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The Tamar PlanDeveloping a shared catchment vision
The Tamar Catchment: 1,800km2 and 300,000+ people
Phase 1: A shared strategic vision Gaining a shared understanding of the issues in the catchment, developing a toolbox of interventions & identifying multifunctional land.
Phase 2: Action planning for catchment changeWho is going to do deliver the interventions & how the funding streams will be integrated to ensure cost‐effective realisation of benefits
The Tamar Plan Approach
Developing a shared strategic vision
Our ultimate goal is to create a catchment plan that is…
1. StrategicInterventions are delivered in a targeted and timely manner to achieve the greatest amount of benefit
2. IntegratedAdopts a variety of different measures tailored to each situation and ecosystem services objective
3. Costed and funded The cost of each intervention is determined and funding acquired from the most appropriate stakeholder
4. BalancedDelivers improvements, but not at the expense of food production or economic sustainability
TIMELINE
PAST FUTUREPRESENT
Timeline: the shared strategic vision & delivery action plans
The final Tamar Strategic Plan will need integrate existing delivery plans with a number of new delivery plans
Tamar Strategic Vision
Other delivery plans?
Tamar Food Plan
Public Engagement Plan
PCC Green Infrastructure Plan
Catchment Sensitive Farming
Tamar Estuary Plan
Forestry Commission Strategic Plans
PR14 Catchment Management
Healthy habitats for wildlife
Ecosystem Services
Recreational & cultural use
Provision of clean water
Regulation of river flows
Benefits
Biodiversity
Productivity
Low cost
Ecological health
High quality
Safe
Flood prevention
High base flows
Ecosystem
Water
Land
Biota
Which ecosystem components play a key role..?
Developing a shared understanding
An ‘ecosystem services’ approach…
where..?
Who benefits -where are they..?
Developing a shared understanding
WFD
Ecosystem Services
Biodiversity
Productivity
Treatment cost
Eco. health
Aesthetics
Safety
Flood risk
Base flow
Impacts
Healthy habitats for wildlife
Recreational & cultural use
Provision of clean water
Regulation of river flows
Ecosystem
Water
Land
Biota
Risks/threatsPressure 1
Pressure 2
Pressure 3
Pressure 4PRACTICE
INNATE PHYSICAL CHARACTER
‘Markets’Potential for trade‐ Beneficiaries‐ Buyers‐ Society…?
do they or will they pay..?
An ‘ecosystem services’ approach…
Which ecosystem components play a key role..?
where..?
Who suffers -where are they..?
Risks/threatsPressure 1
Pressure 2
Pressure 3
Pressure 4PRACTICE
INNATE PHYSICAL CHARACTER
Developing a shared understanding
An ‘ecosystem services’ approach…
Ecosystem Services
Biodiversity
Productivity
Treatment cost
Eco. health
Aesthetics
Safety
Flood risk
Base flow
Impacts
Healthy habitats for wildlife
Recreational & cultural use
Provision of clean water
Regulation of river flows
Ecosystem
Water
Land
Biota
‘Markets’Potential for trade‐ Beneficiaries‐ Buyers‐ Society…?
Where do these occur…and what is their impact
How can we reduce these risks…?
Where can we get the most benefits..?
Are there key locations vital for service
provision..?Can we predict or detect
improvements flowing back through the system..?who
pays..?
Can work to improve one service also improve others..?
- Same land or same activity
do they or will they pay..?
Which ecosystem components play a key role..?
where..?
Who suffers -where are they..?
• Relevant interest groups identified to ensure inclusiveness
• 7 working groups established (met 3 times during year)
• Over 60 workgroup representatives (plus many others involved outside meetings)
• Every attempt made to make use of (link) existing information/plans
• Other activities arranged e.g. farm walk, presentation to Chamber of Commerce
EcologicalNetworksGroup
CarbonManagement
Group
RecreationActivitiesGroup
WaterQualityGroup
WaterResources
Group
Engagement& FoodGroup
PointPollutionGroup
Developing a shared understanding
A participatory stakeholder‐led approach…
Developing a shared understanding
The Ecosystem Services Working Groups (1 – 5)
Water Quality:The provision of clean water into the aquatic environment for the benefit of river ecosystem health, recreational safety and drinking water supply.
Water Quantity:The regulation of water movement in the landscape to ensure that base‐flows are maintained and to reduce the risk of flooding.
Space for Wildlife:The protection and enhancement of functional networks of habitat to support healthy wildlife populations and biodiversity at a landscape scale.
Carbon Sequestration:The regulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases through land management.
Recreation, Leisure & Culture:The provision of accessible spaces and resources for recreation, leisure and cultural activities and to increase health and wellbeing.
A participatory stakeholder‐led approach…
Developing a shared understanding
A participatory stakeholder‐led approach…
Where is the ecosystem service experienced (who benefits/suffers?)
What features in the landscape regulate/degrade the service?• ‘Environmental infrastructure’ • Risks & pressures
To what extent is the service currently being delivered/degraded?
What can be done to enhance the service?
Which areas should be targeted for measures that enhance provision?• Where is the greatest cost‐benefit (‘bang‐for‐buck’) to be achieved?• Priority – suitability ‐ opportunity
What work is already underway – how is it funded?
Could current outcomes be improved if measures were more integrated /targeted?
What new sources of funding be developed?
Developing a shared understanding
The Ecosystem Services Working Groups (1 – 5)
Water Quality:The provision of clean water into the aquatic environment for the benefit of river ecosystem health, recreational safety and drinking water supply.
Water Quantity:The regulation of water movement in the landscape to ensure that base‐flows are maintained and to reduce the risk of flooding.
Space for Wildlife:The protection and enhancement of functional networks of habitat to support healthy wildlife populations and biodiversity at a landscape scale.
Carbon Sequestration:The regulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases through land management.
Recreation, Leisure & Culture:The provision of accessible spaces and resources for recreation, leisure and cultural activities and to increase health and wellbeing.
A participatory stakeholder‐led approach…
Water Quality
Is there a problem…where is it experienced…?
Local ecological impacts
Distal ecological, social & economic impacts
Water Quality
Is there a problem…where is it experienced…?
Local ecological impacts
Distal ecological, social & economic impacts
Raw drinking water impacts
WFD: Article 7“…avoid deterioration in [water] quality to reduce the level of purification treatment
required in the production of drinking water.”
Water Quality – point sources
The contribution of point sources of pollution
Variety of different pollutants
Many different sources
Varying contributions in different locations
Water Quality – point sources
Point sources of pollution – a lot has already been done….
Clean SweepClean Sweep is South West Water's £2 billion project to transform the South West Region’s bathing waters and sewerage network.
£63 million in Plymouth
The Plymouth Urban Diffuse Pollution ProjectEA, PCC and SWW working to improve water quality at Plymouth Hoe by identifying and fixing point sources.
Water Quality – diffuse sources
Contribution of pollution from diffuse sources in the catchment
Nutrients
• Phosphorus compounds• Nitrates/Nitrites• Ammonia compounds
Physico‐chemistry
• Dissolved oxygen• Colour• Turbidity / suspended solids• Smell & taste
Microbiology
• Faecal indicator organisms (FIO)• Other bacteria• Cryptosporidium spp.• Algae
Pesticides
• Acid herbicides• Neutral herbicides• Insecticides
Water Quality – diffuse sources
A well established toolbox of measures to reduce rural diffuse pollution
Water Quality – diffuse sources
A well established toolbox of measures to reduce rural diffuse pollution
Water Quality – diffuse sources
Identifying land most likely to having an impact on water quality: opportunity
Soil hydrology & condition• Run‐off risk• Leaching risk
Topography (i.e. slope)
Hydrological connectivity • Proximity to watercourse• Flood plain• Surface & sub‐surface flow accumulation
Land cover • Natural habitats (wetland, woodland or peatland)• Farmed land (tillage or permanent grass)
Water Quality – diffuse sources
Identifying land most likely to having an impact on water quality: opportunity
Soil hydrology & condition• Run‐off risk• Leaching risk
Topography (i.e. slope)
Hydrological connectivity • Proximity to watercourse• Flood plain• Surface & sub‐surface flow accumulation
Land cover • Natural habitats (wetland, woodland or peatland)• Farmed land (tillage or permanent grass)
Water Quality – diffuse sources
Current funding & activities specifically working to improve water quality –
Developing a shared understanding
The Ecosystem Services Working Groups (1 – 5)
Water Quality:The provision of clean water into the aquatic environment for the benefit of river ecosystem health, recreational safety and drinking water supply.
Water Quantity:The regulation of water movement in the landscape to ensure that base‐flows are maintained and to reduce the risk of flooding.
Space for Wildlife:The protection and enhancement of functional networks of habitat to support healthy wildlife populations and biodiversity at a landscape scale.
Carbon Sequestration:The regulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases through land management.
Recreation, Leisure & Culture:The provision of accessible spaces and resources for recreation, leisure and cultural activities and to increase health and wellbeing.
A participatory stakeholder‐led approach…
Water Regulation (base‐flows)
Is there a problem…where is it experienced…?
Base‐flows – during periods of low rainfall• Drinking water• Ecological health• Dilution of pollution• Hydropower
Water Regulation (base‐flows)
Is there a problem…where is it experienced…?
Base‐flows – during periods of low rainfall• Drinking water• Ecological health• Dilution of pollution• Hydropower
1. Climate Change
Water Regulation (base‐flows)
Is there a problem…where is it experienced…?
Base‐flows – during periods of low rainfall• Drinking water• Ecological health• Dilution of pollution• Hydropower
1. Climate Change
2. Population Growth
Water Regulation (base‐flows)
Measures to enhance & sustain base‐flows (land‐based approaches)
Water Regulation (base‐flows)
Targeting measures to enhance & sustain base‐flows in rivers & streams
Wetland creation suitability mapping
• Soil hydrology (+ physico‐chemistry)
• Hydrological regime
• Exclusion areas e.g. high grade farm land
Tamar 2000 Wetland Research Project
Water Regulation (base‐flows)
Targeting measures to enhance & sustain base‐flows in rivers & streams
Wetland creation suitability mapping
• Soil hydrology (+ physico‐chemistry)
• Hydrological regime
• Exclusion areas e.g. high grade farm land
Wetland Vision Map
Water Regulation (base‐flows)
Targeting measures to enhance & sustain base‐flows in rivers & streams
Wetland creation suitability mapping
• Soil hydrology (+ physico‐chemistry)
• Hydrological regime
• Exclusion areas e.g. high grade farm land
Wetland Vision Map
Water Regulation (high flows)
High flows – flood risk management • Damage to property• Economic impacts
Is there a problem…where is it experienced…?
Policy 1Areas of little or no flood risk where we willcontinue to monitor and advise
Policy 4Areas of low, moderate or high flood risk wherewe are already managing the flood risk effectivelybut where we may need to take further actions tokeep pace with climate change
Policy 6Areas of low to moderate flood risk where we willtake action with others to store water or managerun‐off in locations that provide overall flood riskreduction or environmental benefits
Water Regulation (high flows)
Targeting land‐based flood risk management
Large body of evidence at small‐scale• Demonstrable benefits• High cost‐benefit ratio
Water Regulation (high flows)
Targeting land‐based flood risk management
Large body of evidence at small‐scale• Demonstrable benefits• High cost‐benefit ratio
Water Regulation (high flows)
Targeting land‐based flood risk management
Large body of evidence at small‐scale• Demonstrable benefits• High cost‐benefit ratio
Developing a shared understanding
The Ecosystem Services Working Groups (1 – 5)
Water Quality:The provision of clean water into the aquatic environment for the benefit of river ecosystem health, recreational safety and drinking water supply.
Water Quantity:The regulation of water movement in the landscape to ensure that base‐flows are maintained and to reduce the risk of flooding.
Space for Wildlife:The protection and enhancement of functional networks of habitat to support healthy wildlife populations and biodiversity at a landscape scale.
Carbon Sequestration:The regulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases through land management.
Recreation, Leisure & Culture:The provision of accessible spaces and resources for recreation, leisure and cultural activities and to increase health and wellbeing.
A participatory stakeholder‐led approach…
Spaces for wildlife
Current provision of habitats & functional ecological networks
Spaces for wildlife
Current provision of habitats & functional ecological networks
Woodland Inventory (FC)
Ancient Woodland Inventory
NE Habitat Inventories (LRC data?)
Culm Inventory (?)
Spaces for wildlife
Measures to enhance the provision of ecological networks
Wetland restoration & creation
Woodland creation
Peatland restoration
Habitat creation on farmland
Where…?• Greatest chance of success i.e. functional network
• Suitable land for the habitati.e. high quality outcome
• Strategic Nature Areas
Spaces for wildlife
Measures to enhance the provision of ecological networks
Wetland restoration & creation
Woodland creation
Peatland restoration
Habitat creation on farmland
Where…?• Greatest chance of success i.e. functional network
• Suitable land for the habitati.e. high quality outcome
• Strategic Nature Areas
Wetland suitability map
+Proximity to
existing habitat
Spaces for wildlife
Measures to enhance the provision of ecological networks
Wetland restoration & creation
Woodland creation
Peatland restoration
Habitat creation on farmland
Where…?• Greatest chance of success i.e. functional network
• Suitable land for the habitati.e. high quality outcome
• Strategic Nature Areas
Wetland suitability map
+Proximity to
existing habitat
Spaces for wildlife
Measures to enhance the provision of ecological networks
Wetland restoration & creation
Woodland creation
Peatland restoration
Habitat creation on farmland
Where…?• Greatest chance of success i.e. functional network
• Suitable land for the habitati.e. high quality outcome
• Strategic Nature Areas
Wetland suitability map
+Proximity to
existing habitat
Spaces for wildlife
Measures to enhance the provision of ecological networks
Wetland restoration & creation
Woodland creation
Peatland restoration
Habitat creation on farmland
Where…?• Greatest chance of success i.e. functional network
• Suitable land for the habitati.e. high quality outcome
• Strategic Nature Areas
Wetland suitability map
+Proximity to
existing habitat
Developing a shared understanding
The Ecosystem Services Working Groups (1 – 5)
Water Quality:The provision of clean water into the aquatic environment for the benefit of river ecosystem health, recreational safety and drinking water supply.
Water Quantity:The regulation of water movement in the landscape to ensure that base‐flows are maintained and to reduce the risk of flooding.
Space for Wildlife:The protection and enhancement of functional networks of habitat to support healthy wildlife populations and biodiversity at a landscape scale.
Carbon Sequestration:The regulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases through land management.
Recreation, Leisure & Culture:The provision of accessible spaces and resources for recreation, leisure and cultural activities and to increase health and wellbeing.
A participatory stakeholder‐led approach…
Carbon Sequestration
Carbon sequestration can be increased in a number of ways –
Changes in land management practices• Reduced tillage• Increased soil organic matter• Reduced use of fertilisers
Landuse change• tillage – permanent grassland – woodland
Water table management (re‐wetting land)
Where…?• Land with high sequestration potential• Cost‐effectiveness for the farm business• No increase in emission of other GHGs
Carbon Sequestration
Carbon sequestration can be increased in a number of ways –
Changes in land management practices• Reduced tillage• Increased soil organic matter• Reduced use of fertilisers
Landuse change• tillage – permanent grassland – woodland
Water table management (re‐wetting land)
Where…?• Land with high sequestration potential• Cost‐effectiveness for the farm business• No increase in emission of other GHGs
Carbon Sequestration
Carbon sequestration can be increased in a number of ways –
Changes in land management practices• Reduced tillage• Increased soil organic matter• Reduced use of fertilisers
Landuse change• tillage – permanent grassland – woodland
Water table management (re‐wetting land)
Where…?• Land with high sequestration potential• Cost‐effectiveness for the farm business• No increase in emission of other GHGs
Changes in land management practices• Reduced tillage• Increased soil organic matter• Reduced use of fertilisers
Landuse change• tillage – permanent grassland – woodland
Water table management (re‐wetting land)
Where…?• Land with high sequestration potential• Cost‐effectiveness for the farm business• No increase in emission of other GHGs
Carbon Sequestration
Carbon sequestration can be increased in a number of ways –
Developing a shared understanding
The Ecosystem Services Working Groups (1 – 5)
Water Quality:The provision of clean water into the aquatic environment for the benefit of river ecosystem health, recreational safety and drinking water supply.
Water Quantity:The regulation of water movement in the landscape to ensure that base‐flows are maintained and to reduce the risk of flooding.
Space for Wildlife:The protection and enhancement of functional networks of habitat to support healthy wildlife populations and biodiversity at a landscape scale.
Carbon Sequestration:The regulation of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases through land management.
Recreation, Leisure & Culture:The provision of accessible spaces and resources for recreation, leisure and cultural activities and to increase health and wellbeing.
A participatory stakeholder‐led approach…
Recreational Resources
There are 2 types of recreation:‐
Attractions or location‐specific resources that offer specific activities or a specialty or high quality experience for a particular interest group.
Publically accessible spaces where people spend their casual or informal recreation and leisure time.
Image: Fir0002/Flagstaffotos
Image: Ross Hoddinott
Recreational Resources
Where are recreational opportunities provided now?
Recreation in the Tamar• Boating & sailing
• Canoeing (rivers, estuary & sea)
• Angling (coarse/game/sea)
• Rowing (gig rowing, rowing boats etc.)
• Surfing, wind-surfing & kite surfing
• Water-skiing (lakes, estuary & sea)
• Swimming (freshwater & sea)
• Diving & snorkelling
• Coasteering & canyoning
• Shooting
• Ornithology & natural history
• Walking, hiking, rambling & running
• Caravanning & camping
• Orienteering & geocaching
• Cycling
• Motorsports (motorbikes / 4x4)
• Equestrian
• Heritage, parks & gardens
• Leisure & casual recreation
• Photography, art & spiritual activities
• Voluntary work & conservation
• Local community activities
• Other sports (golf, cricket, football etc.)
Recreational Resources
Where are the priority areas for creating new recreational opportunities
Improve existing ‘green’ infrastructure
Increase access to existing greenspaces
Increase connectivity
Increase provision to address deficiency or meet new demand.
Recreational Resources
Where are the priority areas for creating new recreational opportunities
Improve existing ‘green’ infrastructure
Increase access to existing greenspaces
Increase connectivity
Increase provision to address deficiency or meet new demand.
Recreational Resources
Where are the priority areas for creating new recreational opportunities
Improve existing ‘green’ infrastructure
Increase access to existing greenspaces
Increase connectivity
Increase provision to address deficiency or meet new demand.
Tourism and Rural Access in Cornwall – Kensey Trail
Developing a shared vision
Identifying multi‐functional ES areas…
Risks/threatsPressure 1
Pressure 2
Pressure 3
Pressure 4PRACTICE
INNATE PHYSICAL CHARACTER
Ecosystem Services
Biodiversity
Productivity
Treatment cost
Eco. health
Aesthetics
Safety
Flood risk
Base flow
Impacts
Healthy habitats for wildlife
Recreational & cultural use
Provision of clean water
Regulation of river flows
Ecosystem
Water
Land
Biota
‘Markets’Potential for trade‐ Beneficiaries‐ Buyers‐ Society…?
Where do these occur…and what is their impact
How can we reduce these risks…?
Where can we get the most benefits..?
Are there key locations vital for service
provision..?Can we predict or detect
improvements flowing back through the system..?who
pays..?
Can work to improve one service also improve others..?
- Same land or same activity
do they or will they pay..?
Which ecosystem components play a key role..?
where..?
Who suffers -where are they..?
Multifunctional ES Areas
Several key themes emerge…
Risk (innate or practice‐derived)
Suitability/feasibility for intervention
Key strategic areas – beneficiaries
• Where are they..?
• What are their needs..?
Optimal cost‐beneficial targeting of interventions
Delivering measures in multifunctional areas could enhance delivery of multiple
ecosystem services
Multifunctional priority areas
Delivery Framework
Toolbox of interventions
Habitat creation
Landuse change
Farm infrastructure
Best practice advice
Integrated vision for the catchment