pasado simple verbo to be may-2013-lae-2.docx

7/28/2019 pasado simple verbo to be may-2013-lae-2.docx

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El pasado simple del verbo to be

Simple Past: Verb To be El Pasado de ser/estar

Vamos a estudiar por primera vez el pasado (pretrito indefinido en espaol) con el verbo to be (ser /

estar) Es muy parecido al presente

The Simple Past Tense (with the verb to be)Similar to the Present simple tense, The simple past is divided in two main parts. The form with the to be

and with other verbs

Quiero que quede claro que esta regla que vamos a aprender a continuacin es solo para las

conjugaciones del verbo ser y estar. Si utilizan otros verbos llevar otra forma. Es muy similar al Present

Tense Si recuerdan bien, con los verbos to be la regla era distinta que con los demas verbos. Por favor

si esto no esta claro ( VER FORMAS DELPRESENT TENSE DEL VERBO TO BE)

Lets remember the Simple Present Tense with the verb to be (ESTE ES TIEMPO PRESENTE DE VERBO

TO BE,SUS FORMAS FIG. 1)

FIGURA 1

In present tense we used: Am / Is / Are

AHORA VAMOS A USAR EL PASADO, SOLAMENTE USAMOS 2 CONJUGACIONES

NOW IN PAST TENSE WE USE ONLY 2 CONJUGATIONS! >>> WAS & WERE

I/He / she / it was(Positive) Wasnt (Negative)

we / you / Theywere(Positive) Werent (Negative)

Short Answers

Look at the next table. This is how we answer yes/no questions


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Lets Practice

Notas del profesor:

Como vemos, el Simple Past Tense con los verbos to be es casi igual al Simple Present tense son el

verbo to be. La diferencia es que en vez de usar las conjugaciones AM/IS/ARE vamos a utilizar

WAS/WERE. FIGURAS Y EJERCICIOS DE GRAMMAR IN USE (Cambrid ge) Grammar prac tice

(LONGMAN)


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Syntax (POSITIVE FORM):

I, you, he, she, it, we, you, they+VERB (PAST FORM) + Complement

ESTO QUIERE DECIR QUE PARA TODAS LAS PERSONAS HAY UNA SOLO CONJUGACION . Lo

nico que hay que aprender es a formar esta conjugacin. Esto depende si es REGULAR o IRREGULARverb.

The verb in the past simple form can be REGULAR or IRREGULAR

Regular Verbs:

Verbos RegularesPara formar el regular de los verbos regulares en ingles necesitamos agregar ed al infinitivo.

For example:

to watch -> watched | to talk -> talked | to wash -> washed (ver sig esquema)

REGLAS DE DELETREO

REGLAS DE DELETREO

PRACTICE (Regular verb spelling)

Regular Verbs Simple Past / Past Participle Spelling Rules

The simple past tense is formed by adding -ed to the end of the verb. However there are

several rules depending on the spelling of the verb, these are:-

If the base of the verb ends in:-

-e only add -d (raid - raided)

a consonant plus -y the y is turned into -ied (study - studied / try - tried)

-c add -ked (panic - panicked)


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a single vowel plus a consonant and is stressed on its final syllable the consonant

is usually doubled and -ed added (plan - planned)

-p, g or -m the consonant is usually doubled and -ed added (ram - rammed / tap -

tapped / gag - gagged)

-l the consonant is usually doubled (travel - travelled)

Regular Verbs

Base Form To walk

Present Simple I walk every day.

Present Progressive/Continuous I am walking. (now)

Present Perfect Simple I have walked twice so far today.

Present Perfect

Progressive/ContinuousI have been walking for 2 hours.

Past Simple I walked yesterday.

Past Progressive/Continuous I was walking yesterday when I saw a bear.

Past Perfect Simple I had walked for five miles by the time I got home.

Past Perfect

Progressive/Continuous

I had been walking for 2 hours when I saw the

bear.

Future Simple I will go for a walk tomorrow.

Future Progressive/Continuous I am walking tomorrow.

Future Perfect SimpleI will have already gone for a walk by the time I

meet my friends.

Future Perfect ProgressiveI will have been walking for 2 hours by the time I

meet my friends.


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The Past Simple TenseTalking about finished actions, facts, and habits in the past

2. Usages

Read through the table and try to understand the connection between the usages and

the slogan.

Read through the table and try to understand the connection between the usages and

the slogan.

Read through the table and try to understand the connection

between the usages and the slogan.

Use Examples Explanation

1.

completed

past action

Ibought a new caryesterday.

Columbus reached Americ

a in 1492. WilliamShakespeare wrote many

plays.

These are short actions or eventsperformed and completed in the

past. We either know exactly

when they happened or infer this

from context.

The fact that both Columbus and

Shakespeare are dead (in thecertain past), calls for using the

Past Simple, with or withoutstating the time of the action.

2.

discontinue

d

past fact

As children,

we were quite messy. The datashowed anincrease in sales last

month.

These facts were true in the past

but are not true now. The periodwhen these facts were true in is

both finished and defined (childhoo

d, last month).

3. finished

past state

Michellelived in Paris

for 5 years.

Sheworked in Versaillesduring her first marriage.

At first, shebelieved that

her careerwas moreimportant than family life.

Paris was her permanent place of

residence for 5 years. This period in

her life is over. She does not livethere now.

She worked in Versailles only

during the years of her firstmarriage. When she got divorced,

she stopped working there.

Also for expressing beliefs andopinions in the past that are not true


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now. She does not believe that

anymore.

4.

terminatedpast habit

Before the accident,

sheplayedtennis twice aweek.

Hedrove a Ferrari for 20

years.

They did these actions regularly,

as habits, only in the past. They donot practice these habits anymore.

Watch out ! If the action occurred in the past, but is still true (I have beenteaching grammar for 10 years.) or happened at an undefined time in

the past ( I have seen some good French movies recently.), you need the

Present Perfect tenses.

Stative verbs (appear, realize, love, sound) are more commonly used

with simple tenses rather than with progressive tenses.

Advanced Usage of the Past Simple:


5. sequence

of past

activities

Iwent out dancing until very

late, slept for 4 hours, woke up and

took a shower. On my way to work,I met the guy from yesterdays party

and

Short actions thathappened one right after

the other, as in story-telling and reporting.

6. habits in

the past

with

used to

As children, our motherused to

read us bedtime stories. Iused to eatbutter a lot, but now I

dont touch it. I didn't use todrinkcoffee, though.

Actions or habits

repeated in the past thatare no longer practiced.


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3. Form

As its name suggests, the Past Simple form is a simple one-word verb,

composed of the Past Simple or V2 (preterit) form for all persons. Unlike other

languages, there are no inflectional verb endings for the different persons in

English past tenses. However, since English verbs include a large group of

commonly used irregular verbs, which have a variety of unique Past Simple

forms, you have to invest time and effort in learning these irregular verbs.

A regular verb in the Past Simple has an ed ending for all persons.play-play ed, work-work ed, stay-stay ed, listen-listen ed

An irregular verb in the Past Simple changes its form, usually with a vowelchange. Irregular verbs can be grouped according to certain change patterns,

which helps to memorize them.

speak-spoke, eat-ate, see-saw, fly-flew, think-thought

Subject Main verb Rest of sentence

subject V2 regular verb

Michelle lived in Paris for 2 years.

subject V2 irregular verb

Dan went home early yesterday.

*Remember: V1=base form, V2=Past Simple, V3=Past Participle, Ving=Present

Participle

One verb in English has special forms in the Past Simple:

to be

I was

you, we, they were

he, she, it was

My mother was a teacher for 30 years, and my grandparents were both college

professors.

4. Common Time Expressions

The Past Simple is used with time expressions (in blue) informing about

when things exactly happened.


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Subject Verb Place TimeI went there yesterday.You traveled abroad last month / year.

Dan / He swam at the pool last week.

Sheila / She stayed with us a month ago.

We studied at the library on Sunday.

You worked here between 1993 and 2002.

My parents / They got divorced in London when I was a child.

5. Negative Sentences and Question Types in the PastSimple

Negative Statements:

Subject Auxiliary verb+not Main verb Rest of sentenceI, you, we, they did not /

didn't

work yesterday.

Watch out !Note that in negative past sentences, the main verb is in its base form and not

in the V2 Past Simple form, as the past ending is attached to the auxiliaryverb do, resulting in did.

The 3 Question Types:

1. Yes/No Questions:Auxiliary verb Subject Main verb Rest of sentence

Did you work yesterday ?


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2. Wh Questions:Wh questionword

Auxiliary verb Subject Main verb Rest of sentence

When did you work ?

Where did you work ?

3. Wh-Subject Questions:Wh subjectquestion

Main verb Rest of sentence

Who worked here ?

What made all that noise ?

Watch out ! Note that in Wh-subject-questions, there is no need for an auxiliary verb.

In Wh subject-questions in the Past Simple, the verb is always in the V2 Past

Simple form.

6. Summary

This has been a review about the usage and formation of the Past Simple tense

in English grammar. It is highly used to refer to actions accomplished and finished in

defined periods in the past that are over. Reviewing the rules is not enough to make

you use it properly. The more you pick it up in your reading, and more importantly,

use it in your writing, the better you will use it.

________________________________________________________________


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Spelling Rules for the Verb TensesForming the main verb in some English verb tenses involves adding

endings. Whenever a new element is added to a word, there may

be spelling changes occurring as a result of phonological interaction

between the words final letters and the endings first letter. To know

more, read these sections of our review on spelling rules for the English

verb tenses.

1. Spelling rules for the Present Simple

2. Spelling rules for the Past Simple

3. Spelling rules for the Progressive tenses (forming the Present

Participle)

4. Special Cases

Make sure you apply these grammar rules, as these are basic spelling

issues. In order to know how to use each of these tenses correctly,

please click on each tense above to read the related full article.

1. Spelling rules for the Present Simple

Spelling rules for adding s in the third person singular

When adding the sending to a verb in the third person singular in

English, there may be some spelling changes:

Addes to a verb which ends in a whistling sound ( s,sh,ch,x,z,o)I wash Suzy washes her car once a week.I do Suzy does the dishes every Wednesday. In verbs that end withy preceded by a consonant, drop the y, replaceit with i and add es . However, If the y is preceded by a vowel (a,e,i,o,u)

just add s.

You study Dan studies English twice a week.but:

We play Sharon plays football 3 times a week.


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2. Spelling rules for the Past Simple

Spelling rules for adding ed to regular past verbs

When adding the edending to a regular verb in the Past Simple in

English, there may be some spelling changes:

Add onlydto a verb which ends in e.

change Suzy changed her hairstyle last week.create Bach created an abundance of musical pieces. In verbs that end withypreceded by a consonant, drop the y, replaceit with i and add ed . However, If the y is preceded by a vowel (a,e,i,o,u)

just add ed.

study Dan studied a lot for this test.but:

play Sharon played football for 3 hours on the weekend.

The doubling rule: When a verb ends with a letter sequenceofconsonant-vowel-consonant, double the final consonant.-If the verb is longer than one syllable, double only if the stress falls onthe last syllable.-The letters h,w,x,yare never doubled ( fix-fixed).

stop (t=consonant, o=vowel, p=consonant):

We sto pped at the store to get some gasoline.prefer (f=consonant, e=vowel, r=consonant, stress falls on last syllable

/fer/ -- double!) :

My friends preferredthat we stay at home and not go out.but:

visit (s=consonant, i=vowel, t=consonant, stress does not fall on lastsyllable /sit/ -- don't double!) :

Donna visited her grandparents in New Jersey two weeks ago.


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3. Spelling rules for the Progressive tenses

Forming the Present Participle

All the progressive verb tense forms are created with the auxiliary verb to beand

thepresent participleform of the verb. Make sure you spell this form correctly

according to the following rules:

Spelling rules for adding ing to a verb

When adding the ing ending to a verb in order to form the present participle in English,

there may be some spelling changes:

When a verb ends withe, drop the ebefore adding ing.

make Susan is making a special dinner this evening.[ is makingis in the Present Progressive tense]

write The professor was writing his new book when he was asked to start working ona different project.

[ was writingis in the Past Progressive tense]

In verbs that end withyadd ingwith no change !

study Dan will be studying for the test tomorrow afternoon.[ will be studyingis in the future progressive tense]

When a verbs ends inie, drop the ie, replace it with y, and add ing.

die dying, lie lying, tie tying, vie vying

Susan was tying her shoe laces while she was lying on her bed.[ was tying, was lyingare in the Past Progressive tense]

The reality show contestants will be vying for the first prize.[ will be vyingis in the future progressive tense]

The doubling rule: When a verb ends with a letter sequence ofconsonant-vowel-consonant, double the final consonant.-If the verb is longer than one syllable, double only if the stress falls on the last
http://www.whitesmoke.com/english-verbs-basic-terms.htmlhttp://www.whitesmoke.com/english-verbs-basic-terms.htmlhttp://www.whitesmoke.com/english-verbs-basic-terms.htmlhttp://www.whitesmoke.com/english-verbs-basic-terms.html


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syllable.-The letters h,w,x,y are never doubled ( fix-fixing).

beg (b=consonant, e=vowel, g=consonant, stress falls on the last and only syllable

/beg/ -- double!) :

Please believe me, I am be gging you ![ am beggingis in the Present Progressive tense]

but:

visit (s=consonant, i=vowel, t=consonant, stress does not fall on last syllable /sit/ --

don't double!) :

Donna is visiting her grandparents this evening.

4. Special Cases:

The following special cases are relevant when adding either edor ing, as explained below. We present here

the more common irregularities, as others are very rare in usage. Whenever unsure about the spelling of a

specific verb form in question, you can rely on the WhiteSmoke dictionary for a professional spelling check.

The letter lis doubled in British English even if the final syllable is not stressed.Rodney was traveling in the Swiss Alps, when he got news of his newborn son.

[American English]

Rodney was trave lling in the Swiss Alps, when he got news of his newborn son.[British English] Double thepin the verb equip, as the u represents a consonant sound /w/.My company is equi pp ing us with new computers. Double thezin the verb quiz.My teacher qui zzed us on the irregular verbs in English. Add a kafter the final cin verbs such as to panic, to traffic, to frolic, and to picnic in order to retain theoriginal /k/ sound of the letter c.

After he heard about the traffic king of drugs, he completely panic ked. Keep the finalein certain verbs ending with ge, in order to retain the /j/ sound of the verb. For

example, to singe, to binge, to impinge.Ron was bin geing all night long, sin geing his mustache by mistake after trying to roast some marshmallowson the stove.


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Grammar Exercises

Grammar rules provide us with the correct manner in which we can put words together to create a

correct sentence. Knowing how to express yourself well, using a variety of language structures indicates a

higher level of English, in both writing and speaking. The grammar tells us how we talk about the

present, past, and future; how to string words and phrasescorrectly in longer sentences; how to write noun

plurals and comparisons accurately; how to describe hypothetical assumptions and much more. However,

remember that without enlarging your vocabulary, you will not able to get very far with grammar rules alone.

10 Tips on How to Approach Grammar Exercises

1. Make sure you use as many kinds of grammar exercises in textbooks andwebsites so you get to target as many grammar skills as possible.

2. Always read the instructions well and make sure you know which languagestructures or grammar rules you are supposed to use in each exercise.

3. In sentence fill-ins, always read the whole sentenceup to its end,understand the context, and only then address the grammar point at hand.

4. In longer cloze passages (paragraphs with missing words to complete), readat least 5 lines without completing anything in order to get clues from the

context. These clues will help you with the grammar completions.

5. Do not over-drill simple one sentence grammar exercises. Try to getcontext-based full-text exercises that include your target language structure.

These should be real-life texts, such as a letter to a friend or a paragraphdetailing DVD instructions.

6. Try and actively use every new structure you learn in free speech and inwriting. Make a checklist of structures you want to master in order to make

sure you include them in your English writing.

7. Some language students get too obsessed with grammar and neglectvocabulary, reading, and writing activities. You must realize that grammar

without vocabularyis like a necklace without colorful beads boring

8. Make sure you constantly review and recycle previously learned grammarstructures with the new ones you learn. Practice with exercises in a rising levelof difficulty as even simple grammar rules can be implemented in more

advanced and complicated contexts.

9. Get hold of, or better yet, create your own grammar tables for reviewing.Have these tables in easy access when doing new grammar exercises.

10. Another good grammar exercise is to identify grammar structures in yourreading and trying to explain why the author has chosen them over other

structures.

(fuente de consulta de la siguiente pagina)

https://sites.google.com/site/englishgrammarguide/Home/grammar-exercises
https://sites.google.com/site/englishgrammarguide/Home/grammar-exerciseshttps://sites.google.com/site/englishgrammarguide/Home/grammar-exerciseshttps://sites.google.com/site/englishgrammarguide/Home/grammar-exercises


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English Verbs (Part 1) - Basic Terms

This article reviews some basic terms relating to English verbs. Being

familiar with these terms will help you understand language points as

they appear in the course of your English studies.

1. A verb is a word that expresses an action ( to run), occurrence ( tohappen), or state of being ( to appear). It is one of the nineparts of

speech in English grammar. Non-action verbs are also referred to as

linking or stative verbs, such as to be, to seem, to sound. Verbs

comprise the third largest group of words in English (about 10%) and

appear in any sentence as a major mandatory element tying the subject

and predicate together. Verbs indicate time (past, present, future) and

are used in English in relatively many verb tenses. The verb can be

thought of as the center, heart, or anchor of an English sentence.

Verbs of... Examplesaction Maria dances at the studio and performs every Sunday.occurrence occurrence Maria became a professional dancer.state of being Maria's studio has stood there ever since she was a child.

2. Tests for verbs: A good way to identify a verb when a word is in doubt is toask, Can I do it?I can succeed (do it)is correct but I can successis incorrect.This means succeedis a verb and the related part of speech successis not a

verb; in this case,successis a noun.

Another test for verbs is to use the word in question in a different verb tense.

If the sentence still makes sense, the word is a verb.

Original:Thats theupdated version of the software.Test:Thats thewill update version of the software.[the word updatedhere is not a verb because using it in the future simple

tense in the second sentence does not result in a logical sentence; It is an

adjective describing the noun version]


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3. Verbs can also be recognized by some common verb suffixes and prefixes.Suffix or Prefix Meaning Examples

-ate to cause, make to activate, to differentiate

-fy or -ify to transform into to signify, to clarify

-ize (British -ise) to make like to realize, to criticize

-en to make/turn into to redden, to soften

be- forms transitive verbs that mean "cause" to befriend, to beseech

en- to bring into the condition of to encode, to engender

4. Verbs in English indicate the following grammatical categories:Categories Type Examples

person 1st person2nd person

3rd person

I goYou go

She goes

Number singularplural

He has writtenThey have written

Tense presentpastfuture

I eatI ateI will eat

Aspect simple,progressive,perfect,perfect-progressive

I study every day.I am studying today.I have studied for years.I have been studying for hours.

Mood indicativeimperative

subjunctive

I am always on time.Be there on time !

If I were on time, I would

Voice activepassive

Germans consume a lot of beer.A lot of beer is consumed in Germany.

As there are relatively many English verb tenses, verbs in English come in many

forms that provide different shades of meaning. However, English verbs

comprise a much easier verb system than that of other languages that have

distinct inflectional verb endings for different persons and number, or even

change the verb stem with various tenses and aspects. In English only one verb

ending remained, for verbs in the third person singular in the Present Simple

tense.

Dan cooks dinner for us 3 times a week.[3rd person, singular, present, simple, indicative, active,

meaning: habit in the present]


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Yesterday we were cooking for hours on end.[1st person, plural, past, progressive, indicative, active,

meaning: action in the past that continued over an extended period of time]

She would have cooked if you had asked her to.(but in reality you didnt ask so she didnt cook)

[ would have cooked: 3rd person, singular, past, conditional, active,

meaning: hypothetic outcome in the past, contrary to fact]

[ had asked: 2nd person, singular, past, perfect, subjunctive, active,

meaning: hypothetic assumption in the past, contrary to fact]

I suggest that dinner be cooked no later than 20:00.[3rd person, singular, present, subjunctive, passive,

meaning: strong recommendation which will not necessarily be fulfilled]

5. English verbs have 5 principal parts with which other forms are derived using verb auxiliaries:base/stem, simple past/preterit, past participle, present participle and the infinitive (the name

of the verb). Some also include the third person singular in the present tense as a principle part,

as it is the only verb form that kept its inflectional ending in Modern English.

Grammatical term Symbol Regular Verb Irregular VerbInfinitive to + V1 to watch to seeBase Form /Stem

V1 watch see

Present Simple third person singular V1+s watches seesPast Simple /Preterit

V2 watched saw

Past Participle V3 watched seenPresent Participle Ving watching seeing*

*Note: esta ultima fila no la pude copier pero es parte del esquema .

Fuente de consulta de la pgina web

https://sites.google.com/site/englishgrammarguide/Home/english-verbs--part-1----basic-terms
https://sites.google.com/site/englishgrammarguide/Home/english-verbs--part-1----basic-termshttps://sites.google.com/site/englishgrammarguide/Home/english-verbs--part-1----basic-termshttps://sites.google.com/site/englishgrammarguide/Home/english-verbs--part-1----basic-terms


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English Adjectives - Basic Terms

1. An adjective is a word that modifies (describes) a nounor pronoun.Adjectives make up a very large group of words in theEnglishvocabulary (about 23%). Adjectives tell about the qualities and features of

people, things, or concepts ( small, brave, elegant, intelligent) and can be

viewed as an added intensifier or decoration" to the basic sentence elements,

adding variety and descriptive value.

Adjectives can also be expanded into adjective clauses, which function

similarly. In the following examples, the adjectives are underlined, and the

nouns or pronouns they modify are in bold.

They were happy when their children got good grades in their report card.[the adjective happymodifies the pronoun they, the adjective goodmodifies

the noun report card]

2. A test for adjectives A good way to make sure a word is an adjective is toask about the modified noun: What kind o f (noun) is it?"He is a respectedteacher"is correct, as respectedanswers the question: What kind of teacher is

he? " He is a respectfully businessman" is incorrect as respectfully answers

"How" and not "What kind of". This means respectedis an adjective

and respectfullyis a different part of speech, in this case, an adverb.

3. Verbs can also be recognized by some common adjective suffixes.Suffix Meaning Examplesible/ able can, able to do it manageable, responsibleous having the quality of adventurous, joyousful full of hopeful, plentifulless without hopeless, homelessish in the manner of childish, yellowishlike similar to in nature or appearance childlike, apelikeworthy deserving of noteworthy, trustworthyive having the quality of creative, imaginativeic having the quality of economic, dramaticical having the quality of astronomical, biological


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Suffix Meaning Examplesant/ ent having the quality of relevant, patiental having the quality of general, theoreticaly having the quality of lucky, whimsyan having the quality of urban, Caribbeanen having the quality of rotten, swollen

Note: Adjectives also use a large variety of prefixes denoting many differentmeanings.

Watch out!4. The two adjective suffixes ed and ing may be confusing, as past-and present participles can also be used as adjectives, not only as verbs. These

often come in pairs, with the ing-adjective conveying an active, proactive

meaning ( amazing, annoying) and the ed-adjective conveying a passive,

receiver meaning (amazed, annoyed).

Many customers were disappointed by the new product.

[ disappointedis a passive adjective as the customers were influenced to be

disappointed]

The disappointing new product went off the shelves

[ disappointingis an active adjective as the product influenced the stores to

stop selling it]

5. English adjectives neither indicate number nor gender, having one invariableform that does not add sfor pluralsas with nouns ( bigmodifies boy, girl,boys, and girls). English adjectives may change form when the qualities of

modified elements are compared for similarity, difference or intensity, using

the comparative and superlative adjectives forms.

Their new apartment is as big as the old apartment.[ as big asused to indicate similarity]

Their new apartment is bigger than the old apartment.[ bigger thanis used to indicate a difference between 2 apartments]

Their new apartment is the biggest in the building.


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[ the biggestis used to indicate difference between one apartment and all the

the others]

6. Compound adjectives are composed of two or more words that act asadjectives. There are a few rules that determine whether they should be used

with a hyphenor not.

The new Paris hotel has air-conditioned rooms.Tourists often buy tax-free products at airports.Martin Luther King was an important civil rights leader.7. Adjectives can also be divided according to the following categories:

Adjective Type Purpose ExamplesNumber adjectives pointing out quantity and

placement order

one, two, thirty-four, first,

second, thirty-forth

Interrogative adjectives asking questions which, whose, whatQuantity & Distributionadjectives

describing quantity more, all, some, half,

more, every, each

Quality adjectives relates to color, size,smell etc.

red, large, stinking

Possessive adjectives showing what belongs towhom

my, his, their, your

Demonstrativeadjectives

pointing at specific

nouns

this, that, those, these

Note: Quality-, possessive-, and demonstrative adjectives are nowadaystreated as noun determiners but still also as adjectives by more traditional

grammars.

8. Adjectives in English are attributive when they appear as part of the nounphrase. Attributive adjectives in English appearbefore the noun (whereas inother languages, these may follow the noun). Predicative adjectives appearoutside the noun phrase and are linked to it with a linking verb.

They moved into their renovated, new apartment in the last week of May.[ renovated, new=attributive adjectives modifying apartment, last=attributiveadjective modifying week]


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He was happy because his wife looked beautiful.

[ happy=predicative adjective modifying he;beautiful=predicative adjective

modifying wife; was, looked=linking verbs]

9. When more than one adjective is used to describe a noun, you should placethe adjectives according to a certain order. The more factual the adjective is

(color, purpose) the closer it is to the noun than an adjective describing an

opinion ( nice, beautiful). Use the following table to help you.

Tip: Do not normally use more than three adjectives before a noun, with one or two being a morepreferred choice.

determiner

sequence

quantity

opinion

size

age,temperature

shape

color

origin

material

purpose

noun

the last few tasty tiny warm oval yello

w

Fren

ch

sugar breakf

ast

cooki

es

some* ugly larg

e

old gree

n

metal drinkin

g

cups

Note en el esquema anterior indica cuantos adjetivos se pueden usar* (filos note)10. The words so, such, too, and enoughare commonly used with adjectivesfor emphasis. Read the examples below to learn about their added meaning.

The formulas in bold show you how to use them in a sentence.

So and such emphasize result and consequence in the sentence.The lunch mom made was so delicious that we finished all the food in minutes.[ so+adjective emphasizes the adjective deliciousand mentions theconsequence]

It was such a delicious lunch that we finished all the food in minutes.[ such+adjective+noun emphasizes the adjective deliciousand mentions theconsequence]

Too and enough relate to quantity.The steaks were too big for us to finish.[ too+adjective shows that something is in excess]


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The salad was big enough for ten people.[ adjective+enough shows that something is sufficient]

11. Some adjectives relating to nationality or the human condition can be usedwith theto refer to a whole group of people. They have a plural meaning

(without s) and take a plural verb.

The French are renowned for their fine taste and developed sense of style.

The municipality has recently undertaken a new initiative to aid the homeless.

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