Date post: | 13-Apr-2017 |
Category: |
Environment |
Upload: | moudud-hasan |
View: | 27 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Interbasin Water Transfers and Possible Conflicts: PCJ River Basins Case Study
Photo: Folha de Campinas
Source: Guia turístico Piracicaba
Bruna JulianiMd Moudud Hasan
Contents • Piracicaba, Capivari and Jundiaí (PCJ)
River Basins• The Cantareira water supply system
• Conflicts between Cantareira system and
PCJ river basin
• Negotiations between them
• Impact of the Cantareira system on PCJ
basins
• Recommendation
INTERUNIVERSITY PROGRAMME IN WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
BackgroundAlthough Brazil is one of the world’s most-endowed countries in terms of waterresources, the distribution does not always follow the population concentration
13% freshwater world’s
5% Brazilian population’s
19% other river basins
81% Amazon River Basin
95% Brazilian population’s
INTERUNIVERSITY PROGRAMME IN WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
Brazil's Water Management SystemImportant Water policy
➢ Water is a public goods
➢ Water is a finite
resource and has an
economic value
➢ When scarce, drinking
water supply is the
uppermost priority
INTERUNIVERSITY PROGRAMME IN WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
Study Area
PCJ River Basins
Metropolitan region of São
Paulo
5,985 km²
20 million inhabitants
19% GDP
15,400 km²
5 million inhabitants
7% GDP
INTERUNIVERSITY PROGRAMME IN WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
The history behind the diversion...
The metropolitan region of São Paulo (MRSP) is the largesturban concentration and industrial complex in Latin America
In the 1950s
MRSP started growing up disorderly
Cantareira system supply was initiated
1966
Transferring waters from 4 dammed tributaries of PCJ RB to Alto Tietê RBThe main use water Alto Tietê is Urban supply
INTERUNIVERSITY PROGRAMME IN WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
Characteristics of Cantareira system
33 m3/s Cantareira
System
5.0 m3/s D/S to PCJ
45 m3/sDiversion
point
• provides 50% of the water
supply• approximately 9 million
people in MRSP
SABESP: Responsible for the dams, reservoirs and channels of Cantareira system
ANA and DAEE: National and state levels, responsible for operational standards
INTERUNIVERSITY PROGRAMME IN WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
Major challenges
No compensatory measures were established for riparian users
Later established numerous environmental laws and regulations made this projects much
more complex
Heavy industrial and residential development in PCJ basin during the 1980s generated fierce
debate and major conflicts regarding water use
INTERUNIVERSITY PROGRAMME IN WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
PCJ River Basins Committee established In 1993
➢ Allocate water
➢ Implement new development projects
➢ Arbitrate conflicts among stakeholders
➢ Impose pollution control restrictions
➢ Establishing the fee mechanisms
PCJ River Basin
Committee: 51
members
State Govern
ment: 17
Municipalities: 17
Civil society:
17
INTERUNIVERSITY PROGRAMME IN WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
In 2004 : Negotiation supported and supervised by
Valid up-to 2014
Compensatory measures: 7.50 USD/1,000 m3 transferred to another basin
Cantareira system grant 31m³/sec
The diversion to Alto Tiete RB affects the availability of water in PCJ RB.
INTERUNIVERSITY PROGRAMME IN WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
INTERUNIVERSITY PROGRAMME IN WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
Socio-economic impacts
• Lack of water that has hampered the functioning of schools, hospitals and businesses• Agriculture has suffered• Economic growth affected
Source:Drought in Brazil. Creative Commons: 2009 The Jacarei river dam is part of São Paulo’s Cantareira system of dams.Photograph: Nelson Almeida/AFP/Getty Images
INTERUNIVERSITY PROGRAMME IN WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
Source: Agência PCJ
Amount of money collected by water users
● Decreased in collection due to no payment by water user
Participation of users in the collection (%)
INTERUNIVERSITY PROGRAMME IN WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
Environmental Impacts
➢Environmental problems such as the lack, and low quality of the
water
➢Degradation of the aquatic resources.
➢Increase in the amount of pollution by organic material from
domestic and industrial sewage
INTERUNIVERSITY PROGRAMME IN WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
Extreme climate events
2014…long period of drought in the southeast Brazil’s summer
Piracicaba River, October 2014
➢ Lower flow rate Piracicaba river
➢ Death fishes
Photos: Molin
INTERUNIVERSITY PROGRAMME IN WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
Extreme climate events
2014…long period of drought in the southeast Brazil’s summer
After - October 2014
➢ Decreased Cantareira system water delivery capacity
➢ High scarcity risk for MRSP
➢ Part-time water rationing, in many cities
Cantareira system - Before droughtSource: Molin
INTERUNIVERSITY PROGRAMME IN WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
Institutional Problems
➢ Debates and discussions about the Cantareira System’s grant renewal
➢ Political interests involving water governance
INTERUNIVERSITY PROGRAMME IN WATER RESOURCE ENGINEERING
Conclusions and recommendations
➢It would be very difficult to expand the water supply system in the
MRSP because further water transfers from neighboring basins
would impose large political and social costs.
➢Interbasins coordination is necessary to minimize the problem
➢Creation of new financial mechanisms to encourage proper use
➢Brazil needs to reduce the water demand by minimizing water
losses
Backup