Pest Control in Strawberry with IRF135, Pic and Metham K

Steve Fennimore, Extension Specialist U.C. Davis, at Salinas, CA

UCCE Ventura April 23, 2015

Collaborators Tom Miller

Krishna Subbarao

Rachael Goodhue

Oleg Daugovish

Frank Martin

Jim Gerik

Cheryl Wilen

Nathan Dorn, Reiter Affiliated Cos.

Ian Greene, Ramco Norcal

Jenny Broome, DSA

Mike Stangellini, TriCal

Husein Ajwa

3

Financial support

USDA NIFA Methyl Bromide Transitions 2013 -51102-21524

California Strawberry Commission Support from Reiter Affiliated Companies,

Driscoll’s, NorCal Ramco, AMVAC, Isagro A special thanks to TriCal Inc. & Ajwa Inc. for

fumigant application Thanks to growers Jose Garcia & Miguel

Ramos

Introduction Dominus– product description Dominus alone and tank mixes – product

description & trial results Metam K (K-Pam) tank mixes - trial results Summary

Dominus = IRF135 = AITCProduct Overview (from Isagro)

Allyl Isothiocyanate (AITC) is a synthetically produced biopesticide with its origins in a naturally occurring plant defense chemical from the plant family, brassicaceae

Testing since 2009 – University, USDA, Contract, and Grower Demo’s

Broad-spectrum activity– Efficacy against

» Weeds, nematodes, soil fungi and insects– Classified by US EPA and CA DPR as a Fumigant

» Vapor pressure + Bp + Henry’s Constant = “Passive Fumigant”» AITC is a naturally occurring plant defense compound provided by

ISAGRO USA in a consistent synthetic formulation

Physical/Chemical Characteristics of AITC– Flashpoint is 117°F (47°C)– Boiling point is 304°F (151°C)– Vapors are 3.4 times heavier than air– Does not make its own pressure (The only

pressure in the cylinders is nitrogen pressure)

Dominus

Dominus Details – (from Isagro)

All crops labelled (not yet in California) Entry restricted period = 5 days Acres allowed per day = unlimited Tarp cutting / puncture = 5 days Aeration = 2 – 24 hrs Planting interval = 10 days after application Buffer zone distance 0-25’ all rates, application methods and

acres applied FMP’s = not required Biopesticide status Not yet registered in California

US EPA Label Comparison

Product All Crop

Buffer Zone

Applic. Uses

Restricted Use Pesticide

Restricted Entry Interval

Film Type

Acres per Day

ApplicPer year

FMP

                   

DOMINUS

YES 0 –25’ FF, RBS, RBD

NO 5 DAYS ALL NO LIMIT

> 1 NO

                   

Standard-CP, MB, 1,3-D

NO 25 – 300+’

FF, RBS, RBD

YES 5 DAYS VIF, TIF

40 1 YES

FF = Flat Fume/Broadcast; RBS = Raised Bed ShankRBD = Raised Bed Drip

Strawberry Trial Schedule Lab

Lab weed dose response Jan. 2014 Strawberry field

Salinas October 2013 Salinas October 2014 (2 trials)Watsonville October 2012, 2013, 2014

Weed Viability - Lab Dominus dose response study

Annual bluegrassSweet clover PigweedSowthistleYellow nutsedge

Dominus (IRF135) doses of 0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150, 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1250, 2500 PPM

Propagules were exposed 24 h, 50 seed per replicate, 4 replicates per treatment, January 21, 2014

Weed Viability - Lab

0 10 100 1,000 lbs

BluegrassSowthistle

Yellow nutsedge

PigweedClover

Dominus (IRF135) evaluation in strawberry Treatments 2012-13

ControlPic Clor 60 350 lb/AIRF135 170 lb/AIRF135 225 lbs/AIRF135 340 lbs/A

4 replicates per treatment, Oct. 25, 2012 Weed seed bioassay, local field weeds

Nutsedge viability – IRF135

Control Pic Clor 60 IRF135 170 IRF135 225 IRF135 3400

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

Nutsedge

Via

ble

%

A C AB BC C

Ramos 2012-13

Chickweed viability – IRF135

Control Pic Clor 60 IRF135 170 IRF135 225 IRF135 3400

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

Chickweed

Via

ble

%

A C B C C

Ramos 2012-13

Purslane viability – IRF135

Control Pic Clor 60 IRF135 170 IRF135 225 IRF135 3400

102030405060708090

100

Purslane

Via

ble

%

A B B B B

Ramos 2012-13

Field Weed Control – IRF135

Control Pic Clor 60 IRF135 170 IRF135 225 IRF135 3400

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

Weed densities

Nu

mb

er /

A

A B B B B

Ramos 2012-13

0100200300400500600700800900

1000

UTC PicClor 60350 lbs/ac

IRF-35170 lbs/ac

IRF-35225 lbs/ac

IRF-35340 lbs/ac

Yiel

d (g

/pla

nt)

Treatment

Early Season Yield from Clear Plastic at Watsonville, CA

* Standard PE Film

*

Late season collapse, Watsonville, CA - 2013

UTC

PicClor-60350 lbs/ac

Dominus360 lbs/ac

Dominus225 lbs/ac

Dominus (IRF135) evaluation in strawberry Treatments 2013-14

ControlPic Clor 60 350 lb/AIRF135 340 lb/AIRF + Pic 180 + 90 lbs/A (67:33)IRF + Pic 240 + 120 lbs/A (67:33)

4 replicates per treatment, Nov 11, 2013 Weed seed bioassay, local weeds

Nutsedge viability – IRF135

Control Pic Clor 60 IRF135 IRF135.Pic.lo IRF135.Pic.hi0

102030405060708090

100

Nutsedge

Via

ble

%

A C BC B C

Ramos 2013-14

Weed densities– IRF135

Control Pic Clor 60 IRF135 IRF135.Pic.lo IRF135.Pic.hi0

20406080

100120140160180200

Weeds 1000/A

Nu

mb

er 1

000/

A

A B B B B

Ramos 2013-14

Untreated control

160 lbs Dominus+

80 lbs chloropicrin

240 lbs Dominus+

120 lbs chloropicrin

Watsonville, 2014

Dominus (IRF135) K-Pam evaluation in strawberry

Treatments 2014-15 – Drip appliedControlK-Pam 31 & 62 GPADominus 20 & 40 GPAPic Clor 60 20 GPAPic Clor 60 fb K-Pam 20 fb 31 GPAPic Clor 60 fb Dominus 20 fb 20 GPAK-Pam fb Dominus 31 fb 20 GPA

4 replicates per treatment, Oct 11 & 15, 2014 Weed seed bioassay, local weeds,

nematodes, pythium, verticillium

Pythium Control - bioassays

Control KP 31 KP 62 Dm 20 Dm 40 PC 20/KP

31

PC 20/Dm

20

KP 31/Dm

20

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Pythium parts per gram of soil

9 in18 in

No

. S

po

res/

gra

m s

oil

Frank Martin 2015

Dom 20 Dom 40 K-P31/Dom20 K-Pam 31 K-Pam 62 Pic20/Dom20Pic20/K-P31 Untreated0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

Average of weeds [cnt] /sqft Average of biomass [g] /sqft

cou

nts

per

sq

ft

g b

iom

ass

per

sq

ft

Weeds per sqft and biomass per sqft

Dominus @ 20

Dominus @ 40

KP31 fb Dom20

K-Pam @ 31 K-Pam @ 62 Pic20 fb Dom20

Pic20 fb KP31 UTC0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

9" 18"

Cit

rus

Nem

ato

de

/ 50

cc s

oil

Survival of Citrus Nematodes in 9” and 18”

Dominu

s @

20

Dominu

s @

40

KP31 fb

Dom

20

K-Pam

@ 3

1

K-Pam

@ 6

2

Pic20

fb D

om20

Pic20

fb K

P31UTC

0

20

40

60

80

Average of % Burning Nettle Average of % KnotweedAverage of % Purslane Average of % Yellow Nutsedge

No

.ger

min

ated

see

ds

Germination of selected weed seed samples

Dom 20 Dom 40 K-P31/Dom20 K-Pam 31 K-Pam 62 Pic20/Dom20 Pic20/K-P31 Untreated0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Average of South Average of North

Per

imte

r in

inch

es

Plant Perimeters (March 2015)

SummaryDominus (IRF-135)

No phytotoxicity or plant injury was observed when planting 10 days after fumigation.

360 lbs/ac of Dominus/Chloropicrin (67/33) is required to produce the highest strawberry yields in heavily-infested soils.

Weed control with Dominus, Dominus+Pic good if rate >350 lbs/A

SummaryDominus (IRF-135) part 2

Dominus controls citrus nematode

Dominus missed some Pythium

Dominus does appear to have good nutsedge activity at high rates