Phantom Simulation of Liver Phantom Simulation of Liver Motion During BreathingMotion During Breathing
Group Members:Group Members:Ian DallmeyerIan DallmeyerTuta GuerraTuta Guerra
Ian HenderlongIan HenderlongAdvisor:Advisor:
Dr. Bob GallowayDr. Bob Galloway
BackgroundBackground Over 225,000 people in the U.S. diagnosed Over 225,000 people in the U.S. diagnosed
with primary or metastatic liver cancer in with primary or metastatic liver cancer in 2003.2003.
Cancers often spread throughout the liver.Cancers often spread throughout the liver.– Traditional surgery difficult/not possible.Traditional surgery difficult/not possible.
No IGS techniques for the abdomen.No IGS techniques for the abdomen.– Respiratory motionRespiratory motion
PigsPigs– Liver structure different than humans.Liver structure different than humans.
ProblemProblem
Need an anatomically correct model which Need an anatomically correct model which accurately simulates liver motion due to accurately simulates liver motion due to breathing to test IGLS techniques.breathing to test IGLS techniques.
Advantages of Phantom ModelAdvantages of Phantom Model Porcine LiverPorcine Liver
Approx. $1,000 – $2,000 per Approx. $1,000 – $2,000 per liverliver
Not anatomically correctNot anatomically correct Not reusable Not reusable
Phantom modelPhantom model Anatomically correctAnatomically correct Reusable Reusable Time and space-savingTime and space-saving
Alternatives to Modeling Alternatives to Modeling Liver MotionLiver Motion
High-Frequency Jet VentilationHigh-Frequency Jet Ventilation– DisadvantagesDisadvantages
Maximum Duration of 45 min.Maximum Duration of 45 min. Cardiovascular ComplicationsCardiovascular Complications Patient ResponsePatient Response ExpensiveExpensive
Market PotentialMarket Potential Current methods too Current methods too
invasiveinvasive– Open liver resectionOpen liver resection
Estimated market for Estimated market for IGLS 10x current IGNS IGLS 10x current IGNS marketmarket
IGLS: $3.0-$7.5 billionIGLS: $3.0-$7.5 billion Reusable model needed Reusable model needed
to perfect IGLS to perfect IGLS techniquestechniques
Phantom LiverPhantom Liver
EquipmentEquipment– LiverLiver– Muscle WireMuscle Wire– PVC PipePVC Pipe– Power SourcePower Source– Sliding Mechanism SystemSliding Mechanism System– Spring/Rubber Band/Elastic Spring/Rubber Band/Elastic
for Recoilfor Recoil
Ideal DesignIdeal Design
Shape Memory AlloyShape Memory Alloy Shape memory alloys Shape memory alloys
deform upon heatingdeform upon heating– Martensite – low T, Martensite – low T,
soft, deformablesoft, deformable– Austenite – higher T, Austenite – higher T,
hard, non-deformablehard, non-deformable Other SMA’s - Other SMA’s -
CuZnAl, and CuAlNi CuZnAl, and CuAlNi
Design SpecsDesign Specs 1-D Linear motion 1-D Linear motion
(cranial- caudal) (cranial- caudal) 10.8 10.8 ++ 2.5 mm 2.5 mm
(ATLM)(ATLM) Breath Frequency Breath Frequency
~= .11 Hz. (1 ~= .11 Hz. (1 breath/9 sec)breath/9 sec)
Current WorkCurrent Work
Cart constructionCart construction
Force determination Force determination
Testing of recoil strategiesTesting of recoil strategies
Future WorkFuture Work
Purchase/Testing of muscle wire Purchase/Testing of muscle wire
Construction of power source Construction of power source
Assemble liver in PVC pipeAssemble liver in PVC pipe
ReferencesReferences Herline AJ, Stefansic JD, Debelak JP, Hartmann SL, Wright Pinson C, Herline AJ, Stefansic JD, Debelak JP, Hartmann SL, Wright Pinson C,
Galloway RL, Chapman WC. Image Guided Surgery: Preliminary; Feasibility Galloway RL, Chapman WC. Image Guided Surgery: Preliminary; Feasibility Studies of Frameless Stereotactic Liver Surgery. June 1999 Studies of Frameless Stereotactic Liver Surgery. June 1999 Archives of Archives of SurgerySurgery 134:644-650 134:644-650
Tarczy-Hornoch P, Jones D, Zerom B, Woodrum D, and Berk R. Mechanical Tarczy-Hornoch P, Jones D, Zerom B, Woodrum D, and Berk R. Mechanical Ventilators. [Online] Available Ventilators. [Online] Available http://http://weber.u.washington.eduweber.u.washington.edu/~neonatal/NICU/~neonatal/NICU--WEB/vents.html, 1998. WEB/vents.html, 1998.
