| Date post: | 08-Apr-2017 |
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Environment |
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Perceived multifunctionality of agroforestry trees in
smallholder farming systems of Northern Ethiopia
A participatory case study of the perceived functions and associated personal values of trees in Northern Ethiopia’s agricultural landscape
Johannes Ernstberger – MSc student in Agroecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)[email protected] 2016-06-07
Johannes Ernstberger ([email protected])
Outline• Background to Ethiopia & Agroforestry• Means-End Chain theory• “Measuring” Multifunctionality• Multifunctional trees & the importance of multiple functions
02/05/2023 2
Environmental degradationLow economic outputFood insecurity
Introduction
Background• Multiple problems
-> Need a multifunctional solution!
Johannes Ernstberger ([email protected])02/05/2023 3
ssa
Agroforestry as a multifunctional solution?!
• But who plants or manages those trees?
Soil fertility (organic matter)
Clean air (carbon sequestration)
Wood products>
Food & Medicine
>
Shade>
Fodder >
N2-fixation>
Soil stabilization>
Agroforestry
Habitat for beneficial organisms
Introduction
Johannes Ernstberger ([email protected])02/05/2023 4
Source: Vi-Skogen, 2016
Research Questions• Which trees are prevalent?• Which functions do these trees
fill?• Why are these functions
important for households?
Aim
Johannes Ernstberger ([email protected])02/05/2023 5
Source: Author.
Methods• Case study in Tigray• 2 sites (sub-districts)• Semi-structured interviews• 55 household heads• 5 informants
Methods
Johannes Ernstberger ([email protected])02/05/2023 6
Source: GoogleMaps.
How to evaluate functions?M
ethods
• Multiple functions -> Multiple values?• Means-End Chain (MEC) framework• Origins in Marketing Research• Attributes• Consequences (Functions)• Personal values
Johannes Ernstberger ([email protected])02/05/2023 7
Independence
Inputs costs saving
Improve water holding capacity
Goat manure use
Value
Consequences / Functions
Attribute
Source: Adapted from Okello et al., 2014.
Agroforestry trees in the sites
Tree speciesNo. of HH (N=55)
No. of HH Site 1 (N=28)
No. of HH Site 2 (N=27)
Avg. no. of trees per HH
Eucalyptus spp. 46 28 18 285.36Faidherbia albida 38 28 10 22.09Acacia lahay 26 0 26 37.76Cordia Africana 26 4 22 4.77Croton macrostachyus 18 1 17 5.12Acacia etbaica 10 10 0 37.57Ziziphus mucronata 9 0 9 2.47Ficus thonningii 6 0 6 3.40Sesbania sesban & Leucena leucocephala 3 0 3 102.33
Results
Johannes Ernstberger ([email protected])02/05/2023 8
Most mentioned functions per HH across trees
Constructi
on (total)
Firewood
Sale (to
tal)
Fodder (t
otal)
Land improve
ment (total)
Fencin
gEating
Pos. shade (to
tal)Misc
Grace
Bee forage
0102030405060
Results
Johannes Ernstberger ([email protected])02/05/2023 9
Excerpt: F. Albida – Hierarchical Value Map
Results
Johannes Ernstberger ([email protected])02/05/2023 10
Pods
Palatable for all livestock
NutritiousLarge amount
Fodder
More livestockImproved growth
Cash
Education
Leaves
Sheds in summerNutritiousFast decomposing
Fertilizing
Replace mineral fertilizerImproved crop performance
More harvest
Less risk of shortage
Safety
Capital
Solving crisis
Better life
Cons
eque
nces
/ F
uncti
ons
Attrib
ute
sVa
lue
s
“So what?”• Multiple functions relate to multiple values
• Drawbacks MEC: What about basic needs?
• Farmers’ perspective: Which role does it play in the multifunctionality of landscapes?
Conclusion
Johannes Ernstberger ([email protected])02/05/2023 11
ReferencesVi-Skogen Agroforestry – så fungerar det [2016-06-06].Okello, J.J., Largerkvist, C.J., Ngigi, M.W. & Karanja, N. (2014). Means-End Chain Analysis Explains Soil Fertility Management Decisions by Peri-Urban Vegetable Growers in Kenya. International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, 12(2), pp. 183-199.
Johannes Ernstberger ([email protected])02/05/2023 12
