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OXFORD INTERNATIONALCOLLEGE OF AIRLINE TOURISM
ANDHOTEL MGT. REWARI (HARYANA)
PRESENTATION ON:-ENGLISH & COMMUNICATION SKILLS
PRESENTED BY:- • PRIYA• RAHUL• PRAVEEN• PRADEEP• PAWAN AGARWAL
PRESENTATION BY:- PRIYA SHARMA
AUXILARY VERBTOPIC:-
More exciting stuff about auxiliaries
There are basically two kinds of auxiliaries: primary and modal.
Primary Auxiliaries
Primary auxiliaries are formed from the verbs have, do, and be.
EXAMPLES:She has known him for ten years.They did not like him very much.I am frustrated by his stubbornness!
Commonly Used Helping Verbsam being do have must wereare can does is shall willbe could had may should wouldbeen did has might was
Some words can be used as both helping
verbs and main verbs. Helping Verb:
- I do enjoy the movies. Main Verb: - I will do the dishes.
Helping Verbs Song (sung to the tune of
“Jingle Bells”)Helping verbs, helping verbs, There are twenty-three: AM, IS, ARE, WAS and WERE BEING, BEEN, and BE….oh! HAVE, HAS, HAD, DO, DOES, DID, SHALL, WILL, SHOULD, and WOULD.
There are five more helping verbs: MAY, MIGHT, MUST, CAN,
COULD.
PRESENTATION BY:- RAHUL
PASSIVETOPIC:-
Using the Passive Voice
Definitions
Changing to the passive voice
Practice examples
Passive voice subjects are acted on
Plastic film … was chosen … to cover the microphone.Passive voice
Subject Verb Object
We ... chose ... plastic film to cover the microphone.
Active voice
Subject Verb Object
Remember tense and number
Passive Verbs in Tenses
.1 Present Tenses
Tenses Active PassivePresent - Simple -eats -is eaten - Continuous -is eating -is being eaten
- Perfect -has eaten -has been eaten
ANSWERS
Tenses Active Passive
Past - Simple -ate -was eaten
- Continuous -was eating -was being eaten
- Perfect -had eaten -had been eaten
ANSWERS
Tense Active PassiveFuture - Simple -will eat -will be eaten
PRESENTATION BY:- PRAVEEN
TENSETOPIC:-
The Six English Verb TensesThree Simple Tenses Simple continuous Present – You walk. I run.
You are walkingI am running.
Past – You Walked I ran.
You were walking. I was running.
Future – You will walk. I will run.
You will be walking.I will be running.
Three Perfect Tenses Perfect continuous Present perfect – you have
walked. I have run.
You have been walking. I have been running.
Past Perfect – You had walked. I had run.
You had been walking. I had been running.
Future Perfect– You will have walked
I will have run.
You will have been walking. I will have been running.
The Simple Present Tense This tense also expresses general truths or facts that are
timeless.
Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius.
The Present Continuous This tense is used to describe an action that is occurring right
now (at this moment, today, this year, etc.). The action has begun and is still in progress. It can be occuring now, but is temporary
Formed by adding Is/are before the verb and –ing to the verb
The Simple Past We use the simple past to indicate exactly when an action or
event took place in the past.
I visited my sister yesterday.We went out to dinner last night.
The Past Continuous The past continuous is often used with the simple past to
show that one action was in progress when another action occurred.
Formed by adding Was/were before the verb and –ing to the verb
The Present Perfect The present perfect is used to talk about an event that began
in the past and continues up to the present.
He has lived in Modesto for two years. (He began living in Modesto two years ago and he still lives there.)
Formed by adding has/have before the verb and –ed to the REGULAR verb
The Future Will and be + going + to are often used to describe future
actions.
PRESENTATION BY:- PRADEEP
WH WORDSTOPIC:-
What is an interrogative sentence?
• An interrogative sentence asks questions.• An interrogative typically begins with a question word such as who, what, where, when, why, how, are, is, do, can, will, or would.
• A interrogative sentence ends in a question mark.
Examples of interrogative sentences
Do you know what
kind of animal I
am?
When are we eating
lunch?What is
your favorite flavor of
ice cream?
Wh-Questions
MethodWh-questions containing who, what and which by getting the subjects to play a version of the board game Cluedo:
Prompt Target response Mrs Peacock saw someone in the lounge. Ask me who Who did Mrs Peacock see in the lounge? Mrs Brown placed something in the library. Ask me what What did Mrs Brown place in the library? Professor Plum wore a coat. Ask me which one Which coat did Professor Plum wear?
PRESENTATION BY:- PAWAN AGARWAL
CONDITIONAL SENTENCESTOPIC:-
Conditional Sentences
Structure :
A conditional sentence is composed of 2 parts :
If-clause + Main Clause
Example :
If it rains tomorrow, we will not come.
If-clause Main Clause
Conditional Sentences
Types :
There are 4 types of conditional sentences. They are classified according to their specific implications.
Each type of conditional sentences uses different tenses to show the difference in their implications.
Conditional Sentences
Type 0 :
Use : Talk about universal truth.
Tense : Present tense in both clauses
Example :
If you heat water to 100°C, it boils.
Present Tense Present Tense
If you pour oil into water, it floats.
Conditional Sentences
Type 1
Use : Talk about a present or future probable case.
Tense : If-clause ~ Present TenseMain Clause ~ Future Tense
Example :
If I feel sick, I will not go to school.
Present Tense Future Tense
If it rains tomorrow, the match will be cancelled.
Conditional Sentences
Type 2 (Present Subjunctive)Use : Talk about a present or future improbable case. (A
case that is unlikely to happen)
Tense : If-clause ~ Past TenseMain Clause ~ would + an infinitive
Example :
If he were a bird, he would fly across the harbour.
Past Tense Would + infinitive
Conditional Sentences
Type 3 (Past Subjunctive)
Use : Talk about a past, impossible case
Tense : If-clause ~ Past Perfect TenseMain Clause ~ Would + Present Perfect Form
Example :
If I had had enough money, I would have bought the camera yesterday.
Past Perfect Tense Would + Present Perfect Form
If I had come home earlier, I would not have missed the programme.
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