M.PHARM. PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY Courses of Study: First Semester MPMC 101: Instrumental methods of Analysis - Theory (Common to all Branches) MPMC 102: Modern Analytical Techniques - Theory (Common to all Branches) MPMC 103: Molecular and biochemical Pharmacology Theory (Common with M.Pharm Pharmacology) MPMC 104: Advanced organic chemistry I MPMC 105: Pharmacological screening methods Theory (Common with M.Pharm - Pharmacology) MPMP 106: Pharmaceutical Analysis Practical (Common to all Branches) MPMP 107: Advanced Organic chemistry Practical Second Semester MPMC 201: Advanced organic chemistry II Theory MPMC 202: Medicinal Chemistry I Theory MPMC 203: Medicinal Chemistry II Theory MPMC 204: Natural Products Chemistry Theory (Common with M.Pharm Industrial Pharmacognosy) MPMC 205: Drug design and Drug action Theory MPMP 206: Natural Products Chemistry Practical MPMP 207: Medicinal Chemistry Practical Third Semester MPMC 301: Research methodology and Pharmaceutical Statistics Theory (Common to all branches) MPMC 302: Elective: (students have to choose any one among the following) 1. MPMC 302(1) Advances in Industrial Pharmacy Theory 2. MPMC 302(2) Pharmaceutical Healthcare Theory 3. MPMC 302(3) Analytical method development Theory 4. MPMC 302(4) Clinical Pharmacology Theory 5. MPMC 302(5) Strategy In Drug Synthesis Theory 6. MPME-302(6) Pharmacobiotechnology Theory MPMT 303: Thesis Phase I www.Pharmainfo.Net www.Pharmainfo.Net
Transcript
M.PHARM. PHARMACEUTICAL CHEMISTRY
Courses of Study:
First Semester
MPMC 101: Instrumental methods of Analysis - Theory (Common to all Branches)
MPMC 102: Modern Analytical Techniques - Theory (Common to all Branches)
MPMC 103: Molecular and biochemical Pharmacology Theory (Common with M.Pharm Pharmacology)
MPMC 104: Advanced organic chemistry I
MPMC 105: Pharmacological screening methods Theory (Common with M.Pharm - Pharmacology)
MPMP 106: Pharmaceutical Analysis Practical (Common to all Branches)
MPMP 107: Advanced Organic chemistry Practical
Second Semester
MPMC 201: Advanced organic chemistry II Theory
MPMC 202: Medicinal Chemistry I Theory MPMC 203: Medicinal Chemistry II Theory
MPMC 204: Natural Products Chemistry Theory (Common with M.Pharm Industrial Pharmacognosy) MPMC 205: Drug design and Drug action Theory
MPMC 301: Research methodology and Pharmaceutical Statistics Theory (Common to all branches)
MPMC 302: Elective: (students have to choose any one among the following)
1. MPMC 302(1) Advances in Industrial Pharmacy Theory 2. MPMC 302(2) Pharmaceutical Healthcare Theory 3. MPMC 302(3) Analytical method development Theory 4. MPMC 302(4) Clinical Pharmacology Theory 5. MPMC 302(5) Strategy In Drug Synthesis Theory 6. MPME-302(6) Pharmacobiotechnology Theory
MPMT 303: Thesis Phase I
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
Fourth Semester
MPMT 401: Thesis Phase II
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
Scheme of Examinations
M.Pharm. Pharmaceutical Chemistry
Subject Hrs/Week Credits Evaluation (Marks)
L T P Sessio-nal
Univ.Exam
Total
I-Semester MPMC 101 Instrumental methods of
Analysis Theory 2 1 -- 3 25 75 100
MPMC 102 Modern Analytical Techniques Theory 2 1 -- 3 25 75 100
MPMC 103 Molecular and biochemical Pharmacology Theory 2 1 -- 3 25 75 100
MPMC 104 Advanced organic chemistry I Theory 2 1 -- 3 25 75 100
MPMC 101: INSTRUMENTAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS (Theory) 35 Hrs.
1. UV-Visible Spectrophotometry: Theory Beer and Lambert - Limitations of the law, Design and working of single beam and double beam spectrophotometers. Applications of UV absorptions spectrophotometry in qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis.
2. Fluorimetry: Theory - Photoluminescence Fluorescence and Phosphorescence. Chemical structure and fluorescence - factors affecting fluorescence intensity. Instrumentation and Pharmaceutical applications of fluorimetry.
3. Flame Photometry and Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry: Theory, Instrumentation Types of interference and elimination of interference - Pharmaceutical applications
4. Chromatography: Principle, technique and applications of HPTLC, Gel filtration, Ion exchange chromatography and super critical fluid chromatography.
5. Chromatography: HPLC, GC, Plate theory, Van Deempter equation - Principle, Instruments and application. Chromatographic attributes: Capacity factor, resolution, theoretical plates and symmetry factor
6. Preliminary studies on X-Ray Diffraction and Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
7. Introduction to Radio Immuno Assay
Books for Reference:
1. GN. Jeffery, Jbassett, J. Mendham and R.C. Denney, (ed), Vogels textbooks of quantitative inorganic analysis, ELBS, London.
2. A.H. Beckett and J.B. Stenlake, Practical pharmaceutical chemistry, part I and II, the Athlone Press London.
3. D.A. Skoog, D.M., West and F.J. Holler Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Saunders College publishing, New York.
4. D.A. Skoog and J.J Leary Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Saunders college publishing, New York.
5. H.H Willard, L.L. Meritt, J.A. Dean and F.A. Settle, Instrumental methods of Analysis, Wadsworth, New York.
6. V.K. Srivastava and K.K. Srivastav, Introduction to Chromatography, S. Chand & Company, New Delhi.
7. H. Strobel and W.R. Heinemann Chemical Instrumentation, Addition-Wisely, Boston.
8. John R. Dyer, Applications of absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, Prentice Hall London.
9. Robert M. Silverstein, Clayton Bassler and Terence C. Morril, Spectrophotometric Identification of organic Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
10. Y.H. Sharma, Elementary Organic Absorption Spectroscopy, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
11. Undenfriend S., Florescence in biology and Medicine, Academic Press , New York.
12.London.
13. Pharmacopoeia of India, Govt. of India, Ministry of Health.
14. British Pharmacopoeia, ministry of Health and Social Welfare, UK.
15. United States Pharmacopoeia, US Pharmacopoeia Convention Inc. Rockville, USA.
16. A.K. Srivastava, P.C. Jain Chemical Analysis, S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi.
17. Robet V. Smith, James T. Stewart, text books of Biopharmaceutical Analysis, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia.
MPMC 102: MODERN ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES (Theory) 35 Hrs.
1. IR-Spectrophotometry: Theory, molecular vibration, instrumentation sample preparation - application of IR spectrophotometry in pharmacy. Introduction to FTIR
2. NMR-Spectrometry: Theory and instrumentation spin-spin coupling, chemical shift, magnetic equivalence spin-spin decoupling shift reagents, applications of NMR spectrometry in pharmacy and interpretation of NMR spectra (using spectra of simple organic compound as example)
3. Mass Spectrometry: Theory, fragmentation pattern, ionization techniques: electron bombardment, chemical ionization, field desorption, fast atom bombardment. Different analysers. Interpretation of mass spectra, determination of molecular weight and molecular formula and applications of mass spectrometry
4. Theory, instrumentation and applications of Differential Thermal Analysis and Differential Scanning Calorimetry.
5. A preliminary study of principle, Instrument and applications of 13C NMR
6. Introduction to Bio Assay- bio assay of Insulin Microbiological assay of Vitamins & antibiotics
Books for reference:
1. A.H. Beckett and J.B. Stenlake, Practical pharmaceutical chemistry, part I and II, the Athlone Press London.
2. D.A. Skoog and Leary J.J., Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Saunders college publishing, New York.
3. H.H Willard, L.L. Meritt, J.A. Dean and F.A. Settle, Instrumental methods of Analysis, Wadsworth, New York.
4. H. Strobel and W.R. Heinemann Chemical Instrumentation, Addition-Wisely, Boston.
5. John R. Dyer, Applications of absorption Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds, Prentice Hall London.
6. Robert M. Silverstein, Clayton Bassler and Terence C. Morril, Spectrophotometric Identification of organic Compounds, John Wiley & Sons, New York.
7. Y.H. Sharma, Elementary Organic Absorption Spectroscopy, S. Chand & Co., New Delhi.
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
8. Barrow, G.M., Introduction to molecular spectroscopy, McGraw-Hill. London.
9. Haris, R.K. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Pitman, London.
10. A.K. Srivastava, P.C. Jain Chemical Analysis, S. Chand & Company Ltd., New Delhi.
MPMC 103 . MOLECULAR AND BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY (35 Hrs)
1. Receptor pharmacology
Receptor different types, Theories of receptor, G-protein coupled receptor, enzyme inhibitor, Enzymes ligand gated, ion channel attached to receptor, (Sodium, Potassium, Calcium, and Chloride channels) second messengers, NMDA channels, cAMP, cGMP, InsP3, AA.
Neurohumoral transmission in central nervous systems, autonomic and somatic nervous system- molecular basis, underlying the mechanism action of cholinergic, adrenergic agonist and antagonist and neuromuscular blocking agents,
2. Chemotherapy
(a) Molecular & biochemical mechanism involved in the anti microbial effects of various Chemotherapeutic agents (Anti bacterial, Anti fungal, Anti viral, and Anti cancer)
b) Gene therapy, recent advances made in the gene therapy of cancer diseases and other chronic diseases.
3. a) Immuno pharmacology: Cellular mediators and their interactions during immune response and Eicosanoids.
b) Autocoids, histamine, angiotensin, 5HT, and their antagonists.
c) Drugs inhibiting the transport of carrier systems.
Books for reference:
1. th Ed.)
2. Pharmacology by H.P.Rang and M.M.Dale (3rd end)
3. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology by BB.G.Katzung (7th Ed.)
4.
5. Clinical Pharmacology by D.R.Lawrence and P.N.Bennett
6.
MPMC 104: ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY I Theory 35 Hrs.
1. Bonding and electron distribution:
a) Localised chemical bonding: Covalent bonding, hybridization, inductive and field effects, bond distance and bond angle, Lewis structure, curved arrow notation
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
b) Delocalised chemical bonding: Resonance effect, aromaticity, heterocyclic rings exhibiting aromaticity (five membered and six membered)
c) Bonds weaker than covalent bond: Hydrogen bond, addition compounds, electron donor- acceptor complexes, crown ethers, inclusion compounds and clathrate compounds
2. Stability and reactivity of reaction intermediates:
a) Ion stability, solvation and media effect b) Ranking of stability and trends (structure, lone pair stabilization, pi- bond stabilization, hyper
conjugation) c) Ranking of electron donor groups d) Ranking of electron withdrawing groups e) Carbanion stability and trends f) pka rule
3.a) Classification of electron source: General ranking of electron sources, nonbonding electrons, electron rich sigma bonds, electron rich pi- bonds and simple pi- bonds, aromatic rings
3.b) Classification of electron acceptors: General ranking of electron acceptors, electron deficient species, weak single bonds, polarised multiple bonds
3.c) Mechanism and methods of determining: Thermodynamic and kinetic requirements for reaction methods of determining reaction mechanism.
4.a) Mechanism, reactivity and orientation of aliphatic nucleophilic substitution (SN1, SN2 and SNi reactions including effect of solvent, nucleophile and substrate on reactivity and orientation with examples.
4.b) Mechanism, reactivity and orientation of free radical substitution reactions
5.a) Mechanism, reactivity and orientation of oxidation and reduction reactions. Birch reduction,
hydrogenation
5.b) Reagents in organic synthesis: Use of following reagents in organic synthesis and functional group transformations Lithium Aluminium hydride, Periodic acid, N-Bromo succinamide.
Books for Reference:
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
1. Organic Chemistry, Morrison and Boyd, prentice hall Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 6th edition,1992, New Delhi..
2. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Jerry March, Mc-Graw-Hill.
3. IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, Riguady, J. Klesney, S.P., Pergamon Press, New York.
4. Principles of Organic synthesis, R.O.C. Norman, Science Paper Back Publishers, 3rd edition 1993.
14. Mechanism in organic chemistry, Peter Sykes, 1995, Longman Scientific &Technical, England.
MPMC 105: PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING METHODS - 35Hrs 1. (a)Basic principles of screening of drugs for pharmacological activities.
(b)Pre-clinical screening General screening procedure for CNS activities, General CNS profile- Study using pole climbing pattern, Rota rod, Actophotometer and Jiggle cage experiments.
2. (a)Specific screening procedure for local anesthetics Rabbit cornea, lumbar plexus of frog and Infiltration anesthesia on guinea pigs
(b) Screening for anti hypertensive agents:
How to do experimentally induced hypertension in albino rats, and using these animals for screening of anti hypertensive, anaesthetized dog method etc.
(c) Screening for anti arrhythmic activity:
A study of aconitine or digoxin or isoprenaline induced arrhythmias in animals and use of these animals to screen anti arrhythmic drugs. Studying various types of arrhythmiasis based on ECG pattisolated frog heart.
(d) Screening for analgesic and anti-convulsent activities using, hot plate, tail flick and tail clip methods (analgesic activity) MES seizures produced in albino rats and to study the effects of anti convulsant (phenytoin), protection of electrically induced convulsion in albino rats. Protection of cardiazol induced convulsion in rat by sodium valproate.
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
3. (a) Screening for anti depressant, anti psychiatric, anti parkinsonism and anti ulcer effect
(b) Screening for anti fertility activity and anti pyretic & anti inflammatory.
(c) Screening for skeletal muscle relaxants effect of drugs using nerve muscle preparations, phrenic nerve diaphragm and frog rectus preparation.
4 (a) Toxicological studies:
Acute, sub acute, and chronic toxicological studies and calculation of median lethal dosage for drugs
Books for reference:
1. Goodman and th Ed.
2. Pharmacology, by H.P.Rang
3. th Ed.
4. Evaluation of drug activities pharmacometrics by D.R.Laurence and A.L.Bacharah Vol 1. and 2.
5. Modern Drug Research Paths to better and safe drugs by Y.C.Martin, E.Kutter and V.Austel.
6. Practical approach in toxicity studies by pooley and leslie.
7. Screeining methods in Pharmacology by R.A.Tuner.
8. Clinical Pharmacology by D.R.Laurence and P.N.Bennett.
9. Methods of clinical drug trails by Aln Sperit and Smith.
10. Alternatives to animal experiments: Developing in-vitro methods and changing legislation. TIPS., 11:1990 104-107
11. Alternatives to animals in toxicity testing. Scientific American., 261(1989), 16-22.
12. Clinical drug trial and tribulations by Allan E.cato (1980)
13. The Oxford text book of clinical Pharmacology and drug therapy by D.G.Grehame-Smith and J.K.Aronson
14. International aspects of drug evaluation and usage by Jouhar and Grayson.
1. Experiments based on theory subjects Instrumental methods of analysis and Modern Analytical techniques
2. Experiments would be selected illustrating the principles involved in estimation of raw materials and finished products representing major categories of drug formulations from pharmacopoeias.
Books for Reference:
1. GN. Jeffery, Jbassett, J. Mendham and R.C. Denney, (ed), Vogels textbooks of quantitative inorganic analysis, ELBS, London.
2. A.H. Beckett and J.B. Stenlake, Practical pharmaceutical chemistry, part I and II, the Athlone Press London.
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
3. D.A. Skoog, D.M., West and F.J. Holler Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry, Saunders College publishing, New York.
4. D.A. Skoog and J.J Leary Principles of Instrumental Analysis, Saunders college publishing, New York.
5. H.H Willard, L.L. Meritt, J.A. Dean and F.A. Settle, Instrumental methods of Analysis, Wadsworth, New York.
6. V.K. Srivastava and K.K. Srivastav, Introduction to Chromatography, S. Chand & Company, New Delhi.
7. H. Strobel and W.R. Heinemann Chemical Instrumentation, Addition- Wisely, Boston
1. Qualitative analysis of mixture of organic compounds.
2. a. Preparation of Benzanilide from Benzophenone (Beckmann rearrangement)
b. Preparation of 2- phenyl indole from acetaphenone. (Fischer Idolisation)
c. Preparation of antipyrine from ethylacetoacetate
d. Preparation of dibromo cinnamic acid from benzaldehyde (Perkin reaction)
3. a. Workshop on spectral interpretation of organic compounds.
b. Workshop on synthetic reactions.
4. Quantitative analysis of
a. OCH3 group Zeisel method
b. Nitrogen estimation
5. Any other exercise to substantiate theory
Books for Reference:
1. Elementary practical organic chemistry part I , II and III by A.I.Vogel
2. Practical Organic chemistry, Raj. K. Bansal, Wiley Eastern Ltd.
3. Text book of Practical organic chemistry by Dey and Seetharaman
4. Text book of Practical organic chemistry by Arther . I.Vogel, 2nd edition,
5. Quantitative organic analysis by A.I.Vogel
6. Experiments and Techniques in Organic Chemistry by D. Pasto,C Johnson and Miller 1992, Prentic Hall, New Jersey.
SECOND SEMESTER
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
MPMC 201: ADVANCED ORGANIC CHEMISTRY II Theory 35 Hrs.
1.a)Mechanism, reactivity and orientation of elimination reaction including effect of solvent, base and substrate on reactivity and orientation with examples.
1.b)Mechanism, reactivity and orientation of addition reactions of carbon - carbon multiple bonds.
2.a)Mechanism, reactivity and orientation of electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions effect of substituent on reactivity and orientation.
3.a) Mechanism, reactivity and orientation of aromatic nucleophillic substitution reactions.
3.b) IUPAC nomenclature of polycyclic aromatic system, fused ring system and heterocyclic ring systems. Familiarity with naming of drugs from official books.
4. Stereochemical principles:
a) Symmetry elements: Axis of symmetry, Plane of symmetry, Rotation-reflection, symmetry, Centre of symmetry, Reflection symmetry.
b) Introduction, Homomers, Isomers, Constitutional isomerism, stereoisomerism. Cis-trans isomerism, Conformation, conformational changes and energy barriers, conformational isomerism, Isomerism in biphenyls, Amine inversions.
c) Absolute configuration, R,S notation and Z,E notation
5. Application of stereochemical principles: a. Conformations of saturated cyclic systems:
Molecules with one chiral centre, molecules with a chiral axis, molecules with a chiral plane of symmetry, molecules with two or more chiral centers, characterization of enantiomers by chiroptical methods: polarimetry, NMR, Calorimetry, Enzyme techniques. Optical rotatory dispersion (ORD), Circular dichroism (CD), X-ray diffraction, Configuration: relative and absolute, Resolution of enantiomers,
Reference Books
1. Organic Chemistry, Morrison and Boyd, prentice hall Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.
2. Advanced Organic Chemistry, Jerry March, Mc-Graw-Hill.
3. IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry, Riguady, J. Klesney, S.P., Pergamon Press, New York.
4. Solomons Organic chemistry,5th edition, John wiley & Sons, New York.
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
5. Stereochemistry of carbon compounds, Eliel
6. Stereochemistry , Potopov, 1979, MIR Publishers, Moscow.
8. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds by D. Nasipur 1992,Wiley Eastern Ltd..
MPMC 202: MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY I Theory 35 Hrs.
1. Process of drug handling by the body I
Introduction, Absorption: Structure of cell membranes, modes of transfer across cell membranes, passive diffusion, carrier-aided transfer, pinocytosis, persorption, filtration or aqueous diffusion, diffusion of ions; routes of administration, enteral, parenteral. Distribution: Fluid compartments, capillary structure, tissue perfusion; gradients of pH and binding; pH, binding; partition into fat, active transport, Blood-brain barrier, placental barrier.
2. Process of drug handling by the body II Metabolism: Phase I metabolism, Oxidations, Reductions, Hydrolyses; Phase II metabolism: Glucuronide formation, Sulphate formation, Methylation, Acylation; Glutathione conjugation; Factors influencing metabolism: Stereoisomerism, Presystemic metabolism, Dose-dependent metabolism, Inter-species variation, Intra-species variation, Age, Inhibition of metabolism, Induction of metabolism; Excretion: Renal elimination of drugs; Glomerular filtration, Active tubular secretion, Passive reabsorption, Renal clearance and half-life, Renal elimination in diseases, Biliary elimination, Drugs in saliva, Drugs in milk, Drugs in expired air, Elimination in other secretions.
3. Influence of formulation on drug availability Introduction, Formulation aims: Physico-chemical factors influencing drug bioavailability; Rates of
solution, Complexation, Drug stability; Influence of route of administration and type of dosage form; Formulation factors; Solutions, Emulsions, Soft gelatin capsules, Suspensions, Hard gelatin capsules, Tablets, coated tablets: Sustained release dosage forms; Bioequivalence.
4. Receptors Structure, Forces involved in drug-receptor binding: Electrostatic interaction, Ion-dipole and dipole-
Ionisation, Determination of drug-receptor interaction; Drug-receptor theories: Occupancy theory, Rate theory, Induced fit theory, Macromolecular perturbation theory, Activation-aggregation theory
5. Metal complexation and salt formation in drug design Metal complexes in drug action and biological systems: foreword, coordination complexes, coordination number, chelating agents and chelation, Ligand selectivity, Medical applications, Metal chelation in antibacterial activity, Chelation in anticancer activity, Iron preparations, Metal-binding
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
in enzyme action: Choice of anion (or cation) for salt formation: Introduction, Factors affecting choice of anion (or cation)
Books for Reference
1. Smith, H.J. and Williams, H., Introduction to the Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, John Wright & Sons, Bristol, 1983
2. Silverman, RB. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1992
3. Foye, W.O., Lemke, T, L. and Williams, D, A., Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, B.I. Waverly Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1995
4. Nogrady, J. Medicinal chemistry, A Biochemical Approach, New York, Oxford University Press, 1985.
5. Roberts, S.M. and Prince, B.J. Medicinal chemistry, The Role of organic chemistry in Research, New York, Academic Press, 1985.
6. Franke,R. Theoretical Drug Design Methods, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1984.
7. Martin, Y.C. Quantitative Drug Design, New York, Marcel Dekker, 1978.
8. Yalkowsky, S.H, et.al., (Eds.), physical chemical properties of Drugs, New York, Marcel Decker,1978.
9. th edn., J.B.Lippincot Philadelphia,1991.
10. -4, 5th edn., New York, Wiley-Interscience,1995
11. Keverling Buisman, J.A., Strategy in Drug Research, Vol.4, Elsveir Scientific Publication Company Inc, 1982.
MPMC 203: MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY II Theory 35 Hrs.
Mode of discussion: Medicinal chemistry aspects to be covered, explain drug action on molecular biochemical basis, discuss structure activity analysis, stereochemical consideration, therapeutic utility (Excluding synthesis)
1. Antiviral agents: Viral diseases, viral replication and transformation of cells, anti viral agents: drugs involved inhibition of stages of viral riplication, amantadine, interferon, Zidovudin. Agents interfering with viral neuclic acid replication: acyclovir, iodoxuridin, trifluorothymidine, vidaravin, cytaravin, rivaverin. Agents affecting translation of ribosomes. Investigational antiviral agents.
2. Antineoplastic drugs: Nature of cancer occurrence, terminology, cell growth cycle. Mechanism of tumour formation: Mutation, changed gene expression, viruses, chemicals, and radiations.
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
Chemotherapy: limitation, mode of action. Anti neoplastic drugs: anyimetabolites, alkylating agents, DNA intercalating agents, antibiotics, and anymitotic agents.
3. Antipsychotic agents: Classification, drugs used in treatment of psychosis: phenothiazines, thiozanthenes, butyrophenones, dibenzazepines, dihydroindolones, benzamides, Rawolfia alkaloids, benzoquinolines
5. NSAID Classification of rheumatic diseases. Role of chemical mediator in inflammation. Antipyretics and analgesics. Anilines and para amino phenols. Anti inflammatory agents: salicylates, 3,5 pyrazolidine diones, arylalkanoic acid, aryl and hetero aryl propionic acid, N arylanthranilic acid, and oxicams
6. Peptides and peptide hormones: Angiotensin, oxytocin, anti diuretic hormone, bradykinin, and insulin. Design of drugs based on peptide hormone.
7. Prostaglandins and leucotrienes
Books for Reference: 1. Smith, H.J. and Williams, H., Introduction to the Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, John Wright &
Sons, Bristol, 1983
2. Silverman, RB. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1992
3. Foye, W.O., Lemke, T, L. and Williams, D, A., Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, B.I. Waverly Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1995
4. Nogrady, J. Medicinal chemistry, A Biochemical Approach, New York, Oxford University Press, 1985.
5. Roberts, S.M. and Prince, B.J. Medicinal chemistry, The Role of organic chemistry in Research, New York, Academic Press, 1985.
6. Franke,R. Theoretical Drug Design Methods, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1984.
7. Martin, Y.C. Quantitative Drug Design, New York, Marcel Dekker, 1978.
8. Yalkowsky, S.H, et.al., (Eds.), physical chemical properties of Drugs, New York, Marcel Decker,1978.
9. th edn., J.B.Lippincot Philadelphia,1991.
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
10. -4, 5th edn., New York, Wiley-Interscience,1995
11. Keverling Buisman, J.A., Strategy in Drug Research, Vol.4, Elsveir Scientific Publication Company Inc, 1982.
MPMC 204: NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY Theory 35 Hrs.
1. General methods of isolation and separation of plant constituents, Qualitative reactions employed for the detection of plant constituents. Application of GLC, HPLC and counter current distribution for separation and analysis of plant constituents. Application of IR, H1NMR, mass spectroscopy to structural determination of natural products.
2. A general study of the chemistry of anti- bacterial antibiotics, anti-fungal antibiotics, anti-viral antibiotics with detailed study of newer semi-synthetic Penicillins and Cephalosporin.
3. WHO Guidelines for evaluation of safety and efficacy of herbal medicine, quality specifications of plant materials and toxicity studies of herbal medicines.
4. A detailed study of the following classes of natural products with special importantance to occurrence, chemistry, biosynthesis, isolation, purification and estimation by physical, chemical and biological methods.
a) Alkaloids Indole alkaloids (Reserpine, Vinblastine etc.), Morphine and related alkaloids.
b) Vitamins Vitamin A, Folic acid, Vitamin B12 and Vitamin C
5. Steroids Detailed study of the structure and stereochemistry of steroid nucleus, Transformation of Steroids by micro-organism and synthesis of the following Cholesterol, Ergosterol (irradiation product), Oestrogen, Progesterone, and Testosterone
Method of isolation and estimation of the following natural products:
a. Diosgenin,
b. Quinine
c. Emetine
d. Penicillin and streptomycin
Books for Reference :
1. I. L .Finar,Organic chemistry Vol.-II 5th edition,ELBS.
2. S. William Pelletier Alkaloid chemical and biological perspective
3. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, 14th edition, ELBS.
5. Asolkar, Diosgenin and other steroid drug precursor, CSIR
6. Weinsten. M.I, Wegman, G.H, Antibiotics, Isolation and separation.
7. Gorog.S.,Quantitative analysis of steroids
8. E.Vardemme, Biotechnology of Industrial antibiotics
9. Vapoorte, Swendson, Chromatography of Alkaloids.
10. nd identification of Drugs by A.C. Mottal
11. th edition.
12. th edition.
13. Phytochemical methods of chemical analysis by Horborne.
14. The use of Pharmacological techniques for the evaluation of natural products by B.N. Dhavan; R.C.Srimal, CDRI, Lucknow.
15. Weiss creger, Techniques in organic chemistry
16. Nakanishi Golo, Natural Product Chemistry
17. Bentley, The Alkaloids Part I and Part- II
18. Fischer and Fischer, Steroid.
19. Indian Pharmacopoeia, 1996.
20. Makin and Gower, Steroid analysis.
21. Bernard Fried and Sharma, Thin Layer Chromatography techniques and applications 2nd edition.
22. N.S.Egorov, Antibiotics A Scientific Approach.
MPMC 205: DRUG DESIGN AND DRUG ACTION - THEORY 35 Hrs.
1. Drug Discovery, Design and Development Drug discovery: Drug discovery without lead, Lead discovery: Random screening, Non-random screening, drug metabolism studies, clinical observations, Rational approach to lead discovery. Drug Development: Lead modification: Identification of active moiety, Functional groups modification, Structure-activity relationship. Structure modifications to increase potency and therapeutic index: Homologation, Chain branching, Ring-chain transformations, bio-isosterism, and Quantitative structure activity relationship (dealt under theoretical aspects of drug design).
2. Theoretical Aspects of Drug Design Introduction, Theoretic Approaches: Property-Activity Relationships, Intrinsic Activity and Linear Free-Energy Relationships, Antibacterial Effect of Sulfonamides, Drug transport, Quantitative structure-activity relationships; Quantitative Model Construction: Property-Based Models, Structure-Based Models, Quantum Mechanics, Properties Calculated by MO Theory, Molecular Conformation, Computer Graphics Simulations. Introduction to Combinatorial chemistry
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
3. Drug Metabolism and Drug design Pro-drugs: Design of pro-drugs to improve physical and biological properties of a drug:
Enzymes concerned in activation of pro-drugs, Modification leading to increased absorption of a drug. Current research: Modification leading to elimination of unwanted physical properties of a drug; Modification leading to restriction of a drug to a specific site in the body, Enhanced enzyme activity, Differential pH. Modification leading to increased duration of action. Design of more efficient drugs from knowledge of drug metabolism: Modification leading to shorter action, Modification leading to longer action, steric hindrance of a vulnerable group, Replacement of a vulnerable group, Design of soft drugs
4. Enzyme Inhibitors and Drug Design Introduction, Basic concept, characteristics of potential drugs: Types of inhibitors; Reversible inhibitors and irreversible inhibitors, kinetics of reversible and irreversible enzyme inhibition, reversible and irreversible inhibitors as drugs: Examples of reversible enzyme inhibitors (antimetabolites) used as drugs: Antibacterial sulphonamides; Mode of action, Folic acid analogues in cancer chemotherapy, and bacterial (and protozoal) chemotherapy, Purine and Pyrimidine analogues in cancer (and viral) chemotherapy, Antihypertensive drugs Examples of irreversible enzyme inhibitors used as drugs including affinity leveling agents and mechanism based enzyme inhibitors such as Penicillin and Cephelosporin, Aspirin, Anti-convulsant drug, Anti-depressant drugs.
5. Drug Stereochemistry and Drug Design Stereoisomerism in pharmaceuticals: Chirality: Impact of enantiomerism on the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic profile of chiral drugs, Development of enantiopure chiral drugs, Enantioselective analysis and current regulatory affairs (US FDA, CDER) on the development of chiral drugs. Conformational Isomerism: Influence on biological action, Cis-trans isomerism: Impact on biological action.
Books for Reference:
1. Smith, H.J. and Williams, H., Introduction to the Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, John Wright & Sons, Bristol, 1983
2. Silverman, RB. The Organic Chemistry of Drug Design and Drug Action, Academic Press, Inc., New York, 1992
3. Foye, W.O., Lemke, T, L. and Williams, D, A., Principles of Medicinal Chemistry, B.I. Waverly Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, 1995
4. Nogrady, J. Medicinal chemistry, A Biochemical Approach, New York, Oxford University Press, 1985.
5. Roberts, S.M. and Prince, B.J. Medicinal chemistry, The Role of organic chemistry in Research, New York, Academic Press, 1985.
6. Franke,R. Theoretical Drug Design Methods, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1984.
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
7. Martin, Y.C. Quantitative Drug Design, New York, Marcel Dekker, 1978.
8. Yalkowsky, S.H, et.al., (Eds.), physical chemical properties of Drugs, New York, Marcel Decker,1978.
9. th edn., J.B.Lippincot Philadelphia,1991.
10. -4, 5th edn., New York, Wiley-Interscience,1995
11. Keverling Buisman, J.A., Strategy in Drug Research, Vol.4, Elsveir Scientific Publication Company Inc, 1982.
1. Screening of natural products for biological activities. 2. Estimation of elements and functional groups in natural products. 3. Exercise involving the extraction, isolation, separation and characterisation by modern methods and
quantitative estimation of therapeutically important phyto -constituents.
Reference Books
1. Phytochemical methods and chemical analysis by Horborne 2. The use of Pharmacological techniques for the evaluation of natural products by B.N. Dhavan;
R.C.Srimal, CDRI, Lucknow. 3. Techniques in organic chemistry by Weiss creger 4. Practical Pharmacognosy by Dr.C.K.Kokate,5th edition, Vallabh Prakashan. 5. Practical Pharmacognosy by Dr. P.K.Lala 6. Natural Product chemistry Nakanishi Golo 7. Natural Product chemistry Raphaetkhan 8. Indian Pharmacopoeia 1996 9. British Pharmacopoeia 2001 10. Steroid analysis by Makin and Gower. 11. Clerk
MPMP 207: MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY Practical 70 Hrs.
1.oxidation, Benzilic acid rearrangement, conversion of Cis isomer to trans isomer, Free radical coupling reaction etc.,
2. Synthesis, purification and identification of the following compounds employing qualitative analysis, Thin Layer Chromatography and FTIR a) Sulphonamides b) Benzocaine c) Coumarin derivatives etc
3. Workshop on drug stereochemistry 4. Any other exercise to substantiate theory
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
Books for Reference:
1. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds by D. Nasipur 1992,Wiley Eastern Ltd.. 2. Reaction mechanism in Organic Chemistry by S, M.Mukherjee and S.P.Singh. 3. Guide Book to Organic Synthesis by R.K.Nakie and Smith 4. T.L.C techniques and Application, 2nd edition ,by Bernard Fried and Sharma. 5. Spectrometric Identification of Organic compounds by Silverstein.
THIRD SEMESTER MPMC 301: RESEACH METHODOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICAL STATISTICS (Theory) 35 Hrs.
[Student should be familiar with pharmaceutical/chemical applications and use statistical tools, by way of calculations, but not expected to derive and find proof.]
1. Writing of articles, thesis scientific writing, preparing title, abstracts; organization of thesis and conventions adopted in writing; citing references; preparation of oral, poster presentation. Accessing required information in a systematic manner from abstracts, books journals, conference proceedings, thesis and dissertations, internet, CDROM etc. Ethics, rights, permissions
2. The Population - The sample; measures describing the center of data distributions; measurement of spread of data. Introduction to Probability - The Binomial and Normal distributions - their significance.
3. Statistical inference: -Statistical estimation (confidence intervals) - Hypothesis testing - t tests, F tests, ANOVA [one way], Chi square test.
4. Linear regression and correlation. 5. Control charts Constructing control charts, between batch variation as a measure of variability,
quality control charts in research and development, quality control charts for proportions. 6. Non parametric methods 7. Data characteristics suitable to non parametric procedures; Sign test, Wilcoxon signed rank test;
Wilcoxon rank sum test; kruskal Wallis test[one way ANOVA]; Runs test for randomness; Contingency tables.
References:
1. Pharmaceutical Statistics, 2nd Ed., Sanford Bolton, Dekker series. 2. How to write and publish a scientific paper, 4th Ed., Robert A Day Cambridge University presses. 3. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry 7th Ed., Skoog, West, Holler Saunders College
Publishing.
MPME 302(1) ADVANCES IN INDUSTRIAL PHARMACY (Theory) 35 Hrs
1. Pre formulation studies and new formulation development.
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
2. New drug development and approval process: Investigational New Drugs (IND), New Drug Application ( NDA ), Supplemental New Drug Application ( SNDA ) , ICH requirements for registration of pharmaceuticals.
3. Validation techniques.
4. Methods of enhancing bioavailability, solubilisation, pro drugs, enhancement of dissolution characteristics, bioavailability enhancers.
5. Pharmaceutical product stability testing- ICH guidelines.
1. Gennaro A R, Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th Ed.,Vol I & II, Lippincott Williams & Willkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2000.
2. Lachman L & Liberman H A, The theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy, 3rd Ed., Vergese Publishing House, Mumbai, 1991.
3. Banker G S and Rhodes C T, Modern Pharmaceutics, 3rd Ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1995.
4. Aulton M E., Pharmaceutics The Science of Dosage Form Design, 1st (International Student) Ed., Churchill Livingstone, New York, 1996.
5. Ansel H C, Allen, Jr., L V et al, Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery Systems, 7th
Ed., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, PA, 2000.
6. FDA Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21, Part 300 314.
7. Guarino, R A, New Drug Approval Process, Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1987.
8. Martin A et al, Physical Pharmacy, Indian Ed., New Delhi, 1998.
MPME 302(2) PHARMACEUTICAL HEALTH CARE - THEORY 35 Hrs.
1. Concept and necessity of Pharmaceutical Health care. 2. A rational approach in paediatrics and geriatric care. 3. Therapeutic consideration with rational approach during pregnancy and lactation. 4. Evaluation of Immune system and its fuctions. 5. Rational use of antimicrobials. 6. Assessment and clinical significance of malnutrition, enteral and parentral nutrition, Nutritional
consideration in major organ failure. 7. Standard treatment protocols of the following diseases Hypertention, Diabetes mellitus, Peptic
Ulcer, Diarrhoea, Urinary tract infection, Bronchitis, Asthma. 8. Self care: Constipation, Common cold, cough, pain, and sun light protection.
REFERENCES :
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
1. Drug Treatment Protocols, Edited by Damil H.Albert, 2nd Ed., American Pharmaceutical Association, Washington.
2. Role of Pharmacist in the health care system , WHO / PHARM / 94. 569
3. Handbook of Nonprescription Drugs, American Pharmaceutical Association, 12th Ed., 1996.
4. Standard Treatment Guidelines
m) by WHO n) by Government of India o) by Various state governments
MPME 302(3) ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT THEORY 35 HRS.
1. Errors in Analysis: Accuracy (absolute method, comparative method); Precision; classification of errors, estimation of errors, sources of errors, minimization of errors, normal distribution of errors. Significant figures in analytical chemistry rules and computations.
2. Calibrations, Standardisations: Calibrating signals, apparatuses; calibration curves external standard methods, internal standard method, standard addition method [applications in HPLC and GLC with calculations], linear regression of straight line calibration curves using the regression equation [applications and calculations].
3. Obtaining and Preparing Samples For Analysis: Importance of sampling techniques sampling techniques random, stratified, systematic, cluster, for quality control. Sample preparation reducing particle size, making solutions, separating analyte from interferants extraction, automated extraction, solid phase extraction, solid phase micro extraction, super critical fluid extraction and micro wave assisted extraction.
4. Validating the analytical method including bio-analytical method: Need for validation; historical background; validation of analytical procedures-- methodology guidelines of ICH; FDA; USP. Understanding of the following concepts in validation accuracy, precision, specificity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, blind analysis of standard sample, ruggedness testing, robustness testing, equivalency testing. Validating the method as standard method collaborative test two sample collaborative testing, control charts.
5. Development of HPLC method: Selection of tools: Choice of HPLC mode, Column, Mobile phase, Special additives. Method Development guiding tools: Separation factor, Selectivity factor, Resolution, Tailing factor. Controlling selectivity: Solvent: Organic phase, Aqueous phase, Additional Variables: pH, Stationary Phase, Temperature. Column Conditions: Flow, Column dimension, Particle diameter. Derivatisation.
6. System suitability tests as per Pharmacoepoeial specification.
7. Development of stability indicating analytical method
1. Fermentation (Microbial biotechnology): Introduction and scope, Fermentation process. Types of Fermentation processes: Batch culture, Continous culture, Fed-batch culture, Cascade fermentation. Upstream processes, Fermentation process, Monitoring microbial growth, Down stream processing, Microbial products, Improvements in microbial strains. Production of Riboflavine, Ascorbic acid, Fungal amylases, Citric acid, L-Glutamic acid and Penicillin.
2. Enzyme Biotechnology: Introduction, Properties and charateristics of enzymes. Basic nomenclature of enzymes. Factors influencing enzyme action. Sources of enzymes. Methods of enzyme production. Profile of some important enzymes: Hyaluronidase, Penicillinase, Streptokinase, Amylases, Protease. Enzyme Immobilization: Carrier matrices, Materials and Methods of immobilization (Adsorption method, Covalent bonding, Entrapment, Encapsulation). Advantages and disadvantages of immobilization. Application of Enzymes and Immobilized enzymes.
3. Plant Tissue Culture Technology: Introduction and scope. Princple underlying plant culture (totipotency). Nutrient media composition and preparation. Role of plant growth regulators in Cell culture. Laboratory requirements for plant tissue culture. Aseptic techniques and Maintenance of Aseptic environment. Basic steps in plant tissue/cell/organ culture. Selection and preparation of explants. Surface sterilization of explants.
4. Types of Plant culture: Callus culture, Suspension cell culture, Meristem culture, Organ culture, Protoplast culture. Subculture techniques. Precautions in Plant Tissue/Cell culture. Applications of plant tissue/cell culture: Micropropagation & Cloning, Genetically modified plants, Medicinal plant improvement, Production of secondary metabolites. Survey of phytochemicals produced through plant cell cultures.
5. Bio-Transformation: Introduction, Types of biotransformation reactions. Design and Methodologies for biotransformation. Cell immobilization, Advantages of cell immobilization. Illustrations of biotransformations with special reference to steroids. Examples of biotransformations using plant cells (Steviol, Codeine, Scopalamine, Hydroxylation of beta methyl digitoxin, Arbutin).
6. Genetic Engineering: Introduction, Properties of DNA. Replication of DNA, and enzymes involved. Steps in engineering the Genes and the enzymes involved. Cloning vectors. Introduction of rDNA into a host cell. Screening and selection of recombinants. Typical examples of Recombinant DNA technology products (human insulin, human growth hormone, Alteplase, Interferons, Vaccines, Coagulation factors etc).
Books for Reference:
1. Duby R. C., Textbook of Biotechnology, 2006, S. Chand & Company, New Delhi. 2. Nagori B.P. and Roshan Issarani, Foundations in Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2007, Pharma Book
Syndicate, Hyderabad. 3. Sambamurthy K. And Ashutosh Kar, Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, 2006, New Age International
Publishers, New Delhi.
www.Pharmainfo.Net
www.Pharmainfo.Net
4. Ashutosh Kar, Pharmacognosy and Pharmacobiotechnology, 2nd Ed., 2006, New Age International Publishers Ltd., New Delhi.
5. NIIR Board of Consultants and Engineers, Enzymes Biotechnology Handbook, 2004, NIIR, New Delhi.
6. NIIR Board, Plant Biotechnology Handbook, 2004, NIIR, New Delhi. 7. NIIR Board, Biotechnology Handbook, 2003, NIIR, New Delhi.
MPMT 303: Thesis Phase I
Field training for a period of one month in the institute, CRO or R&D of Pharma industries is to be completed at the beginning of Third Semester. The candidate has to prepare an Orientation Report.
FOURTH SEMESTER
MPMT 401: Thesis Phase II
THESIS III and IV SEMESTERS
Phase-I In the third semester, students will be placed to Pharmaceutical Industries / Hospitals / other allied organizations to provide orientation & exposure. Simultaneously the student will carry out a small project leading to a report at the end of that period. The faculty member of the department and an expert from the respective organization jointly evaluate the report for 10 marks. The students are expected to identify a project towards their thesis and start working on it and submit Phase I thesis during this stay. The students will come back to the Department to appear for third semester examination. On completion of third semester examination the students will return back to the industry/ Hospitals / other allied organizations where he was placed and would continue the thesis work under the collective guidance of a faculty member and a guide drawn from the collaborating organization.
Phase-II The students would continue the thesis work in the fourth semester, in collaborating organizations, under the supervision of two guides one from the Department and another from collaborating organization allotted by the Head of the Department of Pharmacy.
![Pharmacy Syllabus NEED BREAKING - pharmainfo.net · Theory and Practice of Industrial Pharmacy by Liberman and Lachman. 2. Z u ] v P } v [ W Z u µ ] o ^ ] v X 3.](https://static.documents.pub/doc/80x56/5b56e4077f8b9a835c8d0433/pharmacy-syllabus-need-breaking-theory-and-practice-of-industrial-pharmacy.jpg)
![[XLS]FIR - Ontario McKellar... · Web viewFIR and MPMP RIF and PMPM FIR2006: McKellar Tp Asmt Code: 4928 MAH Code: 86613 for the year ended December 31, 2006 RIF2006: Le Canton de](https://static.documents.pub/doc/80x56/5b02b08a7f8b9a84339001d2/xlsfir-ontario-mckellarweb-viewfir-and-mpmp-rif-and-pmpm-fir2006-mckellar.jpg)
