PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

SUBMITTED BY-SOMYA GUPTA

SUBMITTED TO-AR.RITIKA SINGH

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

INTRODUCTIONThe Petronas Towers, also known as the Petronas Twin Towers (Menara Petronas, or Menara Berkembar Petronas), are twin skyscrapers in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. According to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat (CTBUH)'s official definition and ranking, they were the tallest buildings in the world from 1998 to 2004 and remain the tallest twin towers in the world. The buildings are a landmark of Kuala Lumpur, along with nearby Kuala Lumpur Tower.

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

INTRODUCTION FLOOR AREA : 395000 m sq MATERIAL : Concrete , steel ARCHITECT : Cesar pelli STRUCTURAL ENGINEER : Thornton thormaseti CONTRACTORS : TOWER 1 : Hazama

corporation TOWER 2 : Samsung engg.& Co.HEIGHT OF EACH TOWERS : 452 M above

street levelLIFTS : 29 double-decker high-speed

passenger lifts in each towerCar park : 5,400 parking bays on 5 levels of

basement parking

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

INTRODUCTION FLOOR AREA : 395000 m sq MATERIAL : Concrete , steel ARCHITECT : Cesar pelli STRUCTURAL ENGINEER : Thornton thormaseti CONTRACTORS : TOWER 1 : Hazama

corporation TOWER 2 : Samsung engg.& Co.HEIGHT OF EACH TOWERS : 452 M above

street levelLIFTS : 29 double-decker high-speed

passenger lifts in each towerCar park : 5,400 parking bays on 5 levels of

basement parking

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

CASE STUDY

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

About architectCESAR PELLI

Born October 12, 1926 (age 89)San Miguel de Tucuman,Argentina

Nationality Argentine AmericanOccupation ArchitectAwards Doctor of Arts, CTBUH Skyscraper Award, The

Lynn S. Beedle Lifetime Achievement Award

Buildings Petronas Towers( Malaysia)Cira Centre, Philadelphia, PA30_Hudson_Street,New_JerseyCanada Square, London,United Kingdom

Design Metallic, art deco-influenced buildings

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

BUILDINGS by cesar pelli

ONE CANADA SQUARE(LONDON)

CAJASOL TOWER(SPAIN)

Cira centre(Philadelphia)

30 Hudson street(new jersy)

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

TOWER BUILDING- Two separate construction teams -> competition- First to use GPS (Global Positioning Satellite)- Built by concrete instead of conventional steel - 1000 people worked on each tower (3 shifts)- Floors up to 73rd Identical & easiest- 4 days to built each floor (Normal – 10 days)

TOWER 1• Led by Japan Hazama Corporation• Started on March 1994 (25 months & 1 week)

TOWER 2• Led by Korea Samsung Engineering Co.• Started on April 1994 (24 months)

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

FOUNDATIONThe geotechnical survey discovered that the actual construction site was situated partially over decayed limestone deposition and rest over soft rock.The whole foundation was rested on 104 piles.To reach safe bed rock the piles were extended to depth ranging from (200-374) feet. To reach this depth, PETRONAS Tower became the structure having the deepest seated foundation of the world.

The piles were embedded by thick raft. This raft was 15 feet in depth and it requires enormous amount of concrete to cast it.

This is about 4470,000 cubic feet which was the largest continuously poured concrete until 2007. This huge quantity of concreting for each tower required 54 hours to pour.

The foundation construction took 12 month to complete and construction work was awarded to Bachy Soletanche

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

Design conceptThe towers evoke traditional motifs of Islamic art, honoring the Malaysian Muslim heritage, combined with innovative technology. Represent a change in the style of skyscrapers built in Kuala Lumpur, closer to traditional international style. Pelli used an Islamic geometric design in its plant, by interlacing two squares of gradually decreasing size at the top, which is based on a traditional motif in Islamic culture, a star of 12 peaks including a circle at each intersection. At the suggestion of Prime Minister Datuk Seri Dr Mahathir Mohamad and Islamic symbolism, was changed to a plant with eight-pointed star. These geometric figures have been described by architects as symbolizing unity, harmony, stability and rationality - all important principles of Islam.ds

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

structureStructure is the most important element to ensure the strength and the stability of a building. Without a strong structure, the buildings is not safe to be occupied.These pictures show the cross section of the tower.The cross section shows TWO squares interlocking to each other to form an eight-point star shape, which is the most common shape design in Islamic design.

These pictures is taken from: Pelli, C. and Crosbie, M.J. Petronas Towers: The architechture of high construction. Wiley Academy.

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

structureGeometry is used as the main concept of the design of Petronas Twin Towers.

This design means:-

Unity (Perpaduan)Harmony (Harmoni)Stability (Stabil)Rationality (Rasional)

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

structureGeometry is used as the main concept of the design of Petronas Twin Towers.

This design means:-

Unity (Perpaduan)Harmony (Harmoni)Stability (Stabil)Rationality (Rasional)

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

structureThe roof uses a lot of triangular shape

structure to give a better support to the building.

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

SKYBRIDGE DOUBLE DECK BRIDGE SPANNING 58.4 m CONNECTS TWO TOWER AT SKYLOBBY ELEVATOR • TRANSFER STATION ON FLOOR 41 AND 42 EASY CIRCULATION B/W UPPER TOWER FLOORS MINIMIZE LIFT USAGE REDUCES FIRE EXIT REQUIREMENT GREAT HEIGHT AND SPAN REQUIRES STEEL FOR LIGHT WEIGHT AND EASY CONST. TWO HINGED ARCH SUPPORTS THE SPAN SELF CENTRING ACTION FROM RESTRAIN AT ARCH • CROWN AND SPHERICAL PIN AT SUPPORTS

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

SKYBRIDGEThe skybridge built between the two towers uses the combination of rectangles and triangles structure to add more strength and stability to the bridge

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

SKYBRIDGE The top view from skybridge of petronas twin

tower. It shows the landscape of roof design of near by buildings. It portrays an interesting symmetrical design.

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

Tenants of petronas tower

Tower One is fully occupied by Petronas and a number of its subsidiaries and associate companies, while the office spaces in Tower Two are mostly available for lease to other companies.

A number of companies have offices in Tower Two, including Accenture, Al Jazeera English, Carigali Hess Bloomberg, Boeing, IBM, Khazanah Nasional Berhad, McKinsey & Co, TCS, HCL Technologies, Krawler Networks, Microsoft, The Agency (a modeling company) and Reuters.

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

The lift systemThe main bank of Otis Lifts is located in the centre of each tower. All main lifts are double-decker with the lower deck of the lift taking passengers to odd numbered floors and upper deck to even numbered floors.

From the ground floor, there are three groups of lifts: The short haul, group of 6 lifts, take passengers to floors between level 2-16 and level 3-17. The mid haul, group of 6 lifts, take passengers to floors between level 18-38 and level 19-37. The shuttle lifts take passengers directly to levels 2-42, 3-41.

To get to levels above 41/42, passengers must take the shuttle lifts, then change to lifts to the upper floors. These connecting lifts are directly above the lifts that serve levels 2 to 38. The pattern now repeats with the upper levels, one set serving levels 43-57, levels 44-58 and one set serving levels 59-73 /60-74.

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

pinnacle

`

EACH TOWER CROWNED BY- 73 m TAPERING TOP ACCOMMODATES – BUILDING MAINTENANCE MACHINE , AVIATION LIGHTING AND LIGHTING PROTECTION DUE TO STEEP SLOPING COLUMN CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION IMPARACTICAL STEEL USED THROUGHOUT LOWER PINNACLE- 8 STRUCTURAL STEEL FRAMES UPPER PINNACLE – SINGLE MAST OF TAPERING

CIRCULAR CROSS SECTION

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

pinnacle

`

PINNACLE ELEVATION

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

Dynamic studies CROSS WIND EFFECTS ON STRUCTURE AND USER COMFORT ANALYTICAL MODELLING : 3D MODELLING USING SAP90 INCLUDING PERIMETER BEAMS, COLUMNS, CENTRAL

COLUMN REPRESENTING CORE & OUTRIGGER SYSTEM COLUMN GROSS CROSS SECTION PROPERTIES USED-

COMPRESSIVE STRESSES DOMINANT ELASTIC MODULI ‘E’ VALUES VARIED WITH STRENGTh

ACCORDING TO ACI318 ‘E’ VALUES NOT REDUCED FOR CREEP- SHORT TERM WIND

LOADING BEAMS ASSUMED TO BE ‘CRACKED’- AVG. STIFFNESS I/2

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

Dynamic studies WIND MODELLING DESIGN WIND 35 m/s ASSUMED AT 10m ELEVATION RETURN PERIOD 50 YEARS FORCING FUNCTION DETERMINED USING IT ANALYSIS FOR DYNAMIC FORCE AT 1-2% DAMPING RESULTS REVEALED 2% DAMPING REDUCES BASE SHEAR VALUES WELL BELOW LIMITS NO REQIREMENT OF TUNED DAMPERS

SIMILAR DYNAMIC MODELLING DONE FOR SKY BRIDGE,PINNACLE SKY BRIDGE REQIRED TUNED MASS DAMPERS-3 EACH LEG

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

PETRONAS TWIN TOWER

THANK

YOU

Date of Completion 1998 (Opened Aug 31, 1999)

Number of Storeys 88

Overall Height 451.9m from street level (1483ft)

Design/Architecture Cesar Pelli & Associates (US) in association with KLCC architects

Height of Superstructure (without pinnacle) 378m (1240ft)

Tip of longest pile to tip of pinnacle mast 592.4m (1944ft)

Total built-up area 341,760 sq. m. (3.7 mn sq. ft.)

Location of Skybridge Levels 41 and 42

Length of Skybridge 58.4m (192ft) double-decked

Height of Skybridge 170m from street level (558ft)

Weight of Skybridge 750 tonnes

Skybridge Support Two-hinge arch with rotational pins (spherical bearings) at Level 29, rising 63 degrees

Vertical Transportation Total= 76 lifts. 29 Double-deck high speed passenger lifts in each tower. Each double-deck can carry 26 persons.

Number of escalators 10 in each tower

Stainless Steel Cladding 65,000 sq m (700,000 sq ft)

Vision Glass 77,000 sq m (830,000 sq ft)

Concrete(various strength up to grade 80) 160,000 cu m in the superstructure (5.7mn cu ft)

Steel 36,910 tonnes of beam, trusses and reinforcement

Foundation 4.5m (15 ft) thick raft containing 13,200 cu m of grade 60 concrete, weighing approximately 32,550 tonnes under each Tower, supported by 104 barrette piles from 60m to 115m in length.

Building Control System Central management of air-conditioning and lighting

Building Security System Card Access and Alarm Monitoring System, Closed Circuit Television System (CCTV), Voice Intercom System, and Photo Identification System.

By- Nawal Kishor DwivediM.Tech Structural Engineering , MNIT Jaipur