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The effect of hydro-alcoholic celery

(Apiumgraveolens) leaf extract on

cardiovascular parameters and lipidprofile in animal model of hypertension

induced by fructose



Abstract•

Objectives: Hypertension is one of the most common diseases of themodern era. This study evaluates the effect of hydro-alcoholic celery

leaf extract onsystolic blood pressure (SBP), heart rate (H) and lipid

profile in animals! model of hypertension induced by fructose.

• Materials and Methods: Spra"ue #a$ley rats $ere divided into five

"roups% &) control "roup (free access to tap drin'in" $ater), ) "roup

receivin" m"*'" celery leaf extract, +) "roup receivin" fructose

&, and ,) receivin" fructose and &m"*'" or m"*'" of

extract (n/0). 1n all "roups, before and durin" the test period, SBP

and H $ere measured by Po$er lab system. 2ipid profiles $ere

determined by auto analysis. epeated measurement and one $ay

34563 $ere used for data analysis. P7. $as considered

statistically si"nificant.



• esults : The SBP in the fructose "roup si"nificantly increased

compared to control "roup (P7.&). SBP, in "roups receivin"

fructose8&m"*'" extract, fructose and receivin" m"*'"

extract, and receivin" m"*'" of extract, compared to fructose

"roup si"nificantly decreased. Heart rate in any of these "roups

sho$ed no si"nificant difference. 9holesterol, tri"lyceride, 2#2

and 62#2 in the fructose "roup si"nificantly increased: ho$ever,

these effects si"nificantly decreased in the recipient extract "roups.H#2 levels in the fructose "roup sho$ed no difference $hile in the

"roups receivin" the extract they si"nificantly increased.

• !onclusions: 9elery leaf extract reduces SBP, cholesterol,tri"lyceride, 2#2 and 62#2 in animal model of fructose-induced

hypertension. 1n conclusion, celery leaf extract $ith its blood

pressure and lipid lo$erin" effects, can be considered as an

antihypertensive a"ent in chronic treatment of elevated SBP



INTRODUCTION



1t has been reported that increases in dietary fructose inta'e can

cause. hypertension due to hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in

experimental animals (Tran et al., ;: Sanche<-2o<ada et al.,

=: >n"elhard et al., ?).

1n addition, hi"h dosa"e of fructose inta'e has been documented to

increase insulin resistance and results in hypertension in rodents.

The fructose-fed rats have been considered to parallel syndrome @observed in humans (Aannappan et al., ?).

edical herbs are an important part of the traditional medicine

practiced all over the $orld due to their easy access and lo$ cost

(3yo'a, ) and many of them are used for attenuation or

treatment of hypertension and other cardiovascular disorders. 1t has

been reported that there is si"nificant inverse association of blood

pressure (BP) $ith ve"etarian diet rich in calcium, fibers, potassium,

ma"nesium, and proteinin previous studies (>n"elhard et al., ?).



• 9elery (3pium Craveolense) is a medical herb used as a food and

also in traditional medicine. 9elery contains aromatic substances

in the stem, leaves and roots. The healin" properties of celery are

due to its essential oil and flavonoids (2i et al., &). 3mon" the

copious effects of celery, its antifun"al, antibacterial, antioxidant,

antidiabetic (Aolarovic et al., &: Popovic et al., ?), and

hepatoprotective effects can be mentioned (Shivashri et al., &+).

Durthermore, it can decrease blood cholesterol level in rats $ith

hypercholesterolemia (Tsi et al., &;;).• The celery seed extract has sho$n an antihypertensive property

that appears to be attributable to its active hydrophobic constitutes

effect (Hassanpour, &+).

•Ho$ever, the effect of celery leaves extract on lipid profile andfructose-induced hypertension has not been sho$n yet. Therefore,

the present study is aimed to investi"ate the effect of celery leaf

hydroalcoholic extract on systolic blood pressure (SBP), heart

rate (H) and the lipid profile of this model of hypertension.



Material and Methods



Plant Material

• Creen and fresh celery $as purchased from lo'al

mar'et.

• The freshly collected leaves $ere cleaned from dirt

and dried under shade. SubseEuently, they $erecoarsely po$dered manually (in a mechanical mixer)

and mixed $ith = ethanol for = hrs at room

temperature and stirred daily. The mixture $as then

filtered throu"h Fhatman filter paper 4o.&,

concentrated and dried at room temperature. The

obtained po$der (+) $as stored at G9 for the

next administration (Shah et al. ;).



Animal

• 3dult male Spra"ue #a$ley rats $ei"hted &-

" $ere used for the study. The animals

$ere 'ept under &-hour li"ht and dar' cycle and

received tap $ater and commercial cho$ adlibitum. The rats $ere acclimated to the

procedure of blood pressure measurement for one

$ee'. Dollo$in" the trainin" period, the control

rats continued the diet of tap $ater and the cho$,

$hile the other "roups under$ent some chan"es

in their diet after "roupin".



Experimental Design

The rats $ere divided

into five "roups (0in each "roup) and

treated for seven$ee's.



Five Groups of Rats for thisStudy

Control group (C): Theanimals received tap

water.

Fructose group (F): Theanimals received fructose!" in the drin#ing water(seven wee#s) and ml of

normal saline orally dailyfrom wee#

$%tract group (C$): Theanimals received tap waterand celery e%tract (&!!

mg'g'day gavage)

Fructose*e%tract groups (F$!!) : The animals

received fructose !" in

drin#ing water for +wee#s and from wee# !ml of two doses of

celery e%tract (!!mg'g'day gavage)

Fructose*e%tract groups (F$&!!) : The animals

received fructose !" indrin#ing water for +

wee#s and from wee# !ml of two doses of

celery e%tract (&!!

Five group of rats



"ystolic #lood $ressure ("#$)% &eart ate

(&) and 'ipid $rofile Measurements

• S , - a n d R w e r e m e a s u r e d i n c o n s c i o u s r a t s p l a c e d i n r e s t r a i n e r u s i n g t a i l * c u / m e t h o d

& • T h e S , - a n d R w e r e d e t e r m i n e d a t t h e e n d o f e v e r y w e e # . 0 t t h e e n d o f w e e # + t h e a n i m a l s w e r e f a s t e d o v e r n i g h t a n d t h e n 1 l o o d s a m p l e c o l l e c t e d d i r e c t l y f r o m t h e h e a r t o f t h e a n e s t h e t i 2 e d r a t s

3 • 4 i p i d p r o 5 l e i n c l u d i n g p l a s m a c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f t r i g l y c e r i d e t o t a l

c h o l e s t e r o l h i g h d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n c h o l e s t e r o l ( 6 4 ) w a s m e a s u r e d 1 y a u t o a n a l y 2 e r . T h e v a l u e s w e r e e % p r e s s e d i n m g ' d l . 7 4 6 4 c o n c e n t r a t i o n w a s c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g f o r m u l a 7 4 6 4 8 T G ' 9 . 4 o w d e n s i t y l i p o p r o t e i n c h o l e s t e r o l ( 4 6 4 ) c o n c e n t r a t i o n w a s c a l c u l a t e d u s i n g t h e f o l l o w i n g f o r m u l a 4 6 4 8 T o t a l c h o l e s t e r o l : ( 6 4 ; 7 4 6 4 )



Statistical Analysis

• 3ll values $ere expressed as mean S>.

The statistical si"nificances in mean values of

lipid profile bet$een animal "roups $ere

evaluated by one-$ay 34563, follo$ed

by 2S# test. #ifferences in mean values of

blood pressure and heart rate $ere

assessed accordin" to repeated measurementof one-$ay 34563 follo$ed by 2S# test.



Reslts

ffect of !elery xtract and ructose eeding on"ystolic #lood $ressure



E!ects o" #rctose #eeding and CeleryExtract On $eart Rate



E!ects o" #rctose #eeding and Celery Extract On &ipid Pro'le





Celery lea" extract and cardio(asclarparameters







Discssion

Deedin" healthy rats a fructose diet results in insulin

resistance, hyperinsulinemia, and hypertension

insulin promotes renal sodium absorption in a variety of

species. Hyperinsulinemia can stimulate many hypertensino"enic

mechanisms, such as activation of the sympathetic nervous

system, increase in renal sodium and $ater reabsorption,

proliferation of vascular smooth muscle tissue, and increases

in reactive oxy"en species and dysre"ulation of ener"y

homeostasis and lipid*carbohydrate metabolism



Hi"h fructose consumption leads to fructose-inducedlipo"enesis, insulin resistance, metabolic dyslipidemia and

increased the 2#2, 62#2 and TC levels of plasma

9hronic treatment of rats $ith a diet hi"h in fructose causes

oxidative stress There is stron" relationship bet$een oxidative stress and

hypertension



reduction of oxidative stress by pharmacolo"ical

doses of some antioxidant a"ents lo$ers blood

pressure in animals $ith hypertension, yet it has no

effect on blood pressure in normal animals

The flavonoid api"enin, one of the components of

celery leaves, $as sho$n to express stron"

antioxidant effects by increasin" the activities of

antioxidant en<ymes and thereby decreasin" theoxidative dama"e to tissues



CONC&USION

Hi"h fructose consumption causes the fructose-

induced lipo"enesis, insulin resistance and

metabolic dyslipidemia

9hronic treatment of rats $ith hi"h-fructose

diet causes oxidative stress



CONC&USION )*+

reduction of oxidative stress by

pharmacolo"ic doses of multiple a"ents

antioxidants lo$er blood pressure inanimals $ith hypertension, but has no

effect on blood pressure in normal

animals



CONC&USION ),+

• api"enin flavonoid %

&. express a stron" antioxidant effect by

increasin" the activity of antioxidant en<ymes

. a decrease in the intensity of lipid peroxidation

and reduced "lutathione enhancement



CONC&USION )-+

9elery leaf extract $ith blood pressure

and lipid-lo$erin" effects, may be

considered as an antihypertensive a"entin the treatment of chronic increased SBP

in mice.

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