PEAC Power & Energy Automation€¦ · 2030. 2050: Greenhouse gas reduction (1990) 40%: 55%. 80%:...

Confidential & Proprietary | Copyright © 2019 Slide 1

Damir NovoselQuanta Technology President

March 2020

Key Success Factors for Green, Resilient, and Affordable Electrical Energy Delivery

PEAC Power & Energy Automation Conference


If Edison and Tesla came back… 2

http://www.selinc.com/images/421_lg.jpg

http://www.selinc.com/images/421_lg.jpg


Society Targets and Solutions

Germany 2020 2030 2050

Greenhouse gas reduction (1990) 40% 55% 80%

Renewable energy share 18% 30% 60%

Energy efficiency increase (2008) 20% 50%

TARGETS

Decarbonization Reliability and Resilience Affordable Electricity Prices

California Senate Bill 100 50% renewable energy by 2026, 60% by 2030 100% renewable and zero-carbon resources by 2045

New York Clean Energy Standard Reduce greenhouse gas 85% by 2050 70% renewables by 2030 and 100% carbon-free by 2040 Energy storage: 1.5GW 2025, 3GW 2030 Doubling energy efficiency by 2025

Electrification Transportation: Light-, Medium-, Heavy-Duty, Buses Buildings: Residential & Commercial Industrial and Agriculture

Energy/Fuel Transformation Renewable generation (solar, wind, etc.) Electrical Storage

Energy Efficiency

1891: First successful electric car 1904: ~1/3 cars were electrical

SOLUTIONS

US: ~10 ¢/kWhCA: ~15 ¢/kWhEU: ~27 ¢/kWh


Amazon, UPS, FedEx, PepsiCo have alternative

vehicle programs Total system load is OK, but

impact at the charging point needs to be managed

30 UPS Trucks charging at 500 kW = 15 MW

A big driver is cities aiming for zero emission zones

Source: US EIA

Source: NREL

Decarbonization though Electrification

Transportation drives growth –leading to 2% CAGR

Electrification leads to significant emission reductions for cities


Peak load growth even with managed charging (e.g., transformer overloading)

Understanding impact of increased loading on entire load profile – accelerate re-rating and replacement

Load increase due to the evolution of the charging station from Level II to Fast Chargers -e.g. spike with metro bus charging (projected between 7-20 MW)

Building sector heat pump conversion results in increased winter load

Mapping Charging Facilities Locations to Substations – Localizing Impact

Electrification Impact

Key for de-carbonization is electrification, which requires investments in a robust, hybrid grid


Getting the Grid Modernization Priorities Right

Resilience and Asset Management• Aging Infrastructure• Reliability and Security (Cyber & Physical)• Hardening for weather events/climate change• Gas and electrical interdependency

Distributed Energy Resources, Microgrids, Energy Storage

Smarter Grid• Energy Efficiency/Demand Response (DR)• Electrification, Smart Cities and Villages• Data Analytics, Grid Visibility, etc.

Balanced and mixed resource portfolio to achieve reliability and economic targets

Balanced Investment Strategy

Value of the Grid Increase penetration of renewables Increased Electrification Improve Resilience Market Access for DER/Lower Market Prices Transactive Energy/Customer Choice

New York City July 13, 2019

Value of DER and Storage Values recognized (e.g. non-wire alternatives) Formalized or mandated for examination in

some jurisdictions

Appropriately compare DER/Storage benefits and costs with Grid benefits and costs


New Investments and Technologies Affecting Grid Performance

Investment alternatives and operating practices (e.g. non-wire alternatives) to defer or avoid traditional T&D projects (e.g. installing new wires and transformers)

Distributed Energy Resources, Storage, Flexible AC and DC

Systems, Dynamic ratings

Energy efficiency, demand response, and generation

efficiency

Values need to be accurately determined

depending on time, location, and size

Planning and operational tools should incorporate deployed resources and

technologies

Having subsidized asset provide market services has to be evaluated based on regional differences


New Investments and Technologies Affecting Grid Performance

Generation Bucket – Market products (frequency regulation, reserve, voltage mgmt., restoration)

T&D Bucket – Asset deferral, reliability, DER integration, congestion mgmt., power quality

Consumer Bucket – PV Integration, backup, resilience

Supply & Demand Bucket – Buffering variable “inventory” to achieve balance across different times and locations

Transportation Bucket - Charging infrastructure of Busses, Trains, Cars/Trucks

Stacking benefits to achieve a better business case

Storage is a New Asset Class

Regulation and proper market design are key factors to monetization of all possible benefits

N-1 Congestion Relief Example


Wire vs./& Non-Wire Technology Selection

The system-wide methodology relies on a combination of:• Load and DER forecasting analysis

• Detailed engineering analysis of the conventional and storage benefits (e.g. reliability indices) via time-series power flow, 8760 hours/year simulations

• Storage sizing and location: Repeatable and scalable models and control algorithms for the combined applications and 10-year, stochastic cost projections for selected technologies, e.g. Lithium-ion and Vanadium Redox

• Detailed costs-benefit analysis for conventional, storage, and hybrid applications

Select solution based on high confidence financial analysis

Time-series Power Flow Simulations

Cost Forecast Model

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Load and DER Forecasting


Non-Wire Alternatives: Transmission Example

Alternative Alternative Name1 Original Solution: Substation2 Wire alternative: Tie to a neighbor3 Hybrid Solution: Energy Storage plus transmission line4 Energy Storage Solution: Phased approach5 …

Potential wire and non-wire alternatives to comply with Capacity, Reliability, and Flexibility objectives and align with Commission comments

Reliability Indices Expected Energy Not Served Maximum Interrupted Power Load Bank level SAID/SAIFI Losses

Flexibility Indices Availability of Flexibility - Additional margin (MW)

for maintenance, operations, and emergency events Period of Deficit - Periods when the available

generation resources are less than required Restoration Time


Non-Wire Alternatives: Distribution Example

Motivation Voltage, flicker, and back feed issues arising from

projected installation of large PV facilities in two 13.2-kV circuits

Underground network

Planning Considerations Congestion usually occurs after N-1 contingency Reliability of radial distribution feeders are

deteriorating (running ~ full capacity in recent years) Siting and sizing energy storage DER portfolio (Storage + PV + DR)

Potential wire and non-wire alternatives to address High PV Accommodation and Reliability Enhancement and align with Commission comments

Four 2MW PV systems interconnected to radial feeder Construction of new circuit (~7 miles) along with

switch gear, breaker and relaying NWA: Distributed BESS (2 MW, 6MW, 2 MW – 4 hours) Considering BESS value stacking, NWA is a favorable

economic solution

Siting and Sizing of Storage to

Accommodate High PV


Operational Aspects – “Duck” Curves

Demand Curve, Winter 2019, CENACE Mexico

…reduce ramping impacts and balancing costs

Source: California ISO

Source: VELCO

Source: CENACE

Managing growth of new renewables – Need for Upgrading the grid

Little visibility of operators to monitor distributed generation levels

Controlling voltage to customers Loss of large amounts of renewables Weather forecasting/climate change


Renewables Integration Challenges and Solutions

T&D planning & operations require accurate modeling

Monitoring & control of smart inverters to mitigate impact and enhance the DER benefits => Grid Management System

Increased visibility needs –Synchronized Measurements

Low fault currents & dynamic system changes requiring adaptive protection

Inverter Based Resources (IBR) Less Inertia Things Happen Faster! + Low Fault Currents

Southern California Solar Resource Loss, Aug. 2016 Frequency Decay for Loss of 1,000 MW

Source: IEEE/NERC report on Impact of Inverter Based Generation on Bulk Power System Dynamics and Short-Circuit Performance

• Address inverter ride-through settings and calculations of voltages and frequency

• Re-evaluate NERC PRC-024-2 –inverters should not trip instantaneously

• Inverter-Based Resources can provide reserve margins if recognized in the marketplace

• IEEE Std. 1547-2018 defines reliability services, e.g. frequency response, ramping and voltage support


DER Aggregation & Control Platform (DERMS)

Hybrid Architecture:

E-DERMS: Enterprise DERMS (DERMS at control center)

R-DERMS: Regional Aggregation, Monitoring, and DER Optimizer

L-DERMS: Local Resource Aggregator and Monitoring

Primary DERs with site controllers

Embedded controls in Grid-Edge device

E-DERMS

R-DERMS

L-DERMS (distributed)

PV, EV, ESS

Plant Controller

Centralized DER

R-DERMS

Site Controller

PV, EV, ESS

Grid-Edge Device

PV, EV, ESSMicrogrid Controllers

DMS/SCADA or Enterprise Bus


DERMS and Site Controller Objectives


Field Area Communications for DER Monitoring & Controls

PV

PV

PV

PV

Inverter

Inverter

Inverter

Inverter

Network

Aggregator

HMI

Datalogger

Remote Access

DNPModbus

TCP Utility InterfaceController

Protocol Translator, Data Aggregator,

Local Control, Etc.

Define “monitoring & control” NODEs

Define Communication Architecture

Implement “Aggregators” and deploy “site Controllers”

Integrate to DMS/SCADA


Example: Bronzeville Microgrid One of the 6 microgrids to be build and operated by ComEd Located adjacent to IIT Campus microgrid to form Cluster Microgrid 7 MW load, mix generation: PV = ~1 MW, ESS = 500 kW/2 MWh,

CHP + Diesel + Fuel cell= 7 MW) Selected as one of the DOE funded projects for microgrid controller

design and testing Using loop scheme with supply from two substations and

automated fault detecting, clearing and fast restoration Two separate islands or connected together

2×2MW

POI1B1

B4

POI2Tie

IIT Microgrid

5 MW

POI4

POI3

4.16/12.5 kV

CO

BES

GS

FC

DLI

PD

RC

CC

MA

GL

BC

B6B5

Roof-top PV

Automated switches

ComEd Microgrid

B2

B3

Vista Switch

FC Fuel cell

BESS Site

Dearborn Homes PV Site

Microgrid Footprint

Extended System

Boundary

Source: ComEd

Aggregating 17 roof-top PV Systems as part of Microgrid


Definition of resiliencyThe ability to withstand and reduce the magnitude and/or duration of disruptive events, which includes the capability to anticipate, absorb, adapt to, and/or rapidly recover from such event

Ensuring resiliency requires• Determine which risks (events) to

the grid to protect against• Identify the steps, if any, needed to

ensure those risks are addressed

Examples of high-impact, low frequency disruptive events• Fuel supply interruptions• Extreme weather events• HEMP attack/GMD

FERC’s 2018 Resiliency Order Resiliency evaluation methods and metrics are key areas of research, however, there is

no widely accepted industry standard yet

Source: https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/09/f26/EnergyResilie

nceReport_(Final)_SAND2015-18019.pdf

Resilience Definitions

https://energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2015/09/f26/EnergyResilienceReport_(Final)_SAND2015-18019.pdf


Resilience Targets Fast changing environment requires

continuous and adaptive response to various risks/events (e.g. cyber risks, DER integration)

Important not to lose sights of priorities to invest time and funds (fire risk vs. HEMP risk)

Metrics and Industry Standards• System dependent (e.g. hurricane vs. snow-

storm risks)• Measure base and future states to define

metrics - data analytics• Resilient system is more reliable – Is there a

need to update reliability standards? Focus on Solutions to improve current state:

• DER, storage, microgrids• Advanced monitoring, control, and

protection• Tools, processes, and training• Etc.

Cyber Security NERC CIP 002-011 and CIP 013 (Supply Chain, July ‘20)

Physical Vulnerability NERC CIP 014 - Physical Security Substation and System - Critical substations

Geomagnetic Disturbance (GMD)High-altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP)

Prevention – Detection – Mitigation - Recovery

Physical Security Cyber SecuritySource: NERC

Resilience Issues and Targets


Annual Protection System Misoperation Rate Q4 2013 - Q3 2018

Source:NERC

Protection Misoperationsby Cause Code

(4Q 2013 - 3Q 2018)

Increasing Complexity of Protection and Control Systems

Resilience Metrics and Solutions

ExtractsUni-

directional Link to

Operating Centers

Fixed Asset Data (existing & investments)

Customer Connections & Asset loading

Employee Data

Bi-directional interface

Planned Outages

Event Logs, Line Peaks

Protection & Control Device Data

Work Order Management

Manual InputData Entry Applications

Common Information Model

Nodal Network Model

Power Flow Model

Short Circuit Model

Uni-directional Link from

Reports & Custom Views

Internal Web Applications

Performance Management

Schematic & Drawing Repository

Custom Views

ISO Reports

Communication Platform

Compliance Audits

Remote Field Access

Achieve Single Source of Data and eliminate redundant manual

entry/calculations

Automation of NERC PRC/CIP compliance and reporting Give fast, clear information and decision guidance to engineers Assess mis-operations and correct relay margins Improve life cycle asset

replacement strategy: report failed or malfunctioning apparatus, relays, etc.

Process IEC 61850 data continuously and after fault or event

Automated and accurate fault location

Solutions through Automation


Example: Technologies to Reduce Wildfire Safety Risks

Falling conductor protection using distribution PMUs and wireless WAN to

detect a line break before it hits the ground

PMU1 PMU2 PMU3 PMU4

θ2 θ3 θ4

θ1

PMU1 PMU2 PMU3 PMU4

θ3 θ4

θ1 θ2

FC

θ1 not aligned with the other PMUs

θ1 and θ2 aligned with each otherθ3 and θ4 aligned with each other

Source 1 Source 2

Source 1 Source 2

FC

Source: SDG&E

Rapid Earth Fault Current Limiter to address fire risks

due to arcing

Peterson Coil

𝐼𝐼𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 =𝑉𝑉𝐺𝐺

3 ∗ 𝑅𝑅𝑛𝑛

Typical fault current values: 0–50 mA (after 80 ms)

• Higher voltages on healthy phases and protection challenges• Circuit to remain energized for seconds to facilitate faulted circuit detection• Reclosing to be de-activated for all types of faults• Circuit will remain de-energized until either data determines faulted section

or entire circuit patrolled

Ground Fault

https://youtu.be/hOnp0vKrFbg

https://youtu.be/hOnp0vKrFbg


Example: Automated Fault Location System

Traveling-wave

calculation

Impedance -based

calculation

Traveling- wave records

COMTRADE & relay data files

Expert System

Rule-based synthesis of fault location

Control Centerfault

location report with tower map

GIS lightning

database

Faulted-circuit

indicator(FCI) results

SCADA/ EMS/DMS

status report

Traveling wave locations

Relay fault report files

GIS towerdatabase

Power system & line data

Automatic Fault Data Retrieval

Automatic Fault

Location Reporting &

Archiving

Automatic Fault

Notification

Automatic Fault Location Calculation

Aspen OneLiner

Fault Simulations

Quick and Automatic With map location identifying

the most probable tower and error estimate

With best accuracy

ReactanceRE-XE-compensationIo compensationTakagiNovosel


Climate Change and Asset Risk Management

Quantifying this Risk

Higher Ambient = Less Cooling

Higher Loading for More Hours

= Higher Internal Temperatures

Higher Internal Temperatures

= Faster Insulation Degradation, More

Annealing, Etc. Higher Ambient = Greater Cooling

Loads

Higher Humidity = Higher

Nighttime Temps= Higher Off Peak

Loads

Elevated and Flatter Load Profiles

More Faster Degradation= Loss of Life Expectancy

= Higher Failure Rates=More/Faster Replacement

2-4 degree C increase will increase peak electrical load by 5% and the overall loading - Loss-of-life impact, e.g. transformers

Higher humidity means evening temps stay higher longer

More severe weather will cause reliability issues and higher costs to maintain reliability (SAIDI/SAIFI)

Sea level rise and severe weather mean flooding of facilities


Key Success Factors for the Energy Future Electricity is key for achieving societal and economic goals, such

as decarbonization and growth Demand for electricity will increase - electrification and fuel

transformation

Need for clear and balanced society & regulatory policies

Hybrid, modernized grid is key for resilient, safe, reliable, and efficient energy delivery Mix of synchronous generation, inverter-based resources, and

dynamic and active distribution grids with conventional and new loads (e.g. electrical transportation and home heating)

Innovations and optimal utilization of technologies and processes

Robust and reliable analytics

Prioritize investments to achieve reliability and resilience targets in the most cost-effective way

Key Factors for Resilient Grid: Technology Advancements, Educated Workforce, Standards,

and Sharing Global Best-Practices

Back to the Future

Source: US EIA


(919) 334-3000

quanta-technology.com

[email protected]

Facebook.com/quanta-technology-LLC

@QuantaTech

Linkedin.com/company/quanta-technology

Quanta Technology, LLC4020 Westchase Blvd., Suite 300

Raleigh, NC 27607

Thank you!

http://search.dilbert.com/search?p=R&srid=S3-1&lbc=dilbert&w=dilbert%20impedes%20sale&url=http://dilbert.com/strips/comic/2009-08-05/&rk=1&uid=7302443&sid=2&ts=custom&rsc=KV3vkYcEezwE3pO2&method=and&isort=date&view=list&filter=type:comic

http://search.dilbert.com/search?p=R&srid=S3-1&lbc=dilbert&w=dilbert%20impedes%20sale&url=http://dilbert.com/strips/comic/2009-08-05/&rk=1&uid=7302443&sid=2&ts=custom&rsc=KV3vkYcEezwE3pO2&method=and&isort=date&view=list&filter=type:comic

Date post:	29-May-2020
Category:	Documents
Upload:	others
View:	1 times
Download:	0 times

PEAC Power & Energy Automation€¦ · 2030. 2050: Greenhouse gas reduction (1990) 40%: 55%. 80%:...

Documents