People In Business

› Motivating Workers› Organisation And Management› Recruitment, Selection And Training Of Workers› Internal And External Communication

Topics To Be Covered In The Topic

Motivating Workers› What Is Motivation?› Motivation is the reason why employees want to

work hard and work efficiently for the business

Motivational Theories› F.W.Taylor :-› His main idea for motivating employees were giving

the employee according to the output they are producing. There were many advantages, For e.g.-Workers would do the work in a faster way as they would get more money. There were a lot of disadvantages also, For e.g.-Employees could’ve gotten only not motivated by money but by fringe benefits also.

› Abraham Maslow :-› He had made a table

of needs for the workers so that they feel satisfactory at work and even outlined the primary needs for a worker in a working environment.

Motivational Theories

› Herzberg :-› According to him,

Humans have 2 sets of needs; one is for the basic animal needs, which he called “Hygiene "factors or need and the second is for a human being to be able to grow psychologically, which he called “Motivational "needs or “Motivators

Motivational Theories

› Wages :-› A Wage is payment for work, usually paid weekly.

Types of Financial Rewards

Advantages Disadvantages

Worker will get paid on regular basis and will not have to wait for a long time for money.

As the wage are paid weekly, they have to be calculated every week, which takes time.

If an workers works more than the usually time, he will be paid an extra amount of money.

People have to be employed to keep track of the people getting the amount of wages every week.

› Time Rate :-› When workers are given money on the basis of the

time they work usually for a week.

Types of Financial Rewards

Advantages DisadvantagesThis makes it easy to calculate the amount of wages a worker should be given for working in a certain time period.

Good and bad workers will both be paid the same amount of money.

A time measuring system has to be put to see the number of hours a worker is working.

› Piece Rate :-› The amount of money given to a worker based on the

quantity of goods that are being produced by him.

Types of Financial Rewards

Advantage’s Disadvantage's It encourages a worker to work faster than usual.

The goods wont be produced perfectly as the worker has completed the work in hurry.

It encourages a worker to produce more goods.

If, machinery breaks down workers will be paid less.

› Fringe benefit are the non-financial rewards given to an employee.

› E.G.-Health Insurance And Free Trips To Abroad

Non-Financial Rewards (Fringe Benefits)

› Job Satisfaction is the enjoyment derived from feeling that you have done a good job.

› E.G.-Promotion opportunity And Working Conditions

Job Satisfaction

› Job Rotation involves workers swapping around and doing each specific task for only a limited time and then changing round again.

Job Rotation

› Job Enlargement is where extra tasks of similar level of work are added to a worker’s job description.

Job Enlargement

› Job Enrichment involves looking at jobs and adding tasks that require more skill and/or responsibility

Job Enrichment

› What Is Organisational Structure?› Organisational Structure refers to the levels of

management and division of responsibilities within an organisation.

Organisation And Management

› Chain Of Command is the structure in an organisation which allows instructions to be passed down from senior management to lower levels of management.

Chain Of Command

› The span of control is the number of subordinates working directly under a manager.

Span Of Control

› Planning :-› Planning for the future involves setting goals for a

business. These goals give the business a sense of direction and purpose. Now the whole business will have something to work towards. Managers also need to plan for resources which will be needed. These are only two strategies managers use to keep the business running.

Role Of Management

› Organising :-› A manager cannot do everything by himself. Therefore,

jobs must be delegated to employees. Employees need sufficient resources to complete their job, so managers need to organise people and resources effectively.

Role Of Management

› Co-Ordinating :-› Managers need to bring people together in a business

for it to succeed. This is called co-ordination. If different functional departments do not co-ordinate, they could be doing completely different things which does not follow any common plan. Managers could co-ordinate the departments by holding regular meetings or setting up a project team with different members from different departments.

Role Of Management

› Commanding :-› Commanding refers to guiding, leading and

guiding subordinates which is very important in any organisation. Managers need to make sure that all subordinates are following targets and deadlines. It is the responsibility of the manager to ensure that all tasks are completed and therefore instruction and guidance must be provided to employees so that they can do so.

Role Of Management

› Controlling :-› Controlling means evaluating the performance of

subordinates, so that corrective action can be carried out if the subordinates are not sticking to goals.

Role Of Management

› Delegation means giving a subordinate the authority to perform particular tasks.

Delegation

› What Is Styles Of Leadership :-› Leadership styles are the different approaches to

dealing with people when in a position of authority –autocratic, democratic or laissez-faire.

Styles Of Leadership

› Democratic leadership, also known as participative leadership, is a type of leadership style in which members of the group take a more participative role in the decision-making process.

Democratic Leadership

› Autocratic leadership, also known as authoritarian leadership, is a leadership style characterized by individual control over all decisions and little input from group members. Autocratic leaders typically make choices based on their own ideas and judgments and rarely accept advice from followers.

Autocratic Leadership

› Laissez-faire leadership, also known as delegative leadership, is a type of leadership style in which leaders are hands-off and allow group members to make the decisions.

Laissez-Faire Leadership

› Trade Unions are an organized association of workers in a trade, group of trades, or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.

Trade Unions

› Recruitment is process in which we hire people for a particular job in the company.

Recruitment, Selection And Training Of Workers

› Job Analysis :-› Job Analysis is a process to identify and determine in

detail the particular job duties and requirements and the relative importance of these duties for a given job.

The Recruitment Process

› Job Description :-› It outlines the responsibilities and duties to be carried

out by someone employed to do a specific job.

The Recruitment Process

› Job Specification :-› It is a document which outlines the requirements,

qualifications, expertise, physical characteristics, etc. for a specified job.

The Recruitment Process

› Internal Recruitment :-› Internal recruitment is when the business looks to

fill the vacancy from within its existing workforce

Types Of Recruitment

Advantages DisadvantagesCheaper and quicker to recruit. Limits the number of potential

applicants.

People already familiar with the business and how it operates.

No new ideas can be introduced from outside.

Business already knows the strengths and weaknesses of candidates.

Creates another vacancy which needs to be filled.

› External Recruitment :-› External recruitment is when the business looks to

fill the vacancy from any suitable applicant outside the business.

Types Of Recruitment

Advantages DisadvantagesOutside people bring in new ideas.

Longer process.

Larger pool of workers from which to find the best candidate.

More expensive process due to advertising and interviews required.

People have a wider range of experience.

Selection process may not be effective enough to reveal the best candidate.

› Full Time› Full Time employees will

usually work 35 hours or more a week.

› Part Time :-› Part time employment is

often considered to be between 1 and 30-35 hours a week.

Part Time And Full Time

› Induction Training :-› It is an introduction given to a new employee,

explaining the firms activities, customs and procedures and introducing them to their fellow workers.

Types Of Training

› Off The Job :-› It involves being trained

away from the workplace, usually by specialist trainers.

› On The Job :-› It occurs by watching a

more experienced worker doing the job.

Types Of Training

› Redundancy :-› It is when an employee

is no longer needed and so loses their job. It is not due to any aspect of their work being unsatisfactory.

› Workforce Planning :-› It is establishing the

workforce needed by the business for the foreseeable future in terms of the number and skills of employees required.

Downsizing Of Workforce

› The Message is the information or instructions being passed by the sender to the receiver.

› Communication is the transferring of a message from the sender to the receiver, who under stands the message.

Internal And External Communication

› External Communication :-› It is always between the

organisation and other organisations or individuals.

› Internal Communication :-

› It is always between members of the same organisation.

Internal And External Communication

› It is the method used to send a message through a medium by using a type of verbal communication.

Medium Of Communication

› It is the reply from the receiver which shows whether the message has arrived, been understood and necessary, and, acted upon.

Feedback

› Two-Way Communication :-

› It is when the receiver gives a response to the message and there is a discussion about it.

› One-Way Communication :-

› It involves a message which does not call for or require a response.

Ways Of Communication