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Water as a weapon can be put to overt usein war or employed subtly in peacetime sothat the level of cross-border water flowsbecomes a function of political concession.
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y Interest in the occurrence andbehavior of pharmaceuticals in the
aquatic environment has continued togrow.
yConsidered unregulated so far, may
soon need regulations!
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yCalled Pharma & Personal Care Products
(PPCPs), include wide range of chemicals.
yAlso termed as Micropollutants
yconcentration range g to ng.
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Sources
Manufacturing unit effluents
Domestic effluents after humanuse
Veterinary drugs
Hospital wastes
Domestic disposal of expiry /
unused drugs
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Status in India
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Drug waste creates highest disaster zone
in AndhraMARGIE MASON, AP, Jan 27, 2009, 02.33am IST
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PATANCHERU: When researchers analyzed vials of treated wastewater
from a plant where about 90 Indian drug factories dump theirresidues, they were shocked. Powerful antibiotic was being spewedinto one stream each day to treat every person in a city of 90,000.
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Drug waste creates highest disaster zone in
AndhraMARGIE MASON, AP, Jan 27, 2009, 02.33am IST
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"If you take a bath there, then you have all theantibiotics you need for treatment," said chemist
Klaus Kuemmerer, a German expert on drugresistance in the environment. "If you just swallow afew gasps of water, you're treated for everything.The question is for how long?"
Some locals long believed drugs were seeping intotheir drinking water, and new data from the studyby Joakim Larsson, an environmental scientist at theUniversity of Gothenburg, Sweden, has confirmedtheir suspicions.
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Pharmaceuticals as Emerging
Pollutants!
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yReasons for this attention
yThey are designed to trigger specific biological
effectsyApart from APIs, metabolites also important!
y Pose a potential threat for the aquatic environment.
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Typical Concerns
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yEnvironmental diffusion ofEndocrine
Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs)
yHarmful effects on human and wildlife
health:
yAlteration of estrogen function in wildlife.
y Increasing incidence of cancer.
yDecreasing reproductive fitness of humans.
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