Introduction to Pharmacy

PHARMACY“The Right Choice for a Promising Future”

The word ‘Pharmacy’ is derived from the Greek work ‘Pharmakon’, meaning drug.

The word ‘Pharmacy’ has two meanings :

General sense – it is a place or shop where drugs or medicines are sold.

Professional sense – it is the profession, the members of which deal with drugs.

Pharmacy

Pharmacy is the art and science of preparing, compounding and

dispensing medications . it also includes more modern services related to health care and

the provision of drug and related information to the

public.So have a great role in diagnosis,

prevention and treatment of diseases.

PharmacistPharmacist A pharmacist is one who is educated

and licensed to prepare and dispense drugs and to provide drug and

related information to the public-An expert on drugs.

“I am a PharmacistI am a specialist in medications

I am a custodian of medical informationI am a companion of the physician

I am a counselor to the patientI am a guardian of public health

This is my callingThis is my pride.”

‘In short I am life saver’

Drug & Medicine• A drug is any substance that

acts on the living body to alter the physiological process and are used for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases.

• A medicine is any drug which has a definite form & dose and are therapeutically used for the treatment of diseases of living subjects.

Why choose Pharmacy?

I want a dynamic, people-oriented career in health care.

I want diverse employment opportunities.

I want a flexible work environment.

I want a comfortable income.

I want to be part of a respected profession.

WELCOME TOPHARMACY PROFESSION

Pharmacy is not only an occupation; it is now a well

recognized profession in most of the countries.

Occupation and Profession :Occupation : the job by which somebody earns for living.

Profession : an occupation characterized by –

– Extensive study– Specialized training – Specialized knowledge – Professional organizations– Ethical code & Professional behavior – Process of certification or licensing.

Some examples of professions are– Medicine– Nursing– Accounting– Law– Military– Engineering– PHARMACY etc.

Pharmacists are members of pharmacy profession dealing with all aspects of drugs.

Pharmacists are Pharmacists are experts of drugsexperts of drugs..

• Preparation • Combination• Identification • Analysis• Selection • Standardization• Action • Use• Preservation • Counseling• Sales • Information

- CAREER OPPORTUNITIES -• Pharmaceutical industry

Production Quality control (QC) Quality assurance (QA) Research & development (R&D)

Store Marketing ( local, global ) Product management Regulatory affairs Pharmaceutical sales representative ( PSR )

• Hospitals and clinics Hospital pharmacists Clinical pharmacists

• Community pharmacy ( retail pharmacy )

• Wholesale pharmacy• Government services

Regulatory affairs Drug testing laboratories Drug purchasing & distribution Military services

Production

Production

Production

QC andQA

QA and QC

Tablets• A tablet is a pharmaceutical dosage form. It comprises

a mixture of active substances and excipients, usually in powder form, pressed or compacted from a powder into a solid dose. The excipients can include diluents, binders or granulating agents, glidants (flow aids) and lubricants to ensure efficient tabletting; disintegrants to promote tablet break-up in the digestive tract; sweeteners or flavours to enhance taste; and pigments to make the tablets visually attractive.

Capsules• Capsules are solid dosage form in which

medicaments are placed in a practically insoluble gelatin shell.

The two main types of capsules are:• Hard-shelled capsules, which are normally used for

dry, powdered ingredients or miniature pellets.• Soft-shelled capsules, primarily used for oils and for

active ingredients that are dissolved or suspended in oil.

Syrups• Syrups are concentrated aqueous preparations of

a sugar or sugar substitute with or with out added flavoring agents and medicinal substance.

Types:• Simple syrup• Medicated syrup• Flavoured syrup

• According to British Pharmacopoeia it is 66.7 % (w/w) and according to united states pharmacopoeia it is 85% (w/v).

Emulsions• Emulsions are thermodynamically unstable

system of two immiscible liquids in which phase is dispersed as globules into another dispersion medium by using emulsifying agent.

• e.g oil and water

Suspension• A pharmaceutical suspension is defined as a

coarse dispersion In which insoluble drug particles are dispersed in a liquid medium by using a suspending agent.

Creams• Creams are viscous or semi solid emulsions

intended for application on skin and mucous membrane.

• Creams may be:• Non- medicated as emollient.• Medicated for specific action.

Ointment• Ointments are greasy semi solid preparations

for application to the skin

They may be:• Medicated• Non-medicated

Parentral injections• Parentral injectable preparations are those preparations

which are not meant for oral or topical administration.• Intradermal (ID)• Intramuscular (IM)• Intraosseous (IO)• Intraperitoneal (IP)• Intravenous (IV)• Subcutaneous (SC)• Intrathecal (IT) Injection into the spinal column

Community pharmacy

• A pharmacy or drugstore or retail pharmacy in industry terminology is the place where most pharmacists practice the profession of pharmacy. It is the community pharmacy where the dichotomy of the profession exists—health professionals who are also retailers.

• ABCS (Assesment, Bottling, Counseling, Surviellance)

Hospital pharmacy

• It is the practice of pharmacy in hospital for procurement, compounding, dispensing, storage, sterilization of drugs under the supervision of legally qualified, registered pharmacist.

Clinical Pharmacy• Pharmacists provide direct patient care services that

optimizes the use of medication and promotes health, wellness, and disease prevention. Clinical pharmacists care for patients in all health care settings, but the clinical pharmacy movement initially began inside hospitals and clinics. Clinical pharmacists often collaborate with physicians and other healthcare professionals to improve pharmaceutical care. Clinical pharmacists are now an integral part of the interdisciplinary approach to patient care.

They often participate in patient care rounds and drug product selection.

The clinical pharmacist's role involves: • creating a comprehensive drug therapy plan for

patient-specific problems (Avoid poly pharmacy) • identifying goals of therapy • reviewing all prescribed medications prior to

dispensing and administration to the patient.

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COMPOUNDING PHARMACYCompounding is the mixing of drugs by a pharmacist, physician, or veterinarian to fit the unique needs of a patient.

This may be done for medically necessary reasons, such as to change the form of the medication from a solid pill to a liquid

It may also be done for voluntary reasons, such as adding favorite flavors to a medication

Compounding is the practice of preparing drugs in new forms.

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Online pharmacies are pharmacies which operate over the Internet.

Many such pharmacies are, in some ways, similar to community pharmacies;

INTERNET PHARMACY OR

ONLINE PHARMACY

The primary difference is the method by which the medications are requested and received.

Some customers consider this to be more convenient than traveling to a community drugstore.

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VETERINARY PHARMACY

Veterinary pharmacies, sometimes called animal pharmacies may fall in the category of hospital pharmacy, retail pharmacy or mail-order pharmacy.

Veterinary pharmacies stock different varieties and different strengths of medications to fulfill the pharmaceutical needs of animals

Because the needs of animals as well as the regulations on veterinary medicine are often very different from those related to people, veterinary pharmacy is often kept separate from regular pharmacies.

Nuclear pharmacy

• Nuclear pharmacy focuses on preparing radioactive materials for diagnostic tests and for treating certain diseases. Nuclear pharmacists undergo additional training specific to handling radioactive materials, and unlike in community and hospital pharmacies, nuclear pharmacists typically do not interact directly with patients.

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Military pharmacy is an entirely different working environment due to the fact that technicians perform most duties that in a civilian sector would be illegal.

MILITARY PHARMACY

State laws of Technician patient counseling and medication checking by a pharmacist do not apply.

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PHARMACY INFORMATICS

Pharmacy informatics is the combination of pharmacy practice science and applied information science.

As a practice area and specialist domain, pharmacy informatics is growing quickly to meet the needs of major national and international patient information projects and health system interoperability goals. Pharmacists are well trained to participate in medication management system development, deployment and optimization.

Pharmacy informaticists work in many practice areas of pharmacy, however, they may also work in information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies.

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Separation of prescribing from dispensing

These jurisdictions also usually specify that only pharmacists may supply scheduled pharmaceuticals to the public, and that pharmacists cannot form business partnerships with physicians or give them "kickback" payments.

In most jurisdictions (such as the United States), pharmacists are regulated separately from physicians.

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However, the American Medical Association (AMA) Code of Ethics provides that physicians may dispense drugs within their office practices as long as there is no patient exploitation and patients have the right to a written prescription that can be filled elsewhere.

7 to 10 percent of American physicians practices reportedly dispense drugs on their own.

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In other jurisdictions (particularly in Asian countries such as China, Malaysia, and Singapore), doctors are allowed to dispense drugs themselves..

In Canada it is common for a medical clinic and a pharmacy to be located together and for the ownership in both enterprises to be common, but licensed separately

The practice of pharmacy is sometimes integrated with that of the physician, particularly in traditional Chinese medicine.

Forensic Pharmacy is the foundation of the structure on which the sacred profession of Pharmacy has been built. It provides much needed legal support, professional backing and ethical strength for the systematic growth of the profession.

"Forensic Pharmacy

Forensic Pharmacy• Drug Acts and Regulations• Drug inspector role• Forensic Scientist role• Information regarding Membership of1) PQCB2) REGISTRATION BOARD3) APPELLATE BOARD4) Drug testing Laboratories etc

TEACHING

• The emerging branch of pharmacy demands highly trained and skilled pharmacist to educate the new incoming students who are willing to get their degrees in pharmacy.

FUTURE IN PHARMACY

• In the coming decades, pharmacists are expected to become more integral within the health care system rather than simply dispensing medication, pharmacists will be paid for their patients care skills.

Thank You