incorporated into procurement
COR/AOR/Activity Manager; Agreement Officer
204.3.4.a.6303.3.6.2e
IEE & EA conditions implemented; implementation monitoring & adjustment
COR/AOR 202.3.6;204.3.4.b303.2.f
Maintenance of Environmental compliance documentation
PO, COR/AOR, Team Leader, MEO
202.3.4.6
Overarching Requirement
Operating units must have systems in place for environmental compliance over life of project & must makesufficient resources available for this purpose
(204.3.4)
ADS Defines Reg. 216 Procedures, Roles, and Responsibilities
MEO
REA
BEOPrimary decision makers on 22 CFR 216 threshold decisions for activities under the purview of their Bureau.
Mission point of contact to Regional Environmental Advisor and Bureau Environmental Officer.
Quality Assurance reviewer for Reg. 216 docs prior to receipt by the Bureau Environmental Officer.
Bureau Environmental Officer(Washington DC)
Mission Environmental Officer
Quality Assurance reviewer for Reg. 216 docs;
Clears Reg. 216 docs before Mission Director;
Mission compliance advisor and coordinator;
Oversee environmental compliance in their Bureau;
Regional Environmental Advisor(Regional mission)
Environmental compliance technical assistance to Missions;
1. In solicitation require proposals to address ESDM and incorporate into budget
2. Develop Initial Environmental Examination (IEE) and /or Request for Categorical Exclusion (RCE) before any obligation of funds
3. Develop additional Reg. 216 documentation
4. Ensure Mission Director/equivalent clears, and BEO concurs
5. Include information in Project Approval Document
2. PROCUREMENT
4. EVALUATION
1. PRE-SOLICITATION + SOLICITATION
1. Incorporate environmentalcompliance issues in evaluation*
2. Apply lessons learned to on-going and future activities
1. Review of partner progress reports
1. Conduct post-award briefing with Implementing Partner (IP), including discussion of IEE conditions and IP requirements
3. IMPLEMENTATION
2. PROCUREMENT + PRE-IMPLEMENTATION
4. EVALUATION
1. SOLICITATION
1. Consider environmental compliance issues in evaluation
2. Apply lessons learned in future proposals
1. Verify current and planned activities against coverage of RCE/IEE/Environmental Assessment (EA)
1. Implement mitigation and monitoring conditions
1. Participate in post-award briefing with USAID A/COR (and, ideally, MEO)
3. IMPLEMENTATION
USAID Environmental Compliance Responsibilities
IP Environmental Compliance Responsibilities
2. Review and approve Environmental Mitigation and Management Plan (EMMP)
3. Review budget and work plans4. Review project Reporting
Framework
2. Integrate monitoring of environmental mitigation measures into field visits to ensure effective environmental management
2. Complete EMMP and integrate into work plans and project reporting tracking
3. Include EMMP into budget and work plans
4. Develop project reporting framework
2. Submit progress reports (often quarterly or biannually) addressing environmental compliance performance.
*Title II Cooperating Sponsors develop IEEs as part of their Multi Year Action Plan.
*Only applies to projects with a negative determination with conditions or a positive determination
2. Budget appropriately in preparation of proposal to ensure ability to satisfy environmental compliance requirements
3. Create a draft EMMP4. In some instances, develop
Reg. 216 documentation*
7/11
/201
61
Prin
cipl
es o
f Env
ironm
enta
l Mon
itori
ng
GEM
S En
viro
nmen
tal C
ompl
ianc
e-ES
DM
Tra
inin
g Se
ries
Kab
ul ▪
July
/ A
ugus
t 20
16
7/11
/201
62
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L M
ON
ITO
RIN
G IS
BO
TH
. . .
1.Sy
stem
atic
obs
erva
tion
of k
ey
envi
ronm
enta
l con
ditio
ns
2.Sy
stem
atic
ver
ifica
tion
of
miti
gatio
n m
easu
re
impl
emen
tatio
n
DEF
INIT
ION
OF
MO
NIT
OR
ING
to t
ell y
ou c
lear
lyan
d co
st-e
ffect
ivel
y if
miti
gatio
n is
suf
ficie
nt
and
effe
ctiv
e
Env.
Mon
itori
ng s
houl
d be
a n
orm
al p
art
of
proj
ect
M&
E.
PUR
POSE
:
7/11
/201
63
MO
NIT
OR
ING
EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
CO
ND
ITIO
NS
Syst
emat
ic o
bser
vatio
n of
key
en
viro
nmen
tal c
ondi
tions
.The
se a
reen
viro
nmen
tal c
ondi
tions
tha
t:•
corr
espo
nd t
o im
pact
s &
miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
•U
pon
whi
ch t
he p
roje
ct d
epen
ds
for
its s
ucce
ss
EXA
MPL
E: a
n ir
riga
tion
proj
ect
may
con
tam
inat
e gr
ound
wat
er.
Gro
und-
wat
er q
ualit
y is
m
onito
red.
EXA
MPL
E: A
wat
er s
uppl
y pr
ojec
t d
epen
ds o
n cl
ean
sour
ce
wat
er. S
ourc
e w
ater
qua
lity
is
mon
itore
d.
7/11
/201
64
MO
NIT
OR
ING
EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
CO
ND
ITIO
NS
1.SY
STEM
ATIC
OBS
ERVA
TIO
Nof
key
env
ironm
enta
l co
nditi
ons
mea
ns t
hat
envi
ronm
enta
l ind
icat
ors
are
chos
en a
nd a
sses
sed
syst
emat
ical
ly.
Sign
als
of
or p
roxi
es fo
r
•En
viro
nmen
tal h
ealth
•Ec
osys
tem
func
tion
IND
ICAT
OR
S A
RE
For
exam
ple.
. .
7/11
/201
65
EXA
MPL
E IN
DIC
ATO
R: C
OLI
FOR
M C
ON
TAM
INAT
ION
Wel
l use
d by
hu
man
s &
ani
mal
s
Hum
an-U
se O
nly
Hot
elTa
pW
ater
!
!Pu
rple
Col
or =
Fec
al C
olifo
rms
Pink
Col
or =
Non
-Fec
al C
olifo
rms
WAT
ER Q
UA
LIT
Y T
EST
S W
ITH
SIM
PLE,
INEX
PEN
SIV
E T
EST
KIT
. . .
7/11
/201
66
EXA
MPL
ES O
F IN
DIC
ATO
RS
Wat
erQ
uant
ity, q
ualit
y, re
liabi
lity,
acce
ssib
ility
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L C
OM
PON
ENT
S T
HAT
MAY
BE
AD
VER
SELY
A
FFEC
TED
BY
SM
ALL
-SC
ALE
AC
TIV
ITIE
S
Soils
Eros
ion,
cro
p pr
oduc
tivity
, fa
llow
per
iods
, sal
inity
, nut
rien
t co
ncen
trat
ions
Flor
aC
ompo
sitio
n an
d de
nsity
of
natu
ral v
eget
atio
n, p
rodu
ctiv
ity,
key
spec
ies
Faun
aPo
pula
tions
, hab
itat
Spec
ial
Key
spec
ies
ecos
yste
ms
Env
Hea
lthD
isea
se v
ecto
rs, p
atho
gens
IND
ICAT
OR
S
7/11
/201
67
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L IN
DIC
ATO
RS:
SOM
ETIM
ES C
OM
PLIC
ATED
, OFT
EN S
IMPL
E
•En
viro
nmen
tal I
ndic
ator
s M
AYre
quire
labo
rato
ry a
naly
sis
or
spec
ializ
ed e
quip
men
t &
tec
hniq
ues
–Te
stin
g w
ater
for
pest
icid
e re
sidu
es
–A
utom
atic
cam
eras
on
gam
e pa
ths
for
wild
life
cens
us
–Et
c.
•Bu
t in
dica
tors
are
ofte
n V
ERY
SIM
PLE.
. .
•. .
.esp
ecia
lly fo
r sm
all-s
cale
act
iviti
es
–Si
mpl
e in
dica
tors
can
be
mor
e us
eful
and
app
ropr
iate
than
mor
e co
mpl
icat
ed o
nes!
FOR
EX
AM
PLE.
. .
7/11
/201
68
EXA
MPL
ES O
F SI
MPL
E EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
IND
ICAT
OR
STo
psoi
l los
s fr
om
slop
es u
pstr
eam
in
the
wat
ersh
ed (l
eft)
is
asse
ssed
with
a v
isua
l tu
rbid
ity m
onito
r (r
ight
).
ERO
SIO
N M
EASU
REM
ENT
WH
AT A
RE
TH
E LI
MIT
ATIO
NS
OF
TH
IS IN
DIC
ATO
R?
SUR
FAC
E SE
WA
GE
CO
NTA
MIN
ATIO
NV
isua
l ins
pect
ion
behi
nd t
he la
trin
e (le
ft) r
evea
ls a
leak
ing
sept
ic t
ank
(rig
ht).
7/11
/201
69
EXA
MPL
ES O
F SI
MPL
E EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
IND
ICAT
OR
S
GRO
UN
DW
ATER
LE
VEL
SA
re m
easu
red
at s
hallo
w
wel
ls w
ith a
rop
e an
d bu
cket
.
SOIL
DEP
LET
ION
Vis
ual i
nspe
ctio
ns
show
fert
ility
gra
dien
ts
with
in t
erra
ces.
(Dar
k gr
een
cove
r in
dica
tes
heal
thy
soil;
yello
w c
over
in
dica
tes
depl
etio
n)
Cho
ose
the
sim
ples
t in
dica
tor
that
mee
ts
your
nee
ds!
7/11
/201
610
ASS
ESSI
NG
EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
IND
ICAT
OR
S SY
STEM
ATIC
ALL
Y
Mon
itori
ng o
ften
requ
ires
SYST
EMAT
ICm
easu
rem
ent
of
indi
cato
rs t
o di
stin
guis
h th
e im
pact
s of
the
act
ivity
from
oth
er
fact
ors
FOR
EX
AM
PLE
Thi
s re
quire
s de
cisi
ons
abou
t:
1.Lo
catio
n of
mea
sure
men
t
2.T
imin
g &
freq
uenc
y of
mea
sure
men
tan
d of
ten…
3.O
ther
fact
ors
7/11
/201
611
1.LO
CAT
ION
-W
ater
sam
ples
sho
uld
be t
aken
at
the
inta
ke, a
nd
dow
nstr
eam
of s
eepa
ge p
its.
2.T
IMIN
G &
FR
EQU
ENC
Y -
Sam
ples
at
diffe
rent
loca
tions
sho
uld
be t
aken
at
the
sam
e tim
e. S
ampl
es s
houl
d be
tak
en a
t hi
gh &
low
flow
dur
ing
the
proc
essi
ng s
easo
n
3.W
HAT
ELS
E?
Dow
nstr
eam
Proc
essi
ng fa
cilit
yW
ater
inta
keSe
epag
e pi
t
ASS
ESSI
NG
EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TA
L IN
DIC
AT
OR
S SY
STEM
AT
ICA
LLY
EXA
MPL
E: W
ATER
QU
ALI
TY
IMPA
CT
S O
F A
GR
IC. P
ROC
ESSI
NG
7/11
/201
612
MEA
SUR
ING
WAT
ER Q
UA
LIT
Y IM
PAC
TS
FRO
M A
PO
INT
SO
UR
CE
OF
POLL
UT
ION
(T
HE
PREV
IOU
S EX
AM
PLE)
IS F
AIR
LY S
TR
AIG
HT
FORW
AR
D
All
are
inte
nded
to
help
di
stin
guis
h im
pact
s fr
om
NO
RM
AL
VAR
IABI
LIT
Y
and
othe
r fa
ctor
s
OFT
EN M
ON
ITO
RIN
G C
AN
BE
MO
RE
CO
MPL
ICAT
ED.
Som
e co
mm
on m
onito
ring
str
ateg
ies:
•M
onito
r th
e ac
tual
pro
ject
, plu
s a
sim
ilar
non-
proj
ect
area
(a “
cont
rol”
)
•M
onito
r at
mul
tiple
sta
tions
/sam
plin
g lo
catio
ns
•D
o re
sear
ch t
o ob
tain
goo
d ba
selin
e da
ta
ASS
ESSI
NG
EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TA
L IN
DIC
AT
OR
S SY
STEM
AT
ICA
LLY
7/11
/201
613
MO
NIT
OR
ING
: PA
RT 2
SYST
EMAT
IC V
ERIF
ICAT
ION
OF
MIT
IGAT
ION
MEA
SUR
E IM
PLEM
ENTA
TIO
N
Veri
fyin
gw
heth
er o
r no
t th
e m
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s sp
ecifi
ed b
y th
e EM
MP
have
bee
n im
plem
ente
d.
Thi
s in
clud
es q
uant
ifyin
g m
itiga
tion:
•H
ow m
ay s
taff
trai
ned?
•H
ow m
any
tree
s pl
ante
d?
Thi
s w
ill o
ften
not
show
w
heth
er t
he m
easu
res
are
effe
ctiv
e. T
his
is t
he r
ole
of
envi
ronm
enta
l ind
icat
ors.
FOR
EX
AM
PLE
The
re a
re t
wo
basi
c w
ays
to g
et t
he in
form
atio
n re
quire
d:
PAPE
R R
EPO
RTS
& F
IELD
INSP
ECT
ION
A
7/11
/201
614
WAY
S TO
QU
AN
TIF
Y IM
PLEM
ENTA
TIO
N O
F M
ITIG
ATIO
N
Fiel
d in
spec
tion
show
s w
aste
is s
egre
gate
d at
poi
nt A
, but
no
t in
cine
rate
d at
poi
nt B
.
MIT
IGAT
ION
MEA
SUR
E IS
:“C
linic
sta
ff sh
all b
e tr
aine
d to
and
sha
ll at
all
times
seg
rega
te a
nd p
rope
rly
inci
nera
te
infe
ctio
us w
aste
.”
B
DES
K A
SSES
SMEN
T:C
linic
s ar
e as
ked
to r
epor
t:
•Pe
rcen
tage
of s
taff
trai
ned?
•Sp
ot in
spec
tions
of w
aste
dis
posa
l loc
atio
ns c
arri
ed o
ut?
•T
he r
esul
t of
the
se in
spec
tions
?
Miti
gatio
n im
plem
enta
tion
indi
cato
rs
7/11
/201
615
GO
OD
EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
MO
NIT
OR
ING
TEL
LS Y
OU
C
LEA
RLY
AN
D C
OST
-EFF
ECT
IVEL
YIF
MIT
IGAT
ION
IS
SUFF
ICIE
NT
AN
D E
FFEC
TIV
E
•D
o no
mor
e th
an n
eede
d.
•Pr
iori
tize
the
mos
t se
riou
s im
pact
s &
issu
es.
•U
sual
ly r
equi
res
a co
mbi
natio
nof
: –
Envi
ronm
enta
l con
ditio
ns
indi
cato
rs–
Miti
gatio
n im
plem
enta
tion
indi
cato
rs
Exam
ple:
ENC
AP
visu
al fi
eld
guid
es
7/11
/201
616
MA
KIN
G M
ITIG
ATIO
N &
MO
NIT
OR
ING
EFF
ECT
IVE
FOR
MIT
IGAT
ION
AN
D M
ON
ITO
RIN
G T
O B
E EF
FEC
TIV
E,
IT M
UST
BE:
REA
LIST
IC.
M&
M m
ust
be
achi
evab
le w
ithin
tim
e, r
esou
rces
&
capa
bilit
ies.
FUN
DED
.Fu
ndin
g fo
r M
&M
m
ust
be a
dequ
ate
over
the
life
of t
he
activ
ity
TAR
GET
ED.
Miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
& in
dica
tors
mus
t co
rres
pond
to
impa
cts.
CO
NSI
DER
ED E
AR
LY.
If M
&M
bud
gets
are
not
pr
ogra
mm
ed a
t th
e de
sign
sta
ge,
they
are
alm
ost
alw
ays
inad
equa
te!
CO
NSI
DER
ED E
AR
LY.
Pre
vent
ive
mit
igat
ion
is
usua
lly c
heap
est
and
mos
t ef
fect
ive.
Pre
vent
ion
mus
t be
bui
lt in
at
the
desi
gn s
tage
.
7/11
/201
617
MIT
IGAT
ION
& M
ON
ITO
RIN
G IN
TH
E PR
OJE
CT
LIF
ECY
CLE
M
ITIG
ATIO
N A
ND
MO
NIT
OR
ING
IS A
PA
RT O
F EA
CH
STA
GE
OF
AN
Y
AC
TIV
ITY.
1.D
ecis
ions
mad
e re
gard
ing
site
an
d te
chni
que
to m
inim
ize
impa
cts
2.O
pera
ting
prac
tices
des
igne
d
1.O
pera
ting
prac
tices
impl
emen
ted
2.M
onito
ring
of:
O
pera
ting
prac
tices
En
viro
nmen
tal c
ondi
tions
1.Im
plem
enta
tion
of d
esig
n de
cisi
ons.
Mon
itori
ng o
f con
stru
ctio
n.
2.W
here
req
uire
d, c
apac
ity-
build
ing
for
prop
er o
pera
tion
Des
ign
Con
stru
ct/
Impl
emen
tO
pera
te(m
ay in
clud
e ha
ndov
er)
Dec
omm
issi
on(in
som
e ca
ses)
Sukhminder
7/11
/201
618
Tha
nk y
ou
Virtual Field Visit Briefing Sheet: Kilombero
1
USAID Environmental Compliance and Environmental Procedures Workshop
Virtual Field Visit Briefing Proposed Smallholder Irrigation Project/Kilombero Valley, Tanzania
The Government of Tanzania is interested in USAID support for the construction of surface water-based irrigation schemes in Kilombero District.
The construction of these irrigation schemes will involve the development of new weir diversions, distribution canals, secondary control structures, drainage, flood control embankments, and on-farm access roads. The schemes will be gravity-fed, eliminating the need for pumping infrastructure. The irrigation schemes will be designed to supply water during the dry season and prevent water logging during the rainy season.
The proposed irrigation schemes will allow beneficiary farmers to grow crops during the dry season; previously, under the rain-fed agriculture regime, farmers grew crops only during the wet season. The system will be managed and maintained by user associations, which will be established and trained by the Ministry of Agriculture Extension Office.
The beneficiaries of the irrigation schemes are smallholder farmers.
Development Objectives
FTF Tanzania’s development goals are to:
• Increase yields of target crops by at least 50%. • Increase area under irrigation in Tanzania by 15% through the development of
smallholder irrigation schemes in Morogoro Region and Zanzibar. • Increase market access by rehabilitating at least 3,000 kilometers of rural roads, thus
reducing post-harvest losses for maize and rice from 20% to 10%. • Increase trade in the target value chain by at least 25% through improved rural
infrastructure and improved value chain efficiency. Rice was selected as the primary value chain for investment based on a regional analysis that shows that Tanzania has a comparative advantage in rice production, although there are opportunities to enhance competitiveness. Rice is the second most important food in terms of consumption in Tanzanian diets, and has been increasing as a proportion of the diet, and also has the potential to provide regional market demand. Since nearly one in five farmers is involved in rice production, advances in this value chain are expected to support broad-based growth.
Agriculture
Low productivity continues to hamper the growth of Tanzania’s agricultural sector. Most of the staple grain crops have yields of less than one ton per hectare (t/ha). The 2002/03 agricultural census showed that Tanzania’s average yields in maize of 0.75 t/ha are far below the African average of 1.29 t/ha, and the average yields for rice of 0.95 t/ha are well below the African
Virtual Field Visit Briefing Sheet: Kilombero
2
USAID Environmental Compliance and Environmental Procedures Workshop
average of 2.3 t/ha. These low levels of productivity in cereals are mainly due to a dependency on rain-fed agriculture and low usage of fertilizer, improved seeds, and pesticides. Expanding irrigated land will greatly enhance Tanzania’s productive potential.
Kisegese
The proposed Kisegese irrigation scheme is located about 50 km west of Ifakara Town. The proposed project area is estimated to cover 7707 hectares. The Kisegese scheme will be fed by the Ruipa River. The proposed site of the headworks for the scheme is located at the foothills of the Udzungwa Mountains, in the forest reserve managed by the Udzungwa Mountains National Park (UMNP). The scheme abuts the Kilombero Nature Reserve, which extends into the UMNP.
Social
Often the most significant social issue arising from irrigation development is resettlement of people displaced by the flooding of land and homes or the construction of canals or other works. Village Land Use Plans divide land into agricultural, pasture, social services, forest, and settlement/ resettlement areas. In many districts, land is yet to be surveyed.
The Valley used to harbor hundreds of pastoralists and thousands of head of livestock that had encroached into KGCA and surrounding village lands. They have been evicted by Government to safeguard the ecological integrity of the Valley and reduce farmer-pastoralist conflicts.
Economy
Many villagers in the Kilombero Valley have low incomes as they produce very little for subsistence and commercial purposes. Cash crops, such as rice, are sold cheaply in the fields during harvesting season. The income obtained does not sustain family needs. In areas where small income generating activities (processing and alternatives to agricultural income generation) have been initiated there is substantial improvement in household incomes.
The Kilombero Valley offers local communities with land to farm (paddy and maize are predominant crops in the Rufiji Basin); fisheries; and wild animals to hunt. The wetland also offers land and water for domestic use and irrigation (mainly traditional) and for grazing livestock.
Local communities can hardly pay the pricey hunting licenses and hence resort to poaching. One tourist hunting company in the KGCA, Kilombero North Safaris Ltd., specializes in buffalo and leopard hunting. The GoT charges $1,900 for a tourist hunting a buffalo and $3500 for leopard.
Environment
The forest cover in the Kilombero Valley has been under severe pressure from agricultural and livestock activities, as well as from excessive tree cutting for fuel wood and other domestic
Virtual Field Visit Briefing Sheet: Kilombero
3
USAID Environmental Compliance and Environmental Procedures Workshop
uses. The government and community responses to these destructive forces include promotion of tree planting and forest conservation initiatives plus demarcations of more land as forest reserves.
In Kilombero District, most of the reserves cover mountainous areas of Udzungwa, which receives high rainfall. The main purpose of declaring a forest reserve is protection of catchments and production enhancement.
Tanzania has nine drainage basins; the largest (of all basins in East Africa) is the Rufiji Basin, which covers an area of 183,791 square kilometers (about 20% of Tanzania) and drains into the Indian Ocean.
The Kilombero Valley contains one of the largest freshwater wetlands in East Africa, forms part of the Great Selous Ecosystem, a World Heritage Site, and is designated a Ramsar Site. The Kilombero floodplain covers an area of approximately 14,000 km2.
The Kilombero Valley contains the largest seasonal wetland in East Africa at 796,735 hectares
The wetland is an important source of nutrients and sediment for downstream areas and the globally important Mafia-Rufiji mangrove, seagrass, and coral reef complex.
The high density of wild animals in the Kilombero Valley prompted the GoT to gazette a large area into a Game Controlled Area (see Annex D, Figure D-9) for the previous and the most recent delineations of the Kilombero GCA) aimed at regulating the hunting of wild species. Puku is the flagship of the Kilombero Valley. The puku formerly occurred widely in grasslands near permanent water, within the savannah woodlands and floodplains of south-central Africa, but has now been reduced to fragmented and isolated populations and is listed as Near Threatened on the International Union for the Conservation of Nature Red List.
Marginal woodlands and marginal grassland also contain zebras, warthogs, elephants and elands.
The Valley is important for the migration of large mammals, such as elephant. Historically, elephants and other large mammals have crossed the Valley to migrate between the Udzungwa Mountains and the Selous, moving down into the floodplain during the dry season and going back to the miombo woodland during the rainy season. However, in recent years the increased agricultural encroachment into the Valley has put increasing pressure on the only two remaining wildlife corridors, the Magombera Corridor and Ruipa Corridor
Climate
The climate in the Kilombero Sub-basin is highly variable between the highlands and the lowlands, and the valley is hot and humid. Mean annual rainfall varies from 1,100 mm to 2,100 mm.
Virtual Field Visit Briefing Sheet: Kilombero
4
USAID Environmental Compliance and Environmental Procedures Workshop
The largest amount of annual rainfall (80-90%) occurs during the rainy season between December and April, while the period from June through September is relatively dry with typical monthly amounts below 10 mm, except in the Udzungwa Mountains.
1
Vir
tual
Fie
ld V
isit
Kilo
mbe
roVa
lley,
Tanz
ania
GEM
S En
viro
nmen
tal C
ompl
ianc
e-ES
DM
Tra
inin
g Se
ries
Kab
ul ▪
July
/ A
ugus
t 20
16
•T
his
is a
pro
ject
pla
nnin
g tr
ip fo
r yo
ur e
cono
mic
gro
wth
/food
se
curi
ty t
eam
–Fu
rthe
r de
fine
deve
lopm
ent
obje
ctiv
es, o
ptio
ns fo
r m
eetin
g ob
ject
ives
–Yo
u kn
ow t
his
proj
ect
will
pre
sent
som
e en
viro
nmen
tal
chal
leng
es s
o yo
ur t
eam
und
erta
kes
a (v
irtu
al) f
ield
vis
it to
im
prov
e its
und
erst
andi
ng o
f the
impl
emen
tatio
n co
ntex
t an
d to
allo
w y
ou t
o be
tter
dra
ft th
e IE
E.
SCEN
AR
IO
2
SESS
ION
OV
ERV
IEW
•BE
FOR
E w
e go
:R
ead
the
brie
fing
that
follo
ws.
Br
iefly
rev
iew
the
SEG
for A
gric
ultu
re.
•O
N T
HE
VIS
IT:
Wat
ch, l
iste
n an
d as
k qu
esti
ons
so t
hat
in t
he n
ext
sess
ion,
we
can:
–
Iden
tify
the
mos
t im
port
ant
aspe
cts
of t
he b
asel
ine
situ
atio
n–
Det
erm
ine
pote
ntia
lly s
igni
fican
t en
viro
nmen
tal a
nd
hum
an h
ealth
impa
cts
–Id
entif
y po
tent
ial e
nviro
nmen
tal m
anag
emen
t (m
itiga
tion)
mea
sure
s–
Det
erm
ine
whe
ther
the
se m
easu
res
can
relia
bly
keep
ad
vers
e im
pact
s be
low
a s
igni
fican
t le
vel
–D
ocum
ent
the
abov
e in
IEE
form
at
3
•C
onst
ruct
ion
of s
urfa
ce w
ater
-bas
ed ir
riga
tion
sche
mes
at
five
site
s in
Kilo
mbe
roD
istr
ict
–M
agom
bera
Kim
biyo
ko(M
aKi),
Kis
eges
e, U
daga
ji, M
gugw
e,
and
Mpa
nga-
Nga
limila
–C
onst
ruct
ion
is c
ompl
ex a
nd w
ill r
equi
re la
rge-
scal
e ea
rthw
orks
. Eac
h ne
w s
yste
m w
ill in
volv
e w
eir
dive
rsio
ns,
dist
ribu
tion
cana
ls, s
econ
dary
con
trol
str
uctu
res,
drai
nage
, an
d on
-farm
acc
ess
road
s. •
Bene
ficia
ries
are
sm
allh
olde
r fa
rmer
s –
Con
stru
ctio
n w
ill b
e co
mbi
ned
with
a fa
rmer
tra
inin
g pr
ogra
m
GO
VER
NM
ENT
OF
TAN
ZA
NIA
’S P
ROPO
SAL
4
56
78
9
Ifak
ara
10
1112
4/18
/201
613
[Cap
tion]
14
4/18
/201
615
Low
-pro
duct
ivity
agr
icul
ture
pas
tora
lism
fo
ragi
ng fo
r fo
rest
pro
duct
s an
d bu
shm
eat
(pro
visi
onin
g ec
osys
tem
se
rvic
es)
16
17
4/18
/201
618
[Cap
tion]
19
[Cap
tion]
20
21
[Cap
tion]
4/18
/201
622
4/18
/201
624
4/18
/201
625
[Cap
tion]
4/18
/201
626
[Cap
tion]
4/18
/201
627
[Cap
tion]
28
4/18
/201
629
[Cap
tion]
30
Prov
isio
ning
Ser
vice
sR
egul
atin
g Se
rvic
esC
ultu
ral S
ervi
ces
Food
•C
rops
•Li
vest
ock
•C
aptu
re fi
sher
ies
Raw
mat
eria
ls
•T
imbe
r an
d ot
her
woo
d
fiber
s
•Bi
omas
s Fu
els
•Fr
esh
Wat
er
•Ph
arm
aceu
tical
s an
d na
tura
l
med
icin
es
•R
egul
atio
n of
wat
er t
imin
g an
d
flow
s
•Er
osio
n co
ntro
l
•M
aint
enan
ce o
f soi
l qua
lity
•W
ater
pur
ifica
tion
and
was
te
trea
tmen
t
•C
limat
e re
gula
tion
(glo
bal,
loca
l
and
regi
onal
)
•Sp
iritu
al a
nd r
elig
ious
valu
es
•R
ecre
atio
n an
d to
uris
m
ECO
SYST
EM S
ERV
ICES
31So
urce
: ME
A
2005
4/18
/201
632
4/18
/201
633
34
Tha
nk y
ou
7/11
/201
61
Envi
ronm
enta
l Miti
gatio
n &
Mon
itori
ng P
lans
(E
MM
Ps) G
EMS
Envi
ronm
enta
l Com
plia
nce-
ESD
M T
rain
ing
Seri
es
Kab
ul ▪
July
/ A
ugus
t 20
16
7/11
/201
62
SESS
ION
OBJ
ECT
IVES
•U
nder
stan
d th
e U
SAID
req
uire
men
t fo
r on
goin
g m
itiga
tion
and
mon
itori
ng o
f env
ironm
enta
l im
pact
s
•Le
arn
how
to
“ope
ratio
naliz
e” IE
E an
d EA
con
ditio
ns a
s pa
rt o
f pro
ject
im
plem
enta
tion
•D
iscu
ss a
dapt
ing
IEE/
EA c
ondi
tions
in r
espo
nse
to s
peci
fic fi
eld
activ
ities
and
env
ironm
ents
•R
evie
w fo
rmat
and
pre
para
tion
of t
he E
nviro
nmen
tal M
itiga
tion
and
Mon
itori
ng P
lan
(EM
MP)
via
cas
e st
udy
7/11
/201
63
CO
NG
RAT
ULA
TIO
NS…
WE
AR
E A
LL E
XPE
RTS
IN E
IA A
ND
USA
ID E
NV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L PR
OC
EDU
RES
!
•N
ow, w
e m
ust
appl
y ou
r kn
owle
dge
of im
pact
ass
essm
ent
and
miti
gatio
n in
a r
eal p
roje
ct s
ettin
g
–IE
Es (a
nd E
As) a
re u
sele
ss u
nles
s th
e co
nditi
ons—
envir
onm
enta
l man
agem
ent c
riter
ia—
they
est
ablis
h ar
e im
plem
ente
d!–
USA
ID E
nviro
nmen
tal P
roce
dure
s th
eref
ore
requ
ire
impl
emen
tatio
n
37/
11/2
016
4
USA
ID R
EQU
IREM
ENT
S A
RE
SPEC
IFIC
Wha
t do
es t
he A
DS
say?
Team
Lea
ders
and
Act
ivity
M
anag
ers
or C
OR
/AO
Rs m
ust
activ
ely
man
age
and
mon
itor
com
plia
nce
with
any
IEE/
EA
cond
ition
s, m
odify
ing
or e
ndin
g ac
tiviti
es n
ot in
com
plia
nce.
(A
DS
202.
3.6
, 204
.3.4
and
30
3.2.
f
LOP
Envi
ronm
enta
l Com
plia
nce:
•En
viro
nmen
tal c
onsi
dera
tions
m
ust
be t
aken
into
acc
ount
in
activ
ity p
lann
ing.
•N
o ac
tiviti
es m
ay b
e im
plem
ente
d w
ithou
t ap
prov
ed
Reg
. 216
env
iron
men
tal
docu
men
tatio
n.
•A
ny r
esul
ting
miti
gatio
n an
d m
onito
ring
con
ditio
ns a
re:
1.w
ritt
en in
to c
ontr
act
inst
rum
ents
.
2.im
plem
ente
d, a
nd t
his
impl
emen
tatio
n is
mon
itore
d
USA
ID IS
RE
QU
IRE
D
TO
IMP
LEM
EN
T A
ND
M
ON
ITO
R IE
E/E
A
CO
ND
ITIO
NS.
7/11
/201
65
IMPL
EMEN
TAT
ION
OF
IEE/
EA C
ON
DIT
ION
S
Prac
tical
ly, im
plem
enta
tion
& m
onito
ring
of m
it. &
mon
. con
ditio
ns re
quire
s th
at:
1.U
SAID
com
mun
icat
es a
pplic
able
IE
E/EA
con
ditio
ns t
o th
e IP
*
2.A
Com
plet
e En
viro
nmen
tal
Miti
gatio
n an
d M
onito
ring
Pla
n (E
MM
P) e
xist
s
3.Pr
ojec
t w
orkp
lans
and
bud
gets
in
tegr
ate
the
EMM
P
4.Pr
ojec
t re
port
ing
trac
ks
impl
emen
tatio
n of
the
EM
MP
*Exc
ept T
itle
II pa
rtne
rs, w
ho w
rite
thei
r ow
n IE
Es.
EMM
PS a
re
criti
cal.
Wha
t ar
e th
ey?
EMM
PS a
re
criti
cal.
Wha
t ar
e th
ey?
7/11
/201
66
•A
LLth
e m
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s re
quire
d by
the
IE
E or
EA
•In
dica
tors
or
crite
ria
for
mon
itori
ng t
heir
im
plem
enta
tion
& e
ffect
iven
ess
•w
ho is
re
spon
sibl
e fo
r m
itiga
tion
and
mon
itori
ng
AN
EM
MP
SET
S O
UT:
Act
ivity
Adv
erse
Im
pact
sM
itiga
tion
Mea
sure
Mon
itorin
g In
dica
tors
/C
riter
ia
Mon
itorin
g &
R
epor
ting
Sche
dule
Res
pons
ible
Pa
rty(
ies)
Car
ry o
ver
from
the
IEE
only
th
ose
activ
ities
with
con
ditio
ns
(e.g
., “ne
gativ
e de
term
inat
ion
with
co
nditi
ons”
)
Car
ry o
ver
from
the
IEE
only
th
ose
activ
ities
with
con
ditio
ns
(e.g
., “ne
gativ
e de
term
inat
ion
with
co
nditi
ons”
)
To d
eter
min
e if
miti
gatio
n is
in p
lace
and
effe
ctiv
e
(e.g
., vi
sual
insp
ectio
n fo
r le
akag
e ar
ound
pit
latr
ine;
se
dim
enta
tion
at s
trea
m
cros
sing
, etc
.)
To d
eter
min
e if
miti
gatio
n is
in p
lace
and
effe
ctiv
e
(e.g
., vi
sual
insp
ectio
n fo
r le
akag
e ar
ound
pit
latr
ine;
se
dim
enta
tion
at s
trea
m
cros
sing
, etc
.)
If w
ell s
peci
fied,
exc
erpt
di
rect
ly fr
om t
he IE
E;If
not
wel
l spe
cifie
d in
IEE,
de
fine
in b
ette
r de
tail
If w
ell s
peci
fied,
exc
erpt
di
rect
ly fr
om t
he IE
E;If
not
wel
l spe
cifie
d in
IEE,
de
fine
in b
ette
r de
tail
(e.g
., m
onito
r w
eekl
y, re
port
in q
uart
erly
re
port
s an
d m
ore
freq
uent
ly u
nder
sp
ecifi
ed c
ondi
tions
)
(e.g
., m
onito
r w
eekl
y, re
port
in q
uart
erly
re
port
s an
d m
ore
freq
uent
ly u
nder
sp
ecifi
ed c
ondi
tions
)
For
miti
gatio
n, a
nd f
or
mon
itori
ng a
nd
repo
rtin
g. (m
ay d
iffer
)
For
miti
gatio
n, a
nd f
or
mon
itori
ng a
nd
repo
rtin
g. (m
ay d
iffer
)
TH
E EM
MP:
A S
IMPL
E TO
OL
Basi
c EM
MP
tem
plat
e (s
ee E
MM
P
tem
plat
e pr
ovid
ed in
tra
inin
g m
ater
ials
)
7/11
/201
67
TH
E EM
MP:
A F
LEX
IBLE
TO
OL
Mor
e so
phist
icate
d EM
MP
form
ats
can
inclu
de:
1.Bu
dget
ing
info
rmat
ion
–H
ow m
uch
will
a m
itiga
tion
or
mon
itori
ng m
easu
re c
ost?
–W
hat
is t
he L
OE
invo
lved
?
2.A
Mon
itori
ng L
og s
ectio
n
–W
here
miti
gatio
n im
plem
enta
tion
info
rmat
ion
or m
onito
ring
res
ults
are
re
cord
ed
3.O
ther
Sug
gest
ions
?
We
will
rev
iew
an
EMM
P fo
rmat
with
th
ese
feat
ures
7/11
/201
68
An
effe
ctiv
e EM
MP
is s
peci
fic
+ re
alis
tic
•T
he E
MM
P m
ust
spec
ify p
ract
ical
m
itiga
tion
mea
sure
s
•T
he E
MM
P of
ten
“tra
nsla
tes”
IEE
cond
ition
s th
at a
re w
ritt
en in
ver
y ge
nera
l ter
ms
•Im
plem
entin
g th
ese
cond
ition
s re
quire
s fir
st t
rans
latin
g th
em in
to
spec
ific
miti
gatio
n ac
tions
HO
W D
O W
E D
O T
HIS
?Fo
r ex
ampl
e, W
ASH
-rel
ated
IEE
cond
ition
s m
ight
sta
te:
“wel
ls s
hall
be s
ited
to m
inim
ize
the
poss
ibili
ty o
f con
tam
inat
ion.
”
Or e
ven
mor
e ge
nera
lly:
“wel
ls s
hall
be s
ited
cons
iste
nt w
ith
good
pra
ctic
es.”
7/11
/201
69
EMM
PS B
UIL
D O
N S
TA
ND
AR
DS
& B
EST
PR
AC
TIC
E
For o
ur w
ell s
iting
exa
mpl
e :Id
entif
y an
d ad
opt
sitin
g cr
iteri
a fr
om
rele
vant
res
ourc
es
•T
he s
peci
fic m
itiga
tion
actio
n/ m
easu
re in
th
e EM
MP
is:
–“C
ompl
ianc
e w
ith p
roje
ct w
ell-s
iting
cr
iteri
a”—
atta
ch t
his
crite
ria
to t
he
EMM
P an
d m
ake
a ch
eckl
ist
for
use
by fi
eld
team
s an
d M
onito
ring
&
Eval
uatio
n (M
&E)
sta
ffSP
HER
E ST
AN
DA
RD
S
USA
ID S
ECTO
REN
VIRO
NM
ENTA
LG
UID
ELIN
ES
ETC
.
HO
ST-C
OU
NT
RY S
TAN
DA
RD
S
Det
erm
inin
g sp
ecifi
c m
itiga
tion
actio
ns
star
ts w
ith r
evie
w o
f app
ropr
iate
st
anda
rds
or b
est
prac
tice
guid
ance
7/11
/201
610
BEST
PR
AC
TIC
E G
UID
AN
CE:
WEL
L SI
TIN
G
CR
ITER
IAM
INIM
UM
dist
ance
s fr
om p
oten
tial s
ourc
es o
f co
ntam
inat
ion
for
wel
l siti
ng:
•45
m fr
om a
pre
para
tion
or s
tora
ge a
rea
for
agro
chem
ical
s, fu
els,
or
indu
stri
al c
hem
ical
s
•25
m fr
om c
essp
ools
, lea
chin
g pi
ts, a
nd d
ry
wel
ls
•15
m fr
om a
bur
ied
sew
er, s
eptic
tan
k,
subs
urfa
ce d
ispo
sal f
ield
, gra
ve a
nim
al o
r po
ultr
y ya
rd o
r bu
ildin
g, la
trin
e pi
t, or
oth
er
cont
amin
ants
tha
t m
ay d
rain
into
the
soi
l
•M
ore
than
45m
from
a s
eptic
tan
k le
ach
field
LET
’S D
ISC
USS
A
NO
TH
ER E
XA
MPL
E:
7/11
/201
611
HEA
LTH
SER
VIC
ES C
APA
CIT
Y &
PO
LIC
Y
IEE
stip
ulat
es t
hat:
“Cap
acity
bui
ldin
g an
d po
licy
deve
lopm
ent
supp
ort
to p
ublic
hea
lth d
eliv
ery
and
man
agem
ent
syst
ems
mus
t in
volv
e al
l fea
sibl
e ef
fort
s to
ass
ure
that
the
se s
yste
ms:
•ad
dres
s an
d su
ppor
t pr
oper
was
te
man
agem
ent
(incl
udin
g ha
ndlin
g, la
belin
g, tr
eatm
ent,
stor
age,
tra
nspo
rt a
nd d
ispo
sal
of m
edic
al w
aste
);
•ad
dres
s an
d su
ppor
t th
e ca
paci
ty o
f m
edic
al fa
cilit
ies
for
was
te m
anag
emen
t;
•pr
iori
tize
envi
ronm
enta
l hea
lth
cons
ider
atio
ns.”
To “
tran
slat
e” t
hese
IEE
cond
ition
s, th
e EM
MP
will
nee
d to
:
•id
entif
y an
app
ropr
iate
w
aste
man
agem
ent
stan
dard
; and
•sp
ecify
wha
t is
rea
listic
, gi
ven
that
the
pro
ject
w
ill n
ot h
ave
dire
ct
cont
rol o
ver
thes
e sy
stem
s
7/11
/201
612
HO
W A
RE
EMM
PS B
EIN
G R
EQU
IRED
?
12
A k
ey “
less
on le
arne
d” fr
om 4
0 ye
ars
of w
orld
-wid
e EI
A e
xper
ienc
e …
impl
emen
tatio
n of
env
ironm
enta
l con
ditio
ns r
equi
res
EMM
Ps t
hat
are
inco
rpor
ated
in w
orkp
lans
and
budg
ets
Thre
e m
echa
nism
s:
•T
echn
ical
dir
ectio
n fr
om C
OR
or
AO
R
•R
equi
red
by c
ontr
act/
agre
emen
t
•R
equi
red
by M
YA
P gu
idan
ce
(Titl
e II
only
)
MO
RE
ABO
UT
TH
IS…
7/11
/201
613
USA
ID R
EQU
IREM
ENT
S A
RE
SPEC
IFIC
PA
RT II
WH
AT D
OES
TH
E A
DS
SAY
?
AD
S re
quire
s“i
ncor
pora
ting.
. . m
itiga
tive
mea
sure
s id
entif
ied
in IE
Es
[and
] EA
s in
to im
plem
enta
tion
inst
rum
ents
for
prog
ram
s, pr
ojec
ts, a
ctiv
ities
or
amen
dmen
ts.”
(204
.3.4
.a.6
;also
303
.3.6
.3e)
LOP
Envi
ronm
enta
l Com
plia
nce:
•En
viro
nmen
tal c
onsi
dera
tions
mus
t be
ta
ken
into
acc
ount
in a
ctiv
ity p
lann
ing.
•N
o ac
tiviti
es m
ay b
e im
plem
ente
d w
ithou
t ap
prov
ed R
eg. 2
16
envi
ronm
enta
l doc
umen
tatio
n.
•A
ny r
esul
ting
miti
gatio
n an
d m
onito
ring
con
ditio
ns a
re:
1.w
ritt
en in
to c
ontr
act
inst
rum
ents
.
2.im
plem
ente
d, a
nd t
his
impl
emen
tatio
n is
mon
itore
d
USA
ID IS
REQ
UIR
ED T
O
WR
ITE
IEE/
EA
CO
ND
ITIO
NS
INTO
AW
AR
DS.
7/11
/201
614
CU
RR
ENT
BES
T P
RA
CT
ICE
EXC
EED
S R
EQU
IREM
ENT
USA
ID is
incr
easi
ngly
usi
ng
best
-pra
ctic
e en
viro
nmen
tal
com
plia
nce
lang
uage
that
goe
s be
yond
the
AD
S m
inim
um
New
aw
ards
and
sig
nific
ant
mod
ifica
tions
are
req
uiri
ng
that
:
•Th
e pa
rtne
r ver
ifies
cur
rent
and
pl
anne
d ac
tiviti
es a
nnua
lly a
gain
st
the
scop
e of
the
RCE/
IEE/
EA
•Th
e ne
cess
ary
mec
hani
sms
and
budg
et fo
r par
tner
impl
emen
tatio
n of
IEE/
EA c
ondi
tions
are
in p
lace
To a
ssur
e th
at p
roje
cts
do n
ot “c
reep
” out
of
com
plia
nce
as a
ctivi
ties
are
mod
ified
and
add
ed
to o
ver t
heir
life
SPEC
IFIC
ALL
Y:
•Co
mpl
ete
EMM
P e
xist
s/is
deve
lope
d
•W
orkp
lans
and
budg
ets
inte
grat
e th
e EM
MP
•Pr
ojec
t rep
ortin
g tra
cks
EMM
P im
plem
enta
tion
And
new
sol
icit
atio
ns r
equi
re t
hat
Prop
osal
s ad
dres
s qu
alifi
catio
ns a
nd
prop
osed
app
roac
hes
to
com
plia
nce/
ESD
M fo
r en
viro
nmen
tally
com
plex
act
iviti
es.
7/11
/201
615
SOU
RC
E O
F BE
ST-P
RA
CT
ICE
LAN
GU
AG
E
•A
n A
DS
“Add
ition
al H
elp”
do
cum
ent
•Ea
sy s
tep-
by-s
tep
guid
ance
and
“b
oile
rpla
te”
lang
uage
•Fo
r R
FAs/
RFP
s/ a
gree
men
ts/
gran
ts/ c
ontr
acts
•O
ptio
nal…
bu
t its
use
is s
tron
gly
enco
urag
ed
15
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ilabl
e fr
om:
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icy/
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df
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onm
enta
l Com
plia
nce:
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r Use
in S
olici
tatio
ns a
nd
Awar
ds (E
CL)
7/11
/201
616
ECL
PRO
MO
TES
CO
MPL
IAN
CE
+ ES
DM
, AN
D …
USA
ID M
ISSI
ON
STA
FFIM
PLEM
ENT
ING
PA
RTN
ERS
Prov
ides
cla
rity
reg
ardi
ng e
nviro
nmen
tal
com
plia
nce
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
Prev
ents
“un
fund
ed m
anda
tes”
—re
quire
men
ts t
o im
plem
ent
miti
gatio
n an
d m
onito
ring
afte
r ac
tivity
has
co
mm
ence
d an
d w
ithou
t ad
ditio
nal
budg
et.
Ass
ures
tha
t en
viro
nmen
tal m
onito
ring
an
d re
port
ing
is in
tegr
ated
into
rout
ine
activ
ity m
onito
ring
and
repo
rtin
g; re
duce
s th
e co
st a
nd e
ffort
of U
SAID
ve
rific
atio
n/ov
ersi
ght.
Avo
ids
the
effo
rt, c
osts
and
loss
of g
ood
will
tha
t co
me
from
impo
sing
“c
orre
ctiv
e co
mpl
ianc
e” m
easu
res
afte
r im
plem
enta
tion
has
star
ted.
Mis
sion
s an
d ce
ntra
lly fu
nded
pro
gram
s ar
e in
crea
sing
ly u
sing
the
EC
L. P
artn
ers
shou
ld e
xpec
t th
at fu
ture
sol
icita
tions
and
aw
ards
will
inco
rpor
ate
ECL-
base
d en
viro
nmen
tal c
ompl
ianc
e la
ngua
ge.
BEN
EFIT
S BO
TH
MIS
SIO
N S
TAFF
& P
ART
NER
S:
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E17
HO
W A
RE
EMM
PS A
PPRO
VED
?
•EM
MP
mus
t be
app
rove
d by
the
pro
ject
CO
R o
r AO
R
•EM
MP
is u
sual
ly s
ubm
itted
and
app
rove
d w
ith t
he p
roje
ct
wor
kpla
n or
PM
P
•EM
MP
may
als
o be
sub
mitt
ed w
ith t
he p
roje
ct IE
E (t
ypic
al fo
r Titl
e II
part
ner
MYA
P IE
Es)
•So
met
imes
add
ition
al r
evie
w b
y th
e M
EO o
r R
EA
7/11
/201
618
Syst
em r
econ
stru
cted
in e
arly
19
80s
Abs
trac
ts w
ater
from
hig
h-le
vel
rive
r so
urce
and
irr
igat
es 1
40 H
a (2
par
cels
; val
ley
& h
illsi
de la
nds)
One
dam
is m
ade
of b
rush
, str
aw,
soil,
and
ston
e
Oth
er d
am is
mad
e of
sto
ne a
nd
soil
Wat
er s
ourc
e is
low
in s
alts
; ris
k of
so
il sa
liniz
atio
n is
min
imal
18
PRO
JEC
T B
RIE
FIN
G:
Div
ersi
on w
orks
at
the
head
of
the
syst
em
EMM
P EX
AM
PLE:
IR
RIG
ATIO
N R
EHA
BILI
TAT
ION
7/11
/201
619
Exis
ting
cana
ls u
sed
for
man
y pu
rpos
es: i
rrig
atio
n, b
athi
ng,
drin
king
wat
er, l
aund
ry. .
.
At
end
of t
he d
ry s
easo
n, n
ot
enou
gh w
ater
for
all p
lots
Dur
ing
heav
y ra
ins,
cana
ls fi
ll w
ith
sedi
men
t fr
om h
illsi
de e
rosi
on—
resu
lt: n
ot e
noug
h w
ater
for
all
plot
s
No
adja
cent
wet
land
nor
cri
tical
w
ildlif
e ha
bita
t
PRO
JEC
T B
RIE
FIN
G:
Doi
ng la
undr
y in
the
can
al
EMM
P EX
AM
PLE:
IR
RIG
ATIO
N R
EHA
BILI
TAT
ION
7/11
/201
620
•C
anal
s ar
e ha
nd m
ade
and
car
ry
open
wat
er fr
om u
pstr
eam
•R
oads
are
in p
oor
cond
ition
—di
fficu
lt to
get
cro
ps o
ut
•Sy
stem
mai
nten
ance
com
mitt
ee is
no
t fu
nctio
nal
•A
lloca
tion:
land
reg
istr
atio
n to
re
ceiv
e ir
riga
tion
wat
er w
as d
one
in
earl
y 19
80s;
no n
ew p
lots
can
be
regi
ster
ed (b
ut t
heft
from
the
sys
tem
is
pos
sibl
e)
PRO
JEC
T B
RIE
FIN
G:
Surr
ound
ing
hills
ide
is c
ompl
etel
y de
fore
sted
TH
ERE
AR
E M
AN
Y B
ASE
LIN
E IS
SUES
TH
AT A
RE
NO
T IM
PAC
TS
OF
TH
E R
EHA
BILI
TAT
ION
, BU
T S
HO
ULD
BE
AD
DR
ESSE
D IN
TH
E EM
MP
EMM
P EX
AM
PLE:
IR
RIG
ATIO
N R
EHA
BILI
TAT
ION
7/11
/201
621
EXC
ERPT
OF
IMPA
CT
S/BA
SELI
NE
ISSU
ES A
ND
MIT
IGAT
ION
SEM
MP
EXA
MPL
E:
IRR
IGAT
ION
REH
ABI
LITA
TIO
NSU
B-A
CT
IVIT
Y
OR
C
OM
PON
ENT
DES
CR
IPT
ION
OF
AD
VER
SE
IMPA
CT
/BA
SELI
NE
ISSU
EM
ITIG
ATIO
N M
EASU
RES
#
Dam
& p
rim
ary
cana
ls r
e-co
nstr
ucti
on
/rep
lace
men
t &
su
bseq
uent
op
erat
ion
Floo
ding
of i
rrig
ated
are
as/ d
amag
e to
sys
tem
dur
ing
high
-flow
ev
ents
Des
ign
so t
hat
exce
ss o
f wat
er w
on’t
dam
age
syst
ems
(exc
ess
flow
div
ersi
on, r
emov
able
dam
etc
….)
1
Soil
eros
ion
from
hill
side
s an
d
seco
ndar
y/te
rtia
ry c
anal
sIn
stal
l &
pro
perl
y op
erat
e flo
w r
egul
atio
n st
ruct
ures
for
seco
ndar
y ca
nals
2
Prot
ect
uppe
r sl
ope
with
frui
t tr
ees
(man
goes
, citr
us,
avoc
ado)
and
nat
ive
fore
st t
rees
3
Wat
er lo
sses
(fr
om e
vapo
ratio
n an
d le
achi
ng b
ut a
lso
from
can
al b
lock
age
from
dir
t, de
bris
etc
….)
Line
pri
mar
y ca
nals
with
con
cret
e4
Trai
n w
ater
com
mitt
ee o
n he
avy
rain
afte
r-m
aint
enan
ce5
Hea
lth is
sue
(dri
nkin
g ir
riga
tion
wat
er b
ecau
se it
app
ears
cle
aner
)C
omm
unity
edu
catio
n on
wat
er q
ualit
y/us
e/m
anag
emen
tW
ater
com
mitt
ee t
o en
forc
e us
e re
stri
ctio
ns6
Wat
er c
onta
min
atio
n fr
om a
nim
als,
cons
truc
tion
Prov
ide
sepa
rate
wat
er p
oint
s fo
r co
nstr
uctio
n w
ashi
ng
stat
ions
and
ani
mal
wat
erin
g7
Soci
al im
pact
of i
nequ
ality
of w
ater
us
e in
crea
sing
# o
f peo
ple
usin
g th
e w
ater
-Exi
stin
g w
ater
com
mitt
ee r
einf
orce
men
t-L
and
Reg
istr
atio
n8
Road
re
habi
litat
ion:
br
idge
s &
dr
aina
ge w
orks
Incr
ease
d D
efor
esta
tion
(due
to
incr
ease
d ea
se o
f acc
ess)
Wor
k w
ith lo
cal o
ffici
als
to c
ontr
ol d
efor
esta
tion
9
Incr
ease
d se
dim
enta
tion
from
enh
ance
d ro
ad d
rain
age
Sedi
men
tatio
n co
ntro
l (si
lt sc
reen
and
hay
bai
ls-
loca
l wee
ds)
107/
11/2
016
FOO
TER
GO
ES H
ERE
22
AN
D F
INA
LLY.
. .T
HE
EMM
P IT
SELF
(USE
S A
TITL
E II
FORM
AT T
HAT
INCL
UD
ES A
M
ON
ITO
RIN
G R
ESU
LTS
LOG
).
Herve Jean-Charles
7/11
/201
623
MIT
IGA
TIO
NM
EASU
RE
RES
PON
SIBL
E PA
RT
Y
MO
NIT
OR
ING
SC
HEM
EES
T.
CO
STM
ON
ITO
RIN
G L
OG
IND
ICA
TO
RS
DA
TA
SO
UR
CE/
M
ETH
OD
HO
W
OFT
END
AT
ER
ESU
LTFO
LLO
W-
UP
2. In
stal
l &
pr
oper
ly
oper
ate
cana
l-le
vel f
low
re
gula
tion
stru
ctur
es
Proj
ect
agri
cultu
ral
tech
nici
an
•#
of d
oors
and
oth
er fl
ow-
cont
rol s
truc
ture
s in
stal
led
% o
f Ha.
unde
r flo
w c
ontr
ol
% o
f se
cond
ary
& t
ertia
ry
cana
ls s
how
ing
sign
ifica
nt
eros
ion
dam
age
afte
r ea
ch
grow
ing
seas
on
Rep
orts
Fiel
d vi
sit
Qua
rter
ly
3. P
rote
ct
uppe
r sl
ope
with
frui
t (m
ango
es,
citr
us, a
voca
do)
and
fore
st t
rees
Proj
ect
agri
cultu
ral
tech
nici
an
# of
tre
es p
lant
ed a
nd
surv
ived
%
of
at-r
isk
uppe
r sl
ope
land
pro
tect
ed
to
tal m
3 of
sed
imen
t re
mov
ed fr
om c
anal
s ov
er
each
rai
ny s
easo
n.
Rep
orts
Fiel
d vi
sit
Com
pari
son
with
bas
elin
e in
form
atio
n
Qua
rter
ly
/Ann
ual
4. L
ine
prim
ary
cana
ls w
ith
conc
rete
Engi
neer
ing
C
ontr
acto
r •%
of p
rim
ary
cana
ls li
ned
with
co
ncre
te.
•# o
f add
ition
al h
ecta
res
irri
gate
d
Rep
orts
Fiel
d vi
sit
Com
pari
son
with
bas
elin
e in
form
atio
n
Qua
rter
ly
EXC
ERPT
OF
EMM
P A
ND
M
ON
ITO
RIN
G L
OG
EMM
P EX
AM
PLE:
IR
RIG
ATIO
N R
EHA
BILI
TAT
ION
Helen Ho/USAID
7/11
/201
624
Tha
nk y
ouT
hank
you
7/11
/201
61
Rol
es, R
espo
nsib
ilitie
s &
R
esou
rces GEM
S En
viro
nmen
tal C
ompl
ianc
e-ES
DM
Tra
inin
g Se
ries
Kab
ul ▪
July
/ A
ugus
t 20
16
7/11
/201
62
•U
SAID
’s A
utom
ated
Dire
ctiv
es
Syst
em (A
DS)
set
s ou
t m
anda
tory
pro
cedu
res,
role
s &
re
spon
sibi
litie
s fo
r:
–“U
pstr
eam
com
plia
nce:
” D
esig
n &
22
CFR
216
pr
oces
s.
–“D
owns
trea
m c
ompl
ianc
e:”
impl
emen
ting
IEE
& E
A
cond
ition
s.
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L C
OM
PLIA
NC
E &
TH
E A
UTO
MAT
ED D
IREC
TIV
ES
SYST
EM (
AD
S)
7/11
/201
63
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L C
OM
PLIA
NC
E &
TH
E A
DS
CO
MPL
IAN
CE
REQ
UIR
EMEN
TR
ESPO
NSI
BLE
PART
IES
AD
S R
EFER
ENC
E
Envi
ronm
enta
l co
nsid
erat
ions
in
activ
ity p
lann
ing
Team
Lea
ders
, A
ctiv
ity M
anag
ers
201.
3.16
.3.b
204
.3.3
No
activ
ity im
plem
ente
dw
ithou
t ap
prov
ed R
eg. 2
16 e
nviro
nmen
tal
docu
men
tatio
n
CO
R/A
OR
/A
ctiv
ity M
anag
er20
1.3.
16.1
6.4.
i 20
4.3.
120
4.3.
3.b
303.
3.2.
e
IEE
& E
A c
ondi
tions
in
corp
orat
ed in
to p
rocu
rem
ent
inst
rum
ents
CO
R/A
OR
/A
ctiv
ity M
anag
er;
Agr
eem
ent
Offi
cer
204.
3.4.
a.6
303.
3.6.
2e
IEE
& E
A c
ondi
tions
are
im
plem
ente
d, a
nd
impl
emen
tatio
n is
mon
itore
d &
ad
just
ed a
s ne
cess
ary
CO
R/A
OR
202.
3.6;
204.
3.4.
b30
3.2.
f
Envi
ronm
enta
l com
plia
nce
docu
men
tatio
n is
mai
ntai
ned
PO, C
OR
/AO
R, T
eam
Le
ader
, MEO
202.
3.4.
6
Ove
rarc
hing
re
quir
emen
t:O
pera
ting
units
m
ust
have
sys
tem
s in
pla
ce fo
r en
viro
nmen
tal
com
plia
nce
over
lif
e of
pro
ject
&
mus
t m
ake
suffi
cien
t re
sour
ces
avai
labl
e fo
r th
is p
urpo
se
(204
.3.4
)
AD
S 20
4 (“
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L PR
OC
EDU
RES
”) IS
TH
E C
OR
E A
DS
REF
EREN
CE.
BU
T
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L C
OM
PLIA
NC
E IS
MA
INST
REA
MED
TH
ROU
GH
OU
T T
HE
AD
S.
7/11
/201
64
•A
ppro
ved
22 C
FR 2
16 d
ocum
ents
ar
e ke
pt in
tw
o pl
aces
–in
offi
cial
pro
ject
file
s m
aint
aine
d by
MEO
and
/or
C/A
OR
–in
offi
cial
BEO
file
s
•22
CFR
216
.10
mak
es a
ll of
th
ese
avai
labl
e to
the
pub
lic
–A
genc
y-w
ide
sear
chab
le d
atab
ase
of
all
Reg
. 216
doc
s ap
prov
ed s
ince
200
0:
http
://ge
min
i.inf
o.us
aid.
gov/
egat
/env
com
p/
•A
nnua
l rep
ortin
g is
req
uire
d
A N
OT
E A
BOU
T
REC
OR
D K
EEPI
NG
•A
t ea
ch U
SAID
Mis
sion
…
–U
SAID
/Afg
hani
stan
= H
arry
Bot
tenb
erg
–Q
ualit
y A
ssur
ance
/Qua
lity
Con
trol
rev
iew
er fo
r R
eg.
216
docs
•C
lear
s R
eg. 2
16 d
ocs
befo
re t
hey
go t
o M
issi
on D
irect
or
•M
issi
on c
ompl
ianc
e ad
viso
r an
d co
ordi
nato
r; as
sist
s in
co
mpl
ianc
e m
onito
ring
•M
issi
on p
oint
of c
onta
ct t
o R
egio
nal E
nv. A
dvis
or a
nd
Bure
au E
nviro
nmen
tal O
ffice
r
7/11
/201
65
MIS
SIO
N E
NV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L O
FFIC
ER
•Ba
sed
in r
egio
nal M
issi
ons
–U
SAID
/Cen
tral a
nd S
outh
Asia
= A
ndre
i D. B
aran
nik
•En
viro
nmen
tal c
ompl
ianc
e te
chni
cal a
ssis
tanc
e to
Mis
sion
s
•Pr
ovid
es q
ualit
y as
sura
nce
and
qual
ity c
ontr
ol o
f Reg
. 216
do
cum
enta
tion
befo
re it
goe
s to
the
Bur
eau
Envi
ronm
enta
l O
ffice
r
7/11
/201
66
REG
ION
AL
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L A
DV
ISO
R
•Ba
sed
in W
ashi
ngto
n, D
.C.
–U
SAID
/Afg
hani
stan
= Jo
hn W
ilson
•O
vers
ee e
nviro
nmen
tal c
ompl
ianc
e in
the
ir B
urea
u
•Pr
imar
y de
cisi
on m
aker
s on
22
CFR
216
thr
esho
ld
deci
sion
s fo
r ac
tiviti
es u
nder
the
pur
view
of t
heir
Bur
eau
7/11
/201
67
BUR
EAU
EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TAL
OFF
ICER
S
7/11
/201
68
SEC
TOR
TEA
MS
& M
ISSI
ON
MA
NA
GEM
ENT
The
MEO
is a
m
embe
r of
eve
ry
sect
or t
eam
(A
DS
204.
3.5)
CO
RS/
AO
RS
& A
CT
IVIT
Y M
AN
AG
ERS
Ensu
re R
eg. 2
16 d
ocum
enta
tion
in p
lace
. En
sure
IEE/
EA c
ondi
tions
& c
ompl
ianc
e re
quire
men
ts in
corp
orat
ed in
to p
rocu
rem
ent
inst
rum
ents
. M
onito
r co
mpl
ianc
e w
ith IE
E/EA
co
nditi
ons
& m
odify
or
end
activ
ities
not
in
com
plia
nce.
TEA
M L
EAD
ERS
Ove
rsee
C
OR
s/A
OR
s.
Ensu
re t
hat
thei
r te
ams
have
en
viro
nmen
tal
com
plia
nce
syst
em in
pla
ce.
MIS
SIO
N D
IREC
TOR
Ulti
mat
ely
resp
onsi
ble
for
envi
ronm
enta
l co
mpl
ianc
e.
Man
dato
ry c
lear
ance
on
all
Reg
. 216
en
viro
nmen
tal
docu
men
tatio
n.
Prim
ary
Res
pons
ibili
ty fo
r En
viro
nmen
tal C
ompl
ianc
e
7/11
/201
69
Age
ncy
Envi
ronm
enta
l Coo
rdin
ator
, O
ffice
of t
he G
ener
al C
ouns
el
Whe
n th
e BE
Oan
d M
D c
anno
t ag
ree
rega
rdin
g a
thre
shol
d de
cisi
on, t
he
issu
e go
es t
o th
e A
ssis
tant
A
dmin
istr
ator
(A
A)
with
AEC
co
nsul
tatio
n
AG
ENC
Y E
NV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L C
OO
RD
INAT
OR
(A
EC)
Coo
rdin
ates
22
CFR
216
impl
emen
tatio
n &
adv
ises
re
gard
ing
the
appl
icat
ion
of R
eg. 2
16 in
new
situ
atio
ns.
Con
curs
in A
A’s
appo
intm
ents
of B
EOs.
Coo
rdin
ates
EIS
pro
cess
for
USA
ID (
rare
).
REG
ION
AL
LEG
AL
AD
VIS
OR
S (R
LAS)
prov
ide
lega
l adv
ice
on
envi
ronm
enta
l com
plia
nce
to fi
eld
staf
f. So
me
regi
ons
requ
ire R
LA c
lear
ance
on
Reg
. 216
doc
umen
ts.
ASS
ISTA
NT
GEN
ERA
L C
OU
NSE
LS (
AG
CS)
prov
ide
lega
l adv
ice
to
BEO
s &
RLA
s on
en
viro
nmen
tal
com
plia
nce
in t
heir
re
gion
s.
•W
ho w
rite
s?
–A
OR
/CO
R r
espo
nsib
le fo
r en
suri
ng t
hat
Reg
. 216
doc
umen
tatio
n in
pla
ce.
–C
an e
ngag
e a
cons
ulta
nt/c
ontr
acto
r to
dev
elop
—En
viro
nmen
tal A
sses
smen
ts
alm
ost
alw
ays
deve
lope
d by
3rd
par
ty c
onsu
ltant
s. (H
owev
er, I
EEs
mus
t be
de
velo
ped
by t
echn
ical
sta
ff at
the
mis
sion
).
–U
SAID
is r
espo
nsib
le fo
r co
nten
ts/d
eter
min
atio
ns
NO
MAT
TER
WH
O D
EVEL
OPS
IT!
•W
ho c
lear
s?
–C
OR
/AO
R, A
ctiv
ity M
anag
er o
r Tea
m L
eade
r
–M
EO (
for
Mis
sion
)
–R
EA (
depe
ndin
g on
Mis
sion
/reg
iona
l pol
icy)
–M
issi
on D
irec
tor
or
Was
hing
ton
equi
vale
nt c
lear
s
–B
urea
u E
nvir
onm
enta
l Offi
cer
clea
rs/a
ppro
ves.
(IEE
not
appr
oved
unt
il BE
O c
lear
s)R
espo
nsib
ility
/aut
hori
ty c
anno
t be
del
egat
ed.
7/11
/201
610
REG
. 216
DO
CS:
WH
O W
RIT
ES?
WH
O C
LEA
RS?
Req
uire
d by
R
eg. 2
16
7/11
/201
611
WH
O IS
RES
PON
SIBL
E?
Fund
amen
tal r
espo
nsib
ility
&
acco
unta
bilit
y:
•Se
ctor
Tea
m L
eade
r
•A
ctiv
ity M
anag
ers
& C
OR
/AO
Rs
•ul
timat
ely
with
the
Mis
sion
Dire
ctor
MEO
: qua
lity
and
com
plet
enes
s re
view
er fo
r R
eg. 2
16 d
ocum
enta
tion;
co
mpl
ianc
e ad
viso
r an
d co
ordi
nato
r; as
sist
s in
com
plia
nce
mon
itori
ng.
IN T
HE
MIS
SIO
N
USA
ID
Ensu
res
Reg
. 216
doc
umen
tatio
n in
pl
ace.
Est
ablis
hes/
appr
oves
en
viro
nmen
tal m
itiga
tion
and
mon
itori
ng
cond
ition
s. Ve
rifie
s co
mpl
ianc
e.
IMPL
EMEN
TIN
G P
ART
NER
S
ALW
AYS
Impl
emen
t m
itiga
tion
and
mon
itori
ng c
ondi
tions
tha
t ap
ply
to t
heir
pr
ojec
t ac
tiviti
es &
rep
ort
to U
SAID
.
ALW
AYS
resp
onsi
ble
for
desi
gn o
f de
taile
d en
viro
nmen
tal m
itiga
tion
and
mon
itori
ng p
lan
(EM
MP)
in r
espo
nse
to
miti
gatio
n an
d m
onito
ring
con
ditio
ns
esta
blis
hed
by t
he R
eg. 2
16
docu
men
tatio
n.
SOM
ETIM
ESde
velo
p R
eg. 2
16
docu
men
tatio
n (IE
Es, E
As)
* fo
r ne
w
proj
ect
com
pone
nts;
deve
lop
subp
roje
ct
env.
revi
ew r
epor
ts (f
or
subg
rant
s/su
bpro
ject
s).
*Titl
e II
CSs
dev
elop
IEEs
as
part
of t
heir
MYA
Ps.
7/11
/201
612
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L C
OM
PLIA
NC
E V
ERIF
ICAT
ION
/OV
ERSI
GH
T B
Y U
SAID
1. P
rior
rev
iew
/app
rova
l of p
artn
er-d
evel
oped
:
–E
MM
P
ensu
re r
espo
nsiv
e to
IEE/
EA c
ondi
tions
–P
roje
ct b
udge
ts a
nd w
orkp
lans
ensu
re E
MM
P im
plem
enta
tion
plan
ned
and
fund
ed
–P
roje
ct R
epor
ting
Fra
mew
ork
ensu
re e
nviro
nmen
tal c
ompl
ianc
e re
port
ing
requ
irem
ents
are
met
2. O
ngoi
ng r
evie
w o
f par
tner
pro
gres
s re
port
sto
mon
itor
EMM
P im
plem
enta
tion
3. F
ield
vis
its:
–at
a m
inim
um, a
ll vi
sits
inte
grat
e a
quic
k ch
eck
for
sign
ifica
nt e
nv. d
esig
n/m
anag
emen
t pr
oble
ms
–Fo
r en
viro
nmen
tally
sen
sitiv
e ac
tiviti
es,
spec
ific
visi
t(s)
to
audi
t ag
ains
t EM
MP
•P
rim
ary
resp
onsi
bilit
y fo
r en
suri
ng
com
plia
nce
lies
wit
h C
OR
/AO
R
•M
EO w
ill a
lso
revi
ew/c
lear
whe
re
activ
ities
are
env
ironm
enta
lly s
ensi
tive
and/
or IE
E/EA
con
ditio
ns a
re c
ompl
ex.
•M
EO o
n di
stri
butio
n lis
t fo
r IP
’s qu
arte
rly/
sem
i-ann
ual p
roje
ct r
epor
ts
•M
ost
field
vis
its a
re b
y C
OR
/AO
R o
r M
&E
Offi
cer
•M
EO s
houl
d vi
sit
the
mos
t en
viro
nmen
tally
sen
sitiv
e ac
tiviti
es
(REA
may
ass
ist)
•C
riti
cal t
o IP
com
plia
nce
wit
h IE
E/E
A c
ondi
tion
s
•B
UT
: his
tori
cally
, pro
blem
s in
impl
emen
tati
on:
–M
any
USA
ID p
rocu
rem
ent
inst
rum
ents
hav
e N
OT
ad
equa
tely
add
ress
ed
envi
ronm
enta
l com
plia
nce
–La
ck o
f gui
danc
e re
quire
d A
/CO
Rs,
CO
s to
rep
eate
dly
“rei
nven
t th
e w
heel
”
–Pa
rtne
rs/c
ontr
acto
rs fa
il to
bu
dget
for
envi
ronm
enta
l re
quire
men
ts
7/11
/201
613
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L C
OM
PLIA
NC
E &
PR
OC
UR
EMEN
T IN
STRU
MEN
TS
TH
E SO
LUT
ION
. . .
AD
S R
equi
res.
. .
“Inc
orpo
ratin
g en
viro
nmen
tal
fact
ors
and
miti
gativ
em
easu
res
iden
tifie
d in
IEEs
, EA
s, an
d EI
Ss, a
s ap
prop
riat
e,
in t
he d
esig
n an
d th
e im
plem
enta
tion
inst
rum
ents
fo
r pr
ogra
ms,
proj
ects
, ac
tiviti
es o
r am
endm
ents
.”
(204
.3.4
(a)(
6)
7/11
/201
614
•St
ep-b
y-st
ep g
uida
nce
and
boile
rpla
te la
ngua
ge.
–Fo
r R
FAs/
RFP
s/ a
gree
men
ts/
gran
ts/ c
ontr
acts
–O
ptio
nal,
not
requ
ired
–A
DS
Hel
p D
ocum
ent.
–A
ppro
ved
by G
ener
al
Cou
nsel
.
ENV
IRO
NM
ENTA
L C
OM
PLIA
NC
E:
LAN
GU
AG
E FO
R U
SE IN
SO
LIC
ITAT
ION
S A
ND
AW
AR
DS
(EC
L)
Ava
ilabl
e fr
om w
ww
.usa
id.g
ov/p
olic
y/ad
s/20
0/20
4sac
7/11
/201
615
TH
E EC
L G
ENER
ATES
. . .
Requ
iring
that
:
Prop
osal
s ad
dres
s qu
alifi
cati
ons
and
prop
osed
ap
proa
ches
to
com
plia
nce/
E
SDM
for
envi
ronm
enta
lly
com
plex
act
iviti
es.
Requ
iring
that
:
IP v
erifi
es c
urre
nt &
pl
anne
d ac
tiviti
es a
nnua
lly
agai
nst
the
scop
e of
the
R
CE/
IEE/
EA.
The
nec
essa
ry
mec
hani
sms
and
budg
etfo
r IP
im
plem
enta
tion
of IE
E/EA
co
nditi
ons
are
in p
lace
.
To a
ssur
e th
at p
roje
cts
do n
ot
“cre
ep”
out
of c
ompl
ianc
e as
ac
tiviti
es a
re m
odifi
ed a
nd a
dded
ov
er t
heir
life
.
Spec
ifica
lly:
1. C
ompl
ete
EM
MP
exis
ts o
r is
de
velo
ped
2. W
orkp
lans
& b
udge
ts in
tegr
ate
the
EMM
P3.
Pro
ject
rep
ortin
g tr
acks
EM
MP
impl
emen
tatio
n
Best
pr
actic
eso
licita
tion
lang
uage
Best
pr
actic
eaw
ard
lang
uage
•Pr
ovid
es c
ost
& e
ffici
ency
ben
efits
to
both
Mis
sion
Sta
ff &
Im
plem
entin
g P
artn
ers.
7/11
/201
616
TH
E EC
L ST
REN
GT
HEN
S EN
VIR
ON
MEN
TALL
Y S
OU
ND
DES
IGN
& M
AN
AG
EMEN
T, A
ND
. . .
USA
ID S
TAFF
Avo
ids
the
effo
rt, c
osts
and
loss
of g
ood
will
tha
t co
me
from
impo
sing
“c
orre
ctiv
e co
mpl
ianc
e” m
easu
res
on
IPs
afte
r im
plem
enta
tion
has
star
ted.
Red
uces
USA
ID c
ost
and
effo
rt o
f env
. co
mpl
ianc
e ve
rific
atio
n/ov
ersi
ght b
y as
suri
ng t
hat
IPs
inte
grat
e en
viro
nmen
tal
com
plia
nce
repo
rtin
g in
to r
outin
e pr
ojec
t pe
rfor
man
ce r
epor
ting.
IMPL
EMEN
TIN
G P
ART
NER
S
Prov
ides
cla
rity
reg
ardi
ng e
nviro
nmen
tal
com
plia
nce
resp
onsi
bilit
ies
Prev
ents
“un
fund
ed m
anda
tes”
–U
SAID
re
quire
men
ts t
o im
plem
ent
M&
M a
fter
impl
emen
tatio
n ha
s st
arte
d &
with
out
addi
tiona
l bud
get.
•M
EOs
in e
very
bila
tera
l Mis
sion
AN
D t
he B
EOs
and
REA
s:
7/11
/201
617
WH
O C
AN
HEL
P
AFR
: Bri
an H
irsc
h (W
alte
r K
naus
enbe
rger
/Ale
xis
Erw
in);
Asi
a &
ME
: Will
Gib
son;
BFS
:B
ill T
hom
as; D
CH
A:E
rika
Cle
scer
i; E
&E
:Mar
k K
amiy
a; E
3:Te
resa
Ber
nhar
d; G
H:
Rac
hel D
agov
itz;
LA
C: J
essi
ca R
osen
(in
teri
m);
M/O
DP
: Den
nis
Dur
bin;
OA
PA: J
ohn
Wils
on; G
DL:
Dan
Eva
ns.
Joe
Torr
es C
entr
al
Am
eric
a (
El
Salv
ador
)H
enry
A
ryee
tey
Wes
t AFR
(Acc
ra)
Dia
na S
hann
onJu
dith
Mla
nda
Zvi
kara
mba
Sout
hern
AFR
(P
reto
ria)
Dav
id K
inyu
aE
ast A
FR
(Nai
robi
)Pa
ul
Schm
itdk
eSo
uth
Am
eric
a
(Per
u)
Rob
Cla
usen
Car
ibbe
an (
Dom
inic
an
Rep
ublic
)A
aron
Bro
wne
ll
RD
MA
(B
angk
ok)
WD
C
BE
Os
Ale
xand
ra H
adzi
-Vid
anov
icM
E (
Cai
ro)A
ndre
i Bar
anni
kC
entr
al &
Sou
th
Asi
a &
OA
PA
(DC
-bas
ed)
Cam
ilien
Sain
t-C
yrA
bdou
rahm
ane
N'd
iaye
Sahe
l (D
akar
)
7/11
/201
618
•U
SAID
Env
ironm
enta
l Com
plia
nce
&
Rel
ated
Lin
ks
ww
w.u
said
.gov
/our
_wor
k/en
viro
nmen
t/co
mpl
ianc
e
•22
CFR
216
w
ww
.usa
id.g
ov/o
ur_w
ork/
envi
ronm
ent/
com
plia
nce/
22cf
r216
•A
DS
Seri
es 2
00 (
with
link
to
Cha
pter
20
4)w
ww
.usa
id.g
ov/p
olic
y/ad
s/20
0
•Pl
ain-
lang
uage
ove
rvie
w o
f USA
ID’s
envi
ronm
enta
l pro
cedu
res
& t
he E
IA
proc
ess
•Se
ctor
Env
ironm
enta
l Gui
delin
es
+ m
any
othe
r re
sour
ces
w
ww
.usa
idge
ms.
org
REF
EREN
CES
&
USE
FUL
INFO
RM
ATIO
N
7/11
/201
619
FOO
TER
GO
ES H
ERE
Tha
nk y
ouT
hank
you
7/11
/201
6`1
1
Clim
ate
Cha
nge,
Pro
ject
Pla
nnin
g, a
nd
Envi
ronm
enta
l Com
plia
nce
GEM
S En
viro
nmen
tal C
ompl
ianc
e-ES
DM
Tra
inin
g Se
ries
Afg
hani
stan
▪Ju
ly/A
ugus
t 20
16
•W
hat
chan
ges
in c
limat
e ar
e yo
u al
read
y ob
serv
ing?
•W
ho is
affe
cted
by
thes
e ch
ange
s?
•H
ow d
o th
ese
chan
ges
impa
ct o
ur a
bilit
y to
ach
ieve
dev
elop
men
t go
als?
7/11
/201
62
CLI
MAT
E C
HA
NG
E &
DEV
ELO
PMEN
T
George Safonov
7/11
/201
63
•En
viro
nmen
talR
egul
atio
n21
6 (2
2 C
FR 2
16)
“Ide
ntify
impa
cts
resu
lting
from
USA
ID’s
actio
ns u
pon
the
envir
onm
ent”
“Def
ine
envir
onm
enta
l lim
iting
fact
ors
that
con
stra
in d
evel
opm
ent a
nd id
entif
y an
d ca
rry
out
activ
ities
that
ass
ist in
rest
orin
g th
e re
newa
ble
reso
urce
bas
e on
whi
ch s
usta
ined
dev
elop
men
t de
pend
s”
CLI
MAT
E C
HA
NG
E &
RE
GU
LATI
ON
216
USA
ID P
roje
ct
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E4
USA
ID C
LIM
ATE
CH
AN
GE
AN
D D
EVEL
OPM
ENT
U
SAID
s C
limat
e C
hang
e an
d D
evel
opm
ent
Stra
tegy
(201
2-20
16)
Exec
utiv
e O
rder
136
53: P
repa
ring
the
Uni
ted
Stat
es fo
r th
e Im
pact
s of
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
(201
3)
Exec
utiv
e O
rder
136
77: C
limat
e-R
esili
ent
Inte
rnat
iona
l Dev
elop
men
t (2
014)
CD
CS
deve
lopm
ent,
from
the
AD
S 20
1 (P
lann
ing)
“Thi
sor
der
requ
ires
the
inte
grat
ion
ofcli
mat
e-re
silie
nce
cons
ider
atio
nsin
toal
lU
nite
dSt
ates
inte
rnat
iona
ldev
elop
men
twor
kto
the
exte
ntpe
rmitt
edby
law.
”
“All
Miss
ions
are
requ
ired
tofu
llyco
nsid
ercli
mat
ech
ange
durin
gth
eco
untr
y-le
vel
stra
tegi
cpl
anni
ngpr
oces
s.Th
eref
ore
this
appl
ies
toal
lMiss
ions
,reg
ardl
ess
ofw
heth
erth
eyar
epr
ojec
ted
tore
ceive
fund
sor
not.”
“Stre
ngth
ende
velo
pmen
tou
tcom
esth
roug
hdi
rect
clim
ate
chan
gepr
ogra
min
vest
men
tsan
dby
inte
grat
ing
clim
ate
chan
geth
roug
hout
USA
IDpr
ogra
mm
ing”
“age
ncie
ssh
ould
prom
ote:
(1)
enga
ged
and
stro
ngpa
rtne
rshi
psan
din
form
atio
nsh
arin
gat
all
leve
lsof
gove
rnm
ent;
(2)
risk-
info
rmed
decis
ion
mak
ing
and
the
tool
sto
facil
itate
it;(3
)ad
aptiv
ele
arni
ng,i
nw
hich
expe
rienc
esse
rve
asop
port
uniti
esto
info
rman
dad
just
futu
reac
tions
;and
(4)
prep
ared
ness
plan
ning
”
7/11
/201
65
DEF
INIT
ION
SW
EAT
HER
Des
crib
es t
he c
ondi
tion
of t
he a
tmos
pher
e, u
sual
ly e
xpre
ssed
in t
erm
s of
air
tem
pera
ture
, ra
infa
ll, or
win
d sp
eed,
ove
r th
e tim
esca
le o
f day
s to
wee
ks.
CLI
MAT
E“T
he ‘a
vera
ge w
eath
er’,
or…
the
mea
n an
d va
riab
ility
of [
tem
pera
ture
, pre
cipi
tatio
n, a
nd w
ind]
ov
er a
per
iod
of t
ime
rang
ing
from
mon
ths
to t
hous
ands
or
mill
ions
of y
ears
. The
cla
ssic
al p
erio
d of
tim
e is
30
year
s, as
def
ined
by
the
WM
O”
MIT
IGAT
ION
“Int
erve
ntio
n to
red
uce
the
anth
ropo
geni
c fo
rcin
g of
the
clim
ate
syst
em; i
t in
clud
es s
trat
egie
s to
re
duce
gree
nhou
se g
as s
ourc
esan
d em
issi
ons
and
enha
nce
gree
nhou
se g
as s
inks
.”
AD
APT
ATIO
N“A
djus
tmen
t…in
res
pons
e to
act
ual o
r ex
pect
ed c
limat
ic…
effe
cts,
whi
ch m
oder
ates
har
m”
RES
ILIE
NC
E“T
he a
bilit
y of
a s
ocia
l or
ecol
ogic
al s
yste
m t
o ab
sorb
dis
turb
ance
s w
hile
ret
aini
ng t
he s
ame
basi
c st
ruct
ure
and
way
s of
func
tioni
ng…
and
the
capa
city
to
adap
t to
str
ess
and
chan
ge”
Def
initi
ons
from
IPC
C F
ourt
h A
sses
smen
t R
epor
t: C
limat
e C
hang
e 20
07
7/11
/201
66
GH
G E
MIS
SIO
NS
•Pr
inci
pal G
HG
s: ca
rbon
dio
xide
, m
etha
ne, n
itrou
s ox
ide,
flu
orin
ated
gas
es
•G
HG
em
issi
ons
have
bee
n in
crea
sing
due
to:
–Bu
rnin
g of
foss
il fu
els
–La
nd u
se a
ctiv
ities
•Pe
rcen
t of
glo
bal C
O2
emis
sion
s:
–C
hina
: 23%
–U
S: 19
%
–A
fgha
nist
an: .
003%
GH
G e
mis
sion
s by
sou
rce
as a
per
cent
age
of
tota
l GH
G e
mis
sion
s (2
004)
7/11
/201
67
•In
crea
sing
ave
rage
tem
pera
ture
s
•M
ore
extr
eme
wea
ther
eve
nts,
incl
udin
g st
rong
er s
torm
s
•C
hang
ing
prec
ipita
tion
patt
erns
(d
roug
hts,
flood
s m
ore
com
mon
)
•R
isin
g se
a le
vels
•C
hang
es in
vec
tor-
born
e di
seas
e pa
tter
ns (
e.g.
, mal
aria
, de
ngue
feve
r)
•O
cean
aci
dific
atio
n
•G
laci
ers
mel
ting
CLI
MAT
E C
HA
NG
E IM
PAC
TS
7/11
/201
6FO
OT
ER G
OES
HER
E8
CLI
MAT
E C
HA
NG
E IM
PAC
TS
IN A
FGH
AN
ISTA
N
•Pe
riod
ic d
roug
ht•
Floo
ds fr
om h
eavy
rai
nfal
l or
thaw
ing
snow
and
ice
•Fr
ost,
thun
der
and
light
enin
g•
Incr
ease
d se
veri
ty a
nd fr
eque
ncy
of
heat
wav
es•
Dis
rupt
ed a
gric
ultu
ral d
evel
opm
ent
7/11
/201
69
CLI
MAT
E C
HA
NG
E IM
PAC
TS
ON
USA
ID
PRO
JEC
TS
AG
RIC
ULT
UR
E–
Cha
nges
in r
ainf
all,
tem
pera
ture
, or
flood
ing
FOO
D –
Cha
ngin
g se
ason
s an
d flo
od/d
roug
ht p
erio
d
INFR
AST
RUC
TU
RE
–Ex
trem
e w
eath
er e
vent
s
GLO
BAL
HEA
LTH
–C
hang
ing
rang
e of
dis
ease
vec
tors
and
exa
cerb
atin
g en
viro
nmen
tal c
ondi
tions
BIO
DIV
ERSI
TY
–H
abita
t lo
ss d
ue t
o ch
angi
ng c
ondi
tions
MIG
RAT
ION
–A
s a
resu
lt of
ext
rem
e w
eath
er/n
atur
al d
isas
ters
LIV
ELIH
OO
DS
–C
hang
e in
har
vest
s, ha
bita
ts, a
nd r
esou
rce
avai
labi
lity
DEM
OC
RA
CY
AN
D G
OV
ERN
AN
CE
–C
hang
es t
o liv
elih
oods
and
eco
nom
ic g
row
th,
acce
ss t
o fo
od a
nd w
ater
, inc
reas
ed m
igra
tion
7/11
/201
610
LOO
K A
T C
LIM
ATE
INFO
RM
ATIO
NH
OW
IS C
LIM
ATE
CH
AN
GE
PRED
ICT
ED T
O C
HA
NG
E T
HE
BASE
LIN
E IN
AFG
HA
NIS
TAN
?
•Tem
pera
ture
: Do
clim
ate
mod
els
pred
ict
tem
pera
ture
ch
ange
s, su
ch a
s w
arm
ing
in t
his
regi
on?
Has
it
incr
ease
d re
cent
ly? W
hat
is t
he c
limat
e hi
stor
y? A
re
seas
onal
tem
pera
ture
s ch
ange
s pr
edic
ted?
•R
ainf
all:
Pred
icte
d to
incr
ease
, dec
reas
e, s
torm
s m
ore
freq
uent
? D
elay
in o
nset
of t
he r
ainy
sea
son?
Incr
ease
d va
riab
ility
? In
ter-
seas
onal
var
iatio
ns?
•Wat
er A
vaila
bilit
y: C
hang
ing
wat
er a
vaila
bilit
y im
pact
s ag
ricu
ltura
l pro
duct
ion,
as
wel
l as
wat
er fo
r sa
nita
tion,
in
dust
ry, e
nerg
y, an
d th
e en
viro
nmen
t, un
derm
inin
g ec
onom
ic g
row
th a
nd h
uman
sec
urity
.
•Wha
t is
the
leve
l of c
onfid
ence
tha
t th
ese
chan
ges
will
oc
cur?
•Wha
t is
the
rel
evan
t tim
e sc
ale?
7/11
/201
611
INT
EGR
ATIN
G C
LIM
ATE
CH
AN
GE
INTO
D
ESIG
N A
ND
IMPL
EMEN
TAT
ION
•Ed
ucat
e pr
ojec
t pl
anne
rs a
bout
nee
d to
con
side
r cl
imat
e im
pact
s
•Pr
ovid
e to
ols,
guid
ance
, and
acc
ess
to
clim
ate
info
rmat
ion
for
non-
expe
rts
in
sim
ple
term
s an
d la
ngua
ge
•D
esig
n pr
ojec
ts s
o th
at t
hey
are
resi
lient
to
clim
ate
chan
ge a
nd o
ther
st
ress
es a
nd m
inim
ize
GH
G e
mis
sion
s
•En
gage
sta
keho
lder
s in
pla
nnin
g an
d pr
iori
tizat
ion
http
s://w
ww
.usa
id.g
ov/c
limat
e
7/11
/201
612
AD
APT
ATIO
N M
EASU
RES
•W
ater
: rep
air
wel
ls/d
ig n
ew o
nes,
harv
estin
g/re
tent
ion,
incr
easi
ng
effic
ienc
y, en
sure
min
imum
flow
leve
ls u
sed
in d
esig
n ta
ke in
to a
ccou
nt
pred
icte
d ch
ange
s in
wat
er a
vaila
bilit
y
•A
gric
ultu
re: c
rop
dive
rsifi
catio
n, d
roug
ht-r
esis
tant
see
ds, t
ree
plan
tings
, red
uce
eros
ion,
impr
ove
soil
fert
ility
, irr
igat
ion,
wea
ther
in
form
atio
n
•G
over
nanc
e: p
lann
ing
for
adap
tatio
n, e
arly
war
ning
sys
tem
s, re
sour
ce
man
agem
ent
•H
ealt
h: d
isea
se w
arni
ng a
nd e
pide
mic
man
agem
ent,
earl
y flo
od
war
ning
s
IMPR
OV
ING
RES
ILIE
NC
E O
F PR
OJE
CT
AN
D P
EOPL
E TO
CC
7/11
/201
613
PRO
JEC
T A
CT
IVIT
Y
SOM
E PO
TEN
TIA
L M
ITIG
ATIO
N
AC
TIO
NS
Land
man
agem
ent
Prot
ect
and
plan
t tr
ees
Agr
icul
ture
Res
tore
impa
cted
agr
icul
tura
l lan
ds, u
se
cons
erva
tion
agri
cultu
re t
o in
crea
se s
oil
nutr
ient
s
Def
ores
tatio
nM
inim
ize
clea
ring
/re-
plan
t, co
mpe
nsat
ory
refo
rest
atio
n in
a n
earb
y lo
catio
n.
Biog
as d
iges
ters
to
man
age
was
teIn
vest
igat
e po
tent
ial u
se o
f dig
este
rs
Foss
il fu
el-b
ased
ele
ctri
city
pr
oduc
tion
and
use
Inve
stig
ate
rene
wab
le e
nerg
y al
tern
ativ
es t
o di
esel
gen
erat
ors.
Purc
hase
effi
cien
t AC
un
its.
Inte
rnat
iona
l tra
vel b
y pr
ojec
t st
aff a
nd c
onsu
ltant
sR
educ
e no
n-es
sent
ial t
rave
l; us
e lo
cal
cons
ulta
nts;
purc
hase
car
bon
offs
ets
Infr
astr
uctu
reSo
urce
mat
eria
ls lo
cally
whe
n po
ssib
le,
min
imiz
e cl
eari
ng a
nd r
e-pl
ant.
MIT
IGAT
ION
MEA
SUR
ESR
EDU
CIN
G P
ROJE
CT
CO
NT
RIB
UT
ION
TO
CLI
MAT
E C
HA
NG
E
7/11
/201
614
DE
SIG
NIN
G F
OR
CLI
MAT
E C
HA
NG
E IS
ES
DM
BE
ST
PR
AC
TIC
E
•W
hile
USA
ID p
roje
cts
are
rare
ly s
igni
fican
t co
ntri
buto
rs to
GC
C, c
limat
e ch
ange
is
driv
en b
y th
e su
m o
f man
y sm
all a
ctio
ns. A
ddit
iona
lly, p
roje
cts
may
be
impa
cted
by
clim
ate
chan
ge. E
ven
smal
l-sca
le p
roje
cts
shou
ld s
eek
to:
–R
educ
e di
rect
or
indi
rect
GH
G e
mis
sion
s
–In
crea
se s
eque
stra
tion
–R
educ
e cl
imat
e vu
lner
abili
ty lo
cally
whi
le a
lso
achi
evin
g de
velo
pmen
t ob
ject
ives
•It
is U
SAID
pol
icy
(par
t of
Reg
. 216
) to
:
“Id
entif
y im
pact
s re
sulti
ng fr
om U
SAID
’s ac
tions
upo
n th
e en
viron
men
t and
…de
fine
envir
onm
enta
l lim
iting
fact
ors
that
con
stra
in d
evel
opm
ent a
nd id
entif
y an
d ca
rry
out
activ
ities
that
ass
ist in
rest
orin
g th
e re
newa
ble
reso
urce
bas
e on
whi
ch s
usta
ined
de
velo
pmen
t dep
ends”
USA
ID h
as th
e op
portu
nity
to le
ad b
y ex
ampl
e an
d en
sure
dev
elop
men
t is
soun
d by
show
ing
that
this
can
be d
one,
eve
n at
a sm
all s
cale
7/11
/201
615
HEL
P IS
AVA
ILA
BLE!
•U
pdat
ed S
ecto
r En
viro
nmen
tal G
uide
lines
in
clud
e ad
vice
on
how
to
addr
ess
clim
ate
chan
ge
•R
egio
nal b
urea
u cl
imat
e ch
ange
adv
isor
s an
d th
e G
loba
l Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Offi
ce in
E3
can
prov
ide
mor
e he
lp.
–Em
ail:
clim
atec
hang
e@us
aid.
gov\
•To
ols,
reso
urce
s, in
form
atio
n on
upc
omin
g tr
aini
ngs:
–ht
tp://
blog
s.us
aid.
gov/
clim
ate/
7/11
/201
616
TOO
LS A
ND
RES
OU
RC
ES
7/11
/201
617
TOO
LS A
ND
RES
OU
RC
ES
SEC
TOR
-BA
SED
•G
loba
l Clim
ate
Cha
nge
sect
ions
of t
he 2
013
USA
ID S
ecto
r En
viro
nmen
tal G
uide
lines
. w
ww
.usa
idge
ms.
org/
sect
orG
uide
lines
.htm
•C
limat
e C
hang
e an
d In
fras
truc
ture
Bri
efs.
http
s://d
ecse
arch
.usa
id.g
ov/v
iew
er/in
dex.
jsp?
star
t=0&
prox
y=%
2F&
sess
ioni
d=a0
0c09
f4-
34b7
-4d9
a-a8
58-4
6ffa
9566
635
CLI
MAT
E C
HA
NG
E SC
IEN
CE
•Wor
ld M
eteo
rolo
gica
l Org
aniz
atio
n
•U
.S. E
nviro
nmen
tal P
rote
ctio
n A
genc
y (E
PA).
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Scie
nce.
ht
tp://
ww
w.e
pa.g
ov/c
limat
echa
nge/
scie
nce/
•IP
CC
. htt
p://w
ww
.ipcc
.ch/
USA
ID P
OLI
CY
•U
SAID
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
and
Dev
elop
men
t St
rate
gy.
http
://w
ww
.usa
id.g
ov/c
limat
e/st
rate
gy
7/11
/201
618
TOO
LS A
ND
RES
OU
RC
ES
CLI
MAT
E C
HA
NG
E IM
PAC
TS
•EP
A. C
limat
e C
hang
e Im
pact
s an
d A
dapt
ing
to C
hang
e. h
ttp:
//ww
w.e
pa.g
ov/c
limat
echa
nge/
impa
cts-
adap
tatio
n/in
dex.
htm
l
•The
Wor
ld B
ank’
s C
limat
e C
hang
e K
now
ledg
e Po
rtal
is in
tend
ed t
o pr
ovid
e qu
ick
and
read
ily
acce
ssib
le c
limat
e an
d cl
imat
e-re
late
d da
ta t
o po
licy
mak
ers
and
deve
lopm
ent
prac
titio
ners
. The
si
te a
lso
incl
udes
a m
appi
ng v
isua
lizat
ion
tool
(w
ebG
IS) t
hat
disp
lays
key
clim
ate
vari
able
s an
d cl
imat
e-re
late
d da
ta. h
ttp:
//sdw
ebx.
wor
ldba
nk.o
rg/c
limat
epor
tal/
•U
SAID
Cou
ntry
Vul
nera
bilit
y Pr
ofile
sin
clud
e sh
ort
prof
iles
of s
ever
al M
issi
ons.
The
y la
y ou
t th
e ba
sic
expe
ctat
ions
for
clim
ate
chan
ge fo
r ea
ch c
ount
ry/r
egio
n, a
s w
ell a
s vu
lner
abili
ties
of t
he k
ey
sect
ors.
http
://in
side
.usa
id.g
ov/E
3/of
fices
/env
iro_s
ci/c
limat
e/re
sour
ces/
MIT
IGAT
ION
•U
SAID’s
Clea
n En
ergy
Em
issio
n Re
duct
ion
(CLE
ER) T
ool h
as b
een
deve
lope
d to
est
imat
e em
issi
ons
bene
fits
of c
lean
ene
rgy
proj
ects
. ht
tp://
blog
s.us
aid.
gov/
clim
ate/
ghg-
acco
untin
g-to
ols/
•AFO
LU C
arbo
n C
alcu
lato
r al
low
s U
SAID
and
its
part
ners
to
syst
emat
ical
ly e
stim
ate
the
CO
2ben
efits
and
con
sequ
ent
clim
ate
impa
cts
of it
s ag
ricu
lture
, for
estr
y an
d ot
her
land
use
(A
FOLU
) pro
gram
s w
orld
wid
e. h
ttp:
//ww
w.a
folu
carb
on.o
rg/
Jervis Sundays, Kenya Red Cross Society
7/11
/201
619
FOO
TER
GO
ES H
ERE
Tha
nk y
ou
