Ice-Snow workshop, Brno, CZ: 4-7.11.04

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Persistent Organic Persistent Organic Pollutants (POP) in Pollutants (POP) in

Bjørnøya snow, ice and Bjørnøya snow, ice and fogfog

Roland KallenbornNorwegian Institute for Air Research

(NILU), NO-2027 KjellerGuttorm Christensen, Dennis Gregor

Akvaplan-niva, NO-9296 Tromsø

Ice-Snow workshop, Brno, CZ: 4-7.11.04

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Alpine and Arctic regionsAlpine and Arctic regions

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Transport and depositionTransport and deposition

According to MacDonald R.W. Contaminants, global change and cold According to MacDonald R.W. Contaminants, global change and cold regions. In. Ørbæk J.B., Kallenborn R. & Tombre I.M. (Editors) regions. In. Ørbæk J.B., Kallenborn R. & Tombre I.M. (Editors) Environmental Challenges in Arctic-Alpine RegionsEnvironmental Challenges in Arctic-Alpine Regions, Springer Vlg. , Springer Vlg. In preparation. Exp. release spring 2005.In preparation. Exp. release spring 2005.

Ice-Snow workshop, Brno, CZ: 4-7.11.04

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Bjørnøya (Bear Island): Bjørnøya (Bear Island): a case studya case study

Bjørnøya radioBjørnøya radio

N

0 1 2 km

Contour interval 100 m

EllasjøenEllasjøen

ØyangenØyangen

Ice-Snow workshop, Brno, CZ: 4-7.11.04

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Bjørnøya: Sampling siteBjørnøya: Sampling site

Three dimensional plot of Bjørnøya (Bear island)

Lake Ellasjøen Meteorological station

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PCBs in the Bjørnøya PCBs in the Bjørnøya abiotic environmentabiotic environment

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

conc. [pg/L]

June-02 July-02 Sep-02

Sampling date

SUM 33 PCB in Ellasjøen lakewater

Sum Hepta

sum Hexa

Sum Penta

Sum Tetra

Sum Tri

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000Conc. [pg/L]

Sampling period

Sum 33 PCB in precipitation (rain + snow)

Sum Octa

Sum Hepta

Sum Hexa

Sum Penta

Sum Tetra

Sum Tri

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000Conc. [pg/L]

Sampling period

Sum 33 PCB in surface snow Sum Octa

Sum Hepta

Sum Hexa

Sum Penta

Sum Tetra

Sum Tri

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000

conc. [pg/L]

sampling period

Sum 33 PCB in fog water Sum Octa

Sum Hepta

Sum Hexa

Sum Penta

Sum Tetra

Sum Tri

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Contaminant pattern in Contaminant pattern in meltwater and snowmeltwater and snow

0 %10 %20 %30 %40 %50 %60 %70 %80 %90 %

100 %

DS 1 MW 1 MW 2 DS 4 MS 4

Meteorol. Station Ellasjøen

Percent SUM HCH Percent SUM PCB

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POPs in meltwaterSnowSnow

MeltwaterMeltwater

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PCB in meltwater

0

1

10

100

1000

10000

Conc. [pg/l]

21-2

3/4/

01

21-2

3/4/

01

23-

25/4

/01

23-

25/4

/01

23-2

5/4/

01

03-

30/5

/01

03-3

0/5/

01

Sampling period

Sum Hepta

Sum Hexa

Sum Penta

Sum Tetra

Sum Tri

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Conc. [pg/l]

21-2

3/4/

01

21-2

3/4/

01

23-

25/4

/01

23-

25/4

/01

23-2

5/4/

01

03-

30/5

/01

03-3

0/5/

01

Sampling period

Sum Hepta

Sum Hexa

Sum Penta

Sum Tetra

Sum Tri

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Chlorinated pesticides

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

conc. [pg/L]

Sample identity

Sum HCH in Fog

g-HCH

b-HCH

a-HCH

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Conc. [pg/L]

sample identity

DDT in fogp,p'-DDT

o,p'-DDT

p,p'-DDD

o,p'-DDD

p,p'-DDE

o.p'-DDE

0

1

10

100

1000

Conc. [pg/L]

sample identity

DDT in fog

p,p'-DDT

o,p'-DDT

p,p'-DDD

o,p'-DDD

p,p'-DDE

o.p'-DDE

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

Conc. [pg/l]

01-0

002

-00

03-0

004

-00

05-0

006

-00

01-0

201

-02

01-0

302

-03

03-0

304

-03

04-0

306

-03

07-0

308

-03

09-0

310

-03

11-0

312

-03

13-0

3

sample identity

Sum HCH in precipitation g-HCH

b-HCH

a-HCH

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900

1000

Conc. [pg/L]

sample identity

DDT in precipitationp,p'-DDT

o,p'-DDT

p,p'-DDD

o,p'-DDD

p,p'-DDE

o.p'-DDE

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

conc. [pg/L]

01-02 02-02

sample identity

HCH in surface snow g-HCH

b-HCH

a-HCH

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Conc. [pg/L]

01-02 02-02

sample identity

DDT in surface snow p,p'-DDT

o,p'-DDT

p,p'-DDD

o,p'-DDD

p,p'-DDE

o.p'-DDE

1

10

100

1000

Conc. [pg/L]

01-02 02-02

sample identity

DDT in surface snow p,p'-DDT

o,p'-DDT

p,p'-DDD

o,p'-DDD

p,p'-DDE

o.p'-DDE

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Conclusions

Bjørnøya is a ”hot spot” region for POP contamination in the Arctic.

Levels of POPs in the abiotic environment in Bjørnøya are considerable.

The POP patterns in snow,precipitation and fog are characterised by a surprisingly high variability.

Lakewater samples are contaminated but the POP patterns are relatively stable.

Fog and snow/rain precipitation play play a major role in the deposition process for POPs on Bjørnøya

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AknowledgementThe help and support of many colleagues is highly appreciated:

The Norwegian CoastNorwegian Coast guard supported us with transport of equipment and research scientists.The crew of the meteorological stationcrew of the meteorological station at Bjørnøya help with infrastructure and sample collection.The Research Council of NorwayResearch Council of Norway and the State State pollution control Authoritiespollution control Authorities supported the Project economically.Anita EvensetAnita Evenset (Akvaplan-niva) helped during the field campaign, Dorte Herzke and Urs BergerDorte Herzke and Urs Berger (NILU) have performed a part of the anaytical work. Martin SchlabachMartin Schlabach (NILU) helped during the analytical work.