PCDObjective 4.02Infant’s Emotional and Social Development

The Developing Child-Chapter 8

3 days

“The Rescuing Hug” Directions:

Close your eyes while teacher reads a story. After you hear the story draw what you visualized during the

reading. Under your picture you need to write a 2 sentence summary about

what you drew. This activity encourages thinking and processing information; it

is not for assessing drawing skills. Paper and colored pencils will be provided

Answer the following questions on the same paper as you sketch and be ready to share and discuss with the class. What examples of emotional development did you hear in the

article? What examples of social development did you hear in the article? What examples show influences of emotional and social

development?

Emotional Development

The process of learning which continues all the way through a lifetime to recognize and express feelings and establish a unique personal identity

The process of learning which continues all the way through a lifetime to show self-expression and how to interact with others

Social Development

Emotional & Social Developments

are closely interrelated aspects of an infant’s development; yet, each is a separate type of development with clearly observable patterns and characteristics.

Both Emotional & Social Development follow PREDICTABLE PATTERNS Developmental milestones can be anticipated

AFFECTION and HARMONY are key elements needed for both healthy emotional and social development.

Both occur according to individual TIMING and vary from one individual to another

Building trust and forming attachments are essential for both emotional and social development.

With TRUST AND HEALTHY ATTACHMENTS, people learn to handle their emotions and form healthy relationships.

As infants develop emotionally and socially, EACH develops his/her own INDIVIDUAL PERSONALITY.

Personalities are the result of healthy emotional and social development

Both influence a person’s RELATIONSHIPS AND BEHAVIORS.

Both emotional and social development occur over the span of a lifetime---from NEWBORNS TO OLD AGE.

Self-concepts

These feelings about self(emotional) are reflectedin behavior toward others(social).

Differences: Emotional & Social Development

Emotional Definition:

A process of learning to recognize and express feelings and establish a unique personal identity

Social Definition:

A process of learning to show self-expression and how to interact with others

Difference between Emotional & Social

Emotional Result:

Healthy emotional development helps a child become a self-confident adult, able to handle stress, and empathetic to feelings and concerns of others.

Social Result:

Healthy social development helps a child become a tolerant adult who interacts peacefully with others and listens to different points of view before acting.

Difference between Emotional & Social

Emotional Influences:

Emotional development is influenced by:

A child’s individuality and temperament

Type of care received Atmosphere at home

Social Influences:

Social development is influenced by:

Actions of parents and caregivers

Type of care received Atmosphere at home

Difference between Emotional & Social

Emotional Trust and mistrust:

Infants who are frequently held and cuddled develop feelings of safety, love, and trust and feel that the world is a safe place.

Infants who are not as well-loved feel confused and not trusting.

This often leads to behavior and relationship problems later in life.

Social Trust and mistrust:

Eric Erickson’s first stage is where infants learn whether to trust or mistrust others around them.

This trust is the basis of good relationships with others.

Two ways to build trust in infants are:

(1) to provide a consistent environment

(2) to provide their basic needs consistently.

Difference between Emotional & Social

Emotional

Interference:Bitterness and

mistrust in an infant’s environment interferes with healthy emotional development.

Social

Interference:Lack of love and

attention may cause failure to grow and develop optimally.

Difference between Emotional & Social

Emotional

Imitation: Infants catch

the tone of adults’ moods and respond with similar moods.

 

Social

Imitation: Infants learn to

imitate and adjust to the actions of people around them.

Early signs of emotional development:

Crying Muscle tension Smiling Cooing Wiggling the body

Responding to a voice Enjoying being picked

up Responding to

cuddling, comforting Smiling when a

face/person appears Crying when a

face/person leaves

Early signs of social development:

Infant’s Emotional & Social Development

Emotional At birth:

Emotional development begins at birth and continues throughout life.

Newborns are able to feel two basic emotions

Contentment Distress

Social At birth:

Newborns are passive, not social, but within weeks they begin to interact with others around them.

Social interaction continues throughout life.

Infant’s Emotional & Social Development

Emotional First weeks:

Infants’ emotions become more varied.

They learn to associate emotions with causes

Hunger Pain lack of attention etc.

Social First weeks:

Newborns improve their social interactions as they listen to voices, begin to see faces, try to make eye contact, and smile at faces and voices.

Infant’s Emotional & Social Development

Emotional Three months:

Show pleasure/delight with smiles and laughter

show uncertainty with puzzled looks and questioning sounds

Social Three months:

Make cooing sounds to catch attention, fuss until parents come, arch their backs and reach out to be held

Infant’s Emotional & Social Development

Emotional Three to six

months: Show excitement when

caregivers appear and distress when they leave.

Only when babies feel loved and secure can they extend their interests beyond themselves.

Social Three to six

months: Begin to recognize and

trust their caregivers; around six months, form an attachment, or strong bond, with parents/caregivers.

This is their first real social relationship. Many infants also form attachments with special objects.

Infant’s Emotional & Social Development

Emotional Six to ten months:

Begin to show fear as they learn to recognize situations they perceive as threatening.

At ten months, show more specific emotions

Anger Sadness Happiness etc.

Social Six to ten months:

Many demonstrate fear of unfamiliar people, or stranger anxiety, and cry to express their fears.

They often seek approval from parents by “showing off” what they’ve learned to do.

Infant’s Emotional & Social Development

Emotional Eleven to twelve

months: Infants’ fear of being

apart from parents is at its peak.

Many experience separation anxiety when parents leave.

Social Eleven to twelve

months: Infants who cry when

parents leave them are not trying to be unreasonable.

They are still unable to see anyone else’s point of view.

Infant’s Emotional & Social Development

Emotional Search for

independence: As children learn new

physical skills, such as walking, they are developing independence.

Social Search for

independence: The loving care of

parents helps children find their own sense of identity and independence.

Ways to promote healthy attachments

Emotional Hug, kiss, cuddle, rock,

and smile Use a comforting voice Keep up with

attachment objects Set good examples of

ways to express emotions

Allow child to quiet self by sucking

Social Encourage baby to use

gestures Provide positive examples

“hello” “thank you” “bye-bye”

Talk to infants in a pleasant voice

Smile, show positive facial expressions

Provide opportunities for other family members to interact with infant

Infant’s Emotional & Social Development

Emotional

Role of play: Play helps

children learn to express emotions.

Social

Role of play: Play helps

children learn to interact with adults and other children.

1. Stages of both emotional and social development:

A. are completely different for each child.

B. are somewhat predictable in the timing in which they occur.

C. follow steps that are unable to be predicted.

D. involve milestones that are totally unpredictable.

Answer=B

2. Both emotional and social development are related to Erickson’s first stage, trust and mistrust, because learning to trust:

A. is the foundation of healthy emotional and social development later in life.

B. is the last task that newborns achieve in social and emotional development.

C. leads to healthy emotional development, but has little effect on social development.

D. leads to healthy social development, but has little effect on emotional development

Answer=A

Appendix 4.02GStudent HandoutFix It

Directions: Read the first scenario. Afterwards, write a “scene” in which Aunt

Mary confronts her nephew about his son Jason and his lack of opportunities to develop emotionally.

Read the second scenario. Write a “scene” about how the experiences

support healthy social development in children.

Scenario One

Tom’s Aunt Mary volunteered to look after her nephews’ young son Jason one Saturday.

Tom showed his aunt where all the bottles, diapers, and toys were located.

Then he told Aunt Mary that she wouldn’t have any trouble because Jason watches television all day and hardly moves from his spot on the floor.

Write a scene in which Aunt Mary talks with her nephew about his son’s lack of opportunities to develop emotionally.

write a “scene” in which Aunt Mary confronts her nephew about his son Jason and his lack of opportunities to develop emotionally.

Scenario Two Mary is a caregiver at a local child care

center. Sam and Sandra send their children to the

center often to interact with other children through exercise and play.

Laura and Susan play together with other children on the playground and work together at the tables on the inside.

Write a scene to express how the experience at the child care center can help the children develop socially.

Write a “scene” about how the experiences support healthy social development in children

“Erickson’s Trust vs. Mistrust”

Directions:Read in the textbook, The Developing

Child, Chapter 8 page 256-____ about Eric Erikson’s Theory of Personality Development--TRUST Vs. MISTRUST.

Use the graphic organizer (Appendix 4.02E) to record your findings.

“Show & Tell—The EARLY SIGNS”

Directions: Each student will have a different

“early sign” of E + S Development. Find a picture in a magazine that

shows/demonstrates your “early sign.” Be ready to glue your picture to the

poster labeled, “Early Signs” of Emotional and Social Development of Infants.

Emotional and Social TimelineDirections:1. A timeline will be place on the wall

1. Labeled Month 1-122. Materials:

1. The Developing Child, Textbook2. A milestone of emotional or social dev. in infants3. Scissors, crayons, colored pens4. Paper doll

3. Look for your milestone in Ch. 8.4. Write the following on your paper doll

1. Milestone info.2. Age/month in which the milestone occurs3. Color and/or decorate

5. After you have completed your doll, you will need to place your doll on the timeline in the appropriate time frame.

6. The whole class will view the timeline and discuss our findings.

“T chart--- Emotional and Social Development”

Use the handout found in Appendix 4.02F to list the milestones of emotional development that occur in the first year in the left column.

In the right column, list milestones of social development that occur in the first year.

•Write how they are different in a summary paragraph at the bottom of the T-chart.

What Do Emotional/Social Development Have in Common?

1. Both follow predictable _patterns_2. _Affection_ and harmony are key elements needed

for healthy emotional and social development.3. Both occur according to individual _Timing_ .4. Building trust and healthy _attachment__ is essential

for both emotional and social development.5. Infants develop individual _personalities_ as they

develop emotionally and socially.6. Both relationships and _behaviors_ are influenced by

emotional and social development.7. Both emotional and social development occur over

the span of a _lifetime_.

Multiple Choice Questions

Complete the multiple choice questions on the back of your Key Terms paper.

Key terms

emotional development

The process of learning to recognize and express feelings and establish a unique personal identity

social development

The process of learning to show self-expression and interact with others

predictable patterns

Happening or turning out in the way that might have been expected

Affection

Tender feelings toward someone or something

Harmony

A situation in which there is friendly agreement or accord

Timing

The ability to choose or the choice of the best moment to do or say something

Trust

Reliance on good qualities, especially fairness, honor, and ability

healthy attachments

A good bond between a child and a parent or other primary caregivers

individual personality

A specific person, distinct from others in a group

Relationships

A significant connection or similarity between two or more things, or the state of being related to something else

Behaviors

The way a person acts

self-concepts

The way a person looks at himself/herself

Mistrust

Lack of confidence in a person or thing

Interference

A hindrance that prevents a desired outcome

Imitation

The act of mimicking somebody, or an impression of somebody

Independence

Freedom from being controlled by another person

Emotions

A strong feeling about someone or something

Personality

The totality of someone’s attitudes, interests, behavioral patterns, emotional responses, social roles, and other traits that endure over long periods of time