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Pesticide Residue Testing
Pesticide Residue Testing
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Table of Contents
Introduction Page 3
What Are Pesticide Residues Page 4
Codex Commodity Groups Page 5
Group I.Group II.Group III.Group IV.Group V.Group VIProducts of Animal Origin
Pesticide Residue Analysis Page 6
HomogenisationThe Testing ProcessCompounds Reported
Working With Eurofins Page 7
Contact Details Page 8
Cover photo: Export quality apple
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Introduction
Eurofins is New Zealand’s leading laboratory network inthe areas of Food, Water and Environmental testing andsampling services. We have been providing these servicesin New Zealand for over 20 years.
Eurofins Scientific is the world leader in the fields of food testing andenvironmental laboratory services. It is also number one in the world inpharmaceutical products testing and one of the global market leaders inagroscience, genomics, pharmaceutical discovery and central laboratoryservices.
We understand that New Zealand food companies pride themselves inproducing good quality, high grade items for consumption in both thedomestic and export markets. Our aim is to work with you in providingpremium quality testing support services for your quality control requirementsand brand protection needs.
We have strategically positioned laboratory facilities in Auckland, the Bay ofPlenty, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin, offering a full scope ofsampling and testing services whilst ensuring that samples from around NewZealand are processed into the laboratory as fast as possible.
Areas that we specialise in are as follows:
Food and Feed Testing Agricultural Testing Agroscience Services
Food Safety andAuditing Environment Testing Pharma Development
Fruit Quality Services Contaminated Land Consumer ProductTesting
Who should read this brochure?
This brochure has been prepared for allfood manufacturers, wholesalers, retailersand exporters who require pesticideresidue testing.
As one of New Zealand's leadinglaboratories we are able to perform testsfor an extensive range of residuecompounds to meet local and exportcompliance requirements.
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What Are Pesticide Residues
Pesticides are chemicals used in agriculture to protect crops against insects,fungi, weeds and other pests. In addition to their use in agriculture, pesticidesare also used to protect public health in controlling the vectors of tropicaldiseases, such as mosquitoes.
But pesticides are also potentially toxic to humans. They may induce adversehealth effects including cancer, effects on reproduction, immune or nervoussystems. Before they can be authorized for use, pesticides should be testedfor all possible health effects and the results should be analysed by experts toassess any risks to humans.
'Pesticide' is a general term used for substances which are applied to poisonpests (weeds, insects, moulds, rodents, etc.). The pesticides most acutelydangerous to man are insecticides and rodenticides, although by weight,herbicides are the most widely used type of pesticide – about 80% of allcompounds used are herbicides. Not every pesticide is acutely toxic tohumans or to other non-target species.
Pesticides are applied to crops often by ground or aerial spraying or otherground application methods and are most prevalent in agricultural areas.Pesticides are also used on golf courses, forested areas, along roadsides,and in suburban and urban landscape areas.
Pesticide residue refers to the pesticides that may remain on or in food afterpesticide formulations are applied to food crops. The levels of these residuesin foods are often stipulated by regulatory bodies in many countries.
New Zealand Ministry for Primary Industries (MPI), Codex, and otherRegulatory Body’s Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs) are based on GoodAgricultural Practice data and foods derived from commodities that complywith the respective Codex, or other Regulatory Body, MRLsare intended to be toxicologically acceptable.
Codex, and other Regulatory Body MRLs for a plant ordairy product takes into account the maximum levelexpected to occur in a composite sample, which has beenderived from multiple units of the treated product and whichis intended to represent the average residue level in a lot.
In consequence, MRLs for plant products and dairyproducts apply to a composite bulk sample derived from 1-10 primary samples or on a minimum sample size.
Pesticides are substances that are meant to controlpests or weeds. The term pesticide includes all of the
following: herbicide, insecticide, insect growth regulator,nematicide, termiticide, molluscicide, piscicide, avicide,
rodenticide, predacide, bactericide, insect repellent,animal repellent, antimicrobial, fungicide, disinfectant
(antimicrobial), and sanitizer.
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Codex Commodity Groups
The analytical testing of food products is defined byinternational convention, published in a documentcalled the Codex Alimentarius. This is published bythe Food and Agriculture Organisation of the UnitedNations World Health Organisation.
This document defines the different matrices thatfood types falls into and also details the procedures that laboratories arerequired to follow in order to accurately test and report pesticides residues inthose foods.
This 183 page document has been summarised in the table below whichrepresents the food matrices that Eurofins is able to test.
CodexCommodity
GroupCommonProperties Commodity Class Representative Species
I.High water andchlorophyllcontent
Leafy vegetablesBrassica leafy vegetablesLegume vegetables
Spinach, lettuce, broccoli,cabbage, kale, parsley, greenbeans
II.
High water andlow or nochlorophyllcontent
Pome fruitsStone fruitsBerriesSmall fruitsFruiting vegetablesRoot vegetables
Apple, pearPeach, cherryStrawberryGrapeTomato, bell pepper, melonMushroom, potato, carrot
III. High acidcontent Citrus fruits Lemon, orange, kiwifruit
IV. High sugarcontent Dried or processed fruit Raisins, dates, fruit jams, fruit
juices
V. High oil or fat Oil seedsAvocado, sunflower seeds,olives, walnut, pecan nut,pistachios
VI. Dry materials CerealsCereal products
Wheat flour, rice, maize,grains, wheat flour, wheat bran
Products ofAnimalOrigin
Dairy origin MilkProcessed Milk
Whole milk, skimmed milk,WMP, SMP, butter milk, butter,cheese, infant formula, WPC
Representative species are given for guidance and for exampleonly, therefore other species, fitting into the commodity class,can be prepared by this bench method, at the discretion of theresponsible Key Technical Person. For example, brusselsprouts are not cited as an example but would fit into commodityclass I, similarly limes would fit into commodity class III.
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Pesticide Residue Analysis
The analysis of pesticide residues requires two distinct laboratory processes.Representative samples must be collected from the bulk lot of the food and aminimum sample size sent to the laboratory.
HomogenisationOnce at the laboratory the sample is homogenised through several processesof blending. Usually this requires a standardised portion of the product to bechopped up and coarsely blended before being blended again a second timeuntil it is a uniform pulp.
What makes up the sample is clearly defined by standard procedures, andthese procedures are included in the laboratory sample preparationprocedures. These procedures clarify what part of the food product getsincluded in the test sample.
For example*: Does an olive pip get included in the test process?Does the skin of an orange get included?
The Testing ProcessThe test sample is then treated in the laboratory with a range of solventswhich extract all the pesticide residue compounds.
Compounds ReportedThere are thousands of pesticide compounds that have been used at varioustimes around the world, but not all are tested for routinely by laboratories.Most laboratories run test-lists of several hundred compounds analysed withthe two different instruments shown below.
Even though the laboratory test list may contain a compound, it may not workwith all matrices or it may not be reported at the standard detection limit. Thereason for this is because the makeup of the sample can affect thecompounds: high acid samples can destroy some of the compounds; high fator sugar content samples can cause interference during instrumental analysis.
The Eurofins compound list is developed from consultation with our overseaslaboratories and includes compounds of concern for many of our tradingpartners. Each of the test-lists we report is specifically targeted to the Codexmatrix. The standard reporting detection limit is 0.01mg/Kg.
Shimadzu LC-MSMS Shimadzu GC-MSMS
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GC-MSMS pesticide residue screen.
The following 316 compounds can be analysed by our GC-MSMS screen.Compounds marked with an * can be analysed by both GC-MSMS and LC-MSMS.
(EZ)-Chlorfenvinphos (EZ)-Pyrifenox 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid 2,4'-Dichlorobenzophenone2,6-Dichlorobenzamide 2-4-D-Methylester 2-Phenylphenol 3,4,5-Trimethacarb*
4,4'-Bromobenzophenone 4,4'-Dichlorobenzophenone Acephate* Acetamiprid
Acetochlor Acibenzolar-s-methyl Aclonifen AcrinathrinAlachlor* Aldrin Allethrin-1,2 Allethrin-3,4 (Bioallethrin)alpha-BHC alpha-Endosulfan Ametryn AnthraquinoneAtrazine* Atrazine-desisopropyl* Azaconazole* Azinphos-ethylAzoxystrobin* Benalaxyl Benfluralin BenoxacorBentazone beta-BHC beta-Endosulfan BifenoxBifenthrin Biphenyl Bitertanol-1 and 2 Boscalid*Bromacil Bromocyclen Bromophos Bromophos-ethylBromopropylate Bromuconazole-2 Butachlor ButafenacilCadusafos Captan Carbophenothion-ethyl CarboxinCarfentrazone-ethyl Carpropamid* Chlofenvinphos ChlomazoneChlorantraniliprole Chlorfenapyr Chlorfenson ChlorfluazuronChloridazon Chlorobenzilate Chloroneb ChloropropylateChlorothalonil Chlorpropham Chlorpyrifos Chlorpyrifos-methylChlorthal-dimethyl Chlorthalonil Chlorthion cis-Chlordane (alpha)cis-metaconazole Clethodim Clodinafop-propargyl CyanazineCyanophos Cyazofamid Cyflufenamid Cyfluthrin-1,2,3,4Cypermethrin-1 Cyprazine Cyproconazole Cyprodinil*
delta-BHC Deltamethrin-1(Tralomethrin deg.-1) Desethylatrazine Desethylterbuthylazine
Desmetryn Diazinon* Dichlobenil DichlofluanidDichloran Dichlorprop-p (2,4-DP) Dichlorvos DiclobutrazolDicofol deg. (DCBP) Dieldrin Difenoconazole-1 Difenoconazole-2
Diflubenzuron Diflufenican* Dimethenamid(Dimethenamid-P) Dimoxystrobin
Dinoseb Dioxacarb* Diphenylamine* DipropetrynDisulfoton DMSA DMST EdifenphosEndosulfan sulfate Endrin EPN epsilon-HCHEtaconazole I and II Ethion* Ethofumesate EthoprophosEthoxyquin Etoxazole* Etridiazole EtrimfosFamphos Fenamidone* Fenarimol Fenazox*
Fenchlorphos Fenfluthrin Fenitrothion Fenoxaprop-ethyl(Fenoxaprop-P-ethyl)
Fenoxycarb Fenpiclonil Fenpropathrin FenpropidinFenson Fensulfothion Fenthion* Fenvalerate-1Fipronil Fipronil Sulfone Flamprop-methyl FlonicamidFluazifop-P-butyl* Fluazinam Fluazolate FluchloralinFlucythrinate-1 Fludioxonil Flumetralin FlumioxazinFluotrimazol Fluquinconazole Flurenol-butyl FlutolanilFlutriafol* Folpet Fonofos FormentateFormothion Furalaxyl gamma-BHC (Lindane) HalfenproxHaloxyfop-methyl ester Heptachlor Heptachlor-endo-epoxide Heptachlor-exo-epoxideHexachlorobenzene Hexaconazole Hexazinone* HexythiazoxImazalil Imazapyr Iprobenfos Iprodione*Isocarbophos Isodrin Isofenphos* Isofenphos-methyl
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Isoprothiolane* Isoxadifen-ethyl Isoxathion Jodfenphoslambda-Cyhalothrin Lenacil* Leptophos LufenuronMalaoxon* Malathion* Mandipropamid Menfenpyr-diethylMepronil Mercarbam Metalaxyl (Mefenoxam) MetazachlorMethacrifos Methidathion Methoprotryn Methoxychlor
Methoxyfenozide Metolachlor (S-Metolachlor) Metrafenone Metribuzin*
Mevinphos-1 and 2 Mirex Monalide MonocrotophosMyclobutanil Napropamide Nitralin NitrapyrinNitrofen Nitrothal-isopropyl Norflurazon o,p'-DDDo,p'-DDE o,p'-DDT o,p-Dicofol Ofurace*Omethoate Oxadiazon Oxadixyl OxamylOxyfluorfen p,p'-DDD p,p'-DDE p,p'-DDTp,p-Dicofol Paclobutrazol* Paraoxon-methyl* ParathionParathion-ethyl d10 Parathion-methyl Pebulate* PenconazolePencycuron Pentachloroaniline Pentachloroanisole PentanochlorPermethrin-1 Perthan Phenthoate* Phorate*Phosalone Phosmet Phosphamidon-1 and 2 PhthalimidePicolinafen Picoxystrobin Piperonyl butoxide Pirimiphos-methylPirimophos-ethyl Procymidone Profenofos* ProfluralinPrometryn Propachlor Propamocarb PropanilPropazine Propentamphos Propiconazole PropyzamideProthiofos Pymetrazin Pyrazophos PyridalylPyridaphenthion Pyrimethanil* Quinalphos Quinoxyfen
Quintozene Quizalofop-ethyl(Quizalofop-P-ethyl) Secbumenton Simazine*
Spirodiclofen Spiromesifen Spirotetramat-cis-keto-hydroxy Spiroxamine
tau-Fluvalinate-2 Tebufenozide Tebufenpyrad* TecnazeneTepraloxydim Terbacil Terbucarb* Terbufos*Terbuthylazine Terbutryn Terfluthrin TetrachlorvinphosTetradifon Tetramethrin-1 Tetrasul ThiaclopridThiobencarb THPI Tolylfluanid trans-ChlordaneTransfluthrin Triadimefon Triadimenol-1 Triadimenol-2Tri-allate Triazophos* Trichlornate TridiphaneTrifloxystrobin* Triflumizole Trifluralin Trinexapac-ethyl*
Triphenylmethane Triticonazole Uniconazole(Uniconazole-P) Vinclozolin
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LC-MSMS pesticide residue screen.
The following 235 compounds can be analysed by our LC-MSMS screen.Compounds marked with an * can be analysed by both LC-MSMS and GC-MSMS.
2-Hydroxy-propoxycarbazone 3,4,5-Trimethacarb* 3-Hydroxycarbofuran Acephate*
Alachlor* Alanycarb Aldicarb Aldicarb-sulfoneAldicarb-sulfoxide Amdro Ametoctradin AminocarbAmisulbrom Atrazine* Atrazine-desisopropyl* Azaconazole*Azinphos-methyl Azoxystrobin* Bendiocarb BenfuresateBenodanil Bensulide Benthiavalicarb-isopropyl Benzethonium chlorideBenzyldimethyldodecylammonium chloride
Benzyldimethylhexadecylammonium chloride
Benzyldimethylstearylammonium chloride Bioresmethrin
Boscalid* Bromuconazole-trans BTS 27271 BupirimateBuprofezin Butocarboxim-sulfoxide Butylate BYI08330 enol-glucosideBYI08330 mono-hydroxy Carbaryl Carbendazim CarbetamideCarbofuran Carbosulfan Carpropamid* ChlorbromuronChlorpyrifos-ethyl Chromafenozide Cinidon-ethyl cis-BromuconazoleClethodim Climbazole Clofentezine ClomepropClothianidin Coumaphos Crimidine CyanofenphosCyantraniliprole Cyazofamide Cycloxydim CyflumetofenCymoxanil Cyphenothrin Cyprodinil* DazometDementon-S-methyl-sulfon Demeton-S-methyl Desmethyl-pirimicarb Diazinon*Dichlofenthion Dicrotophos Diethofencarb DifenoxuronDiflufenican* Dimefuron Dimepiperate Dimethachlor
Dimethipin Dimethoate Dimethomorph Dimethyldioctylammoniumbromide
Dimetilan Dimoxysrobin Diniconazole DinotefuranDioxacarb* Diphenamide Diphenylamine* Emamectin benzoateEpoxiconazole EPTC Ethiofencarb Ethiofencarb-sulfonEthion* Ethofenprox Ethychlozate EtobenzanidEtoxazole* Fenamidone* Fenamiphos Fenamiphos-sulfoneFenamiphos-sulfoxide Fenazaquin Fenazox* FenbuconazolFenobucarb Fenoxon Fenpropimorph FenpyrazamineFenpyroximate Fensulfothion Fenthion* Fluazifop-P-butyl*Flufenacet Flufenoxuron Fluopicolide Fluopyram (AE C656948)Fluoxastrobin Flupyradifurone Flurathiocarb FlurtamoneFlusilazole Fluthiacet-methyl Flutriafol* FluxapyroxadFosthiazate Fuberidazole Hexazinone* ImidaclopridImidacloprid-olefin Indoxacarb Iprodione* IprovalicarbIsazofos Isofenphos* Isoprocarb Isoprothiolane*Isoproturon Isouron Isoxaflutole Kresoxim-methylLenacil* Linuron Malaoxon* Malathion*Mepanipyrim Mesotrione Metalaxyl MethabenzthiazuronMethamidophos Methiocarb Methomyl MetolcarbMetosulam Metribuzin* N6-Benzyladenine NeburonNicosulfuron Ofurace* Orysastrobin Oxamyl-oximeOxfendazole Oxycarboxine Paclobutrazol* ParaoxonParaoxon-methyl* Pebulate* Pendimethalin PenoxsulamPenthiopyrad Pethoxamid Phenmedipham PhenothrinPhenthoate* Phorate* Phorat-sulfone PhosphamidonPhoxim Picaridin Pinoxaden PirimicarbProchloraz Profenofos* Prohexadione Promecarb
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Prometon Propaquizafop Propham PropoxurProsulfocarb Pyraclostrobin Pyrazoxyfen PyridabenPyrifluquinazon Pyrimethanil* Pyrimidifen PyriproxyfenPyroxsulam Resmethrin Rotenone Salflufenacil hydrochloridSimazine* Simeconazole Simetryn SpinetoramSpinosad Sulfotep Sulprofos-sulphoxide TebuconazoleTebufenpyrad* Terbucarb* Terbufos* Terbufos-sulfoneTerbumeton Terbutylazine Tetraconazole ThiamethoxamThiodicarb Thiofanox Thiofanox-sulfone Thoofanox-sulfoxideTolclofos-methyl Tolfenpyrad Triadimenol TriasulfuronTriazophos* Tricyclazole Tridemorph Trifloxystrobin*Triflumuron Trinexapac-ethyl* Vamidothion Vamidothion-sulfoneVamidothion-sulfoxide XMC Zoxamide
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Working with Eurofins
The process of collecting, homogenising, testing and reporting pesticideresidues in food products begins at source and with the initial samplingprocess. This process needs to be correct in order to obtain a representativesample.
Please contact us prior to sample collection to discuss the logistics of thesamples and to get a quote for the testing. This discussion will include theminimum sample size and sample delivery timeframes.
We will also discuss the pesticide residue compounds that you require so thatwe provide you with the analytical test information that meets your needs.
Contact details can be found on the last page.
Some interesting facts
In a good yearNew Zealand
can export over4 billion kiwifruit
Organic Farmers usepesticides such as rotenone
and pyrethrin.
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Contact DetailsSite Department Email Phone
Auckland
Food [email protected] (09) 579-2669
Water [email protected] (021) 242-2711
Soil and Agri [email protected] (09) 579-2669
Auditing [email protected] (09) 526-4535
Contaminated Land [email protected] (09) 579-2669(Ext 707)
Bay of Plenty Fruit Quality [email protected] (07) 549-1044
Hawkes Bay Agroscience FieldServices [email protected] (06) 877-7017
Hamilton Agroscience Testing [email protected] (07) 849-5109
WellingtonFood and Water [email protected] (04) 576-5016
Contaminated Land [email protected] (09) 579-2669(Ext 707)
Christchurch
Food [email protected] (03) 343-5227
Water [email protected] (021) 242-2742
Contaminated Land [email protected] (03) 343-5227(Ext 759)
Dunedin Food and Water [email protected] (03) 972-7963
Email can be directed to staff using "first name last name"@eurofins.com
Courier
Auckland: 35 O’Rorke Road, Penrose, Auckland 1061Bay of Plenty: 137 Tetley Road, Katikati, 3178Wellington: 85 Port Road, Seaview, Lower Hutt, New Zealand 5010Hamilton: 12-14 Pukete Road, Te Rapa, Hamilton, 3240Christchurch: 43 Detroit Drive, Rolleston 7675Dunedin: 16 Lorne Street, South Dunedin, 9012
WEB
www.eurofins.co.nz
* Answers: An olive pip would not betested but the orange skin would.
Pesticide Residue Testing: Version 3
