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PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
RosesRosesApplication of the Application of the Phytomonitoring Phytomonitoring
techniquestechniques for for
adjustment and adjustment and validation of validation of climate and climate and
irrigation regimesirrigation regimes
Phytech Ltd.Phytech Ltd.
20032003
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Phytomonitoring is an operative information channel based on direct measurement of plant condition
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Air TemperatureAir Temperature and Humidity Sensorand Humidity Sensor
Air TemperatureAir Temperature and Humidity Sensorand Humidity Sensor
Soil Moisture SensorSoil Moisture SensorSoil Moisture SensorSoil Moisture Sensor
Data RepeaterData RepeaterData RepeaterData Repeater
Recommended setup for RosesRecommended setup for Roses
PhytoGraph™ PhytoGraph™ SoftwareSoftware
PhytoGraph™ PhytoGraph™ SoftwareSoftware
2 x Stem Diameter Sensor2 x Stem Diameter Sensor(0 to 5 mm stroke)(0 to 5 mm stroke)
2 x Stem Diameter Sensor2 x Stem Diameter Sensor(0 to 5 mm stroke)(0 to 5 mm stroke)
Solar Radiation SensorSolar Radiation SensorSolar Radiation SensorSolar Radiation Sensor
Sap Flow SensorSap Flow Sensor(OPTIONAL)(OPTIONAL)
Sap Flow SensorSap Flow Sensor(OPTIONAL)(OPTIONAL)
Leaf Temperature SensorLeaf Temperature Sensor(OPTIONAL)(OPTIONAL)
Leaf Temperature SensorLeaf Temperature Sensor(OPTIONAL)(OPTIONAL)
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Greenhouse Roses:Greenhouse Roses: The use of the phytomonitoring in climate The use of the phytomonitoring in climate
and irrigation control practice and irrigation control practice
Adjustment of the Irrigation Rate Adjustment of the Irrigation Rate Nighttime air dryness effect: diagnostics and Nighttime air dryness effect: diagnostics and
control of elimination.control of elimination. Excess of salinity: diagnostics and control of Excess of salinity: diagnostics and control of
elimination elimination Control of growth rate by air temperature.Control of growth rate by air temperature. Dewfall warning and control.Dewfall warning and control.
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROLAdjustment of irrigation Adjustment of irrigation
schedule schedule
Call for measures:
•Negative stem diameter trend
•Midday depression of transpiration
Probable cause: Lack of water
Trial action: Increased irrigation rate since February 27
Adjustment of the Adjustment of the Irrigation Rate (Example Irrigation Rate (Example
1)1)
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROLAdjustment of irrigation Adjustment of irrigation
scheduleschedule
Results of the trial:
•Increase of Soil moisture level
•Uptrend of stem diameter
•Higher transpiration rate
•No midday depression of transpiration
Conclusion: Positive effect of new irrigation regime
Adjustment of the Adjustment of the Irrigation Rate (Example Irrigation Rate (Example
1)1)
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROLAdjustment of irrigation Adjustment of irrigation
schedulescheduleCall for measures :
• Instant response of stem diameter to the daytime watering (2nd daily one)
Probable cause : Lack of water before the 2nd watering
Trial action: Three waterings a day with higher daytime rate since November 8
Adjustment of the Irrigation Rate (Example 2)Adjustment of the Irrigation Rate (Example 2)
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROLAdjustment of irrigation Adjustment of irrigation
scheduleschedule
Conclusion: Positive effect of new irrigation regime
Results of the trial :
•Lesser Diameter contraction amplitude
•Uptrend of stem diameter
•No instant response of stem diameter to irrigation
40 µ/day
55 µ/day
Adjustment of the Irrigation Rate (Example 2)Adjustment of the Irrigation Rate (Example 2)
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Nighttime air droughtNighttime air drought effecteffect
Adjustment of irrigation Adjustment of irrigation scheduleschedule
Probable cause : Lack of water at night
Trial action : Supplemental nighttime watering since February 18
Call for measures :
•Depression of stem diameter growth at night
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROLAdjustment of irrigation Adjustment of irrigation
schedulescheduleResults of the trial :
•Apparent effect of the first supplemental nighttime watering
•Uptrend of stem diameter
•Nighttime stem diameter growth
Conclusion: Positive effect of new irrigation regime
Nighttime air droughtNighttime air drought effecteffect
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROLAdjustment of irrigation Adjustment of irrigation
schedulescheduleCall for measures :
•Nighttime air dryness
•Negative stem diameter trend
Probable cause : Lack of water at night
Trial action : Additional nighttime watering on October 15
Diagnostics and elimination of the excess of Diagnostics and elimination of the excess of salinitysalinity
Soil Moisture not scaled
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROLAdjustment of irrigation Adjustment of irrigation
schedulescheduleResults of the trial :
•Continued negative stem diameter trend (no effect of the trial action).
Next probable cause: Excess of salinity in substrate
Trial action : Flushing of substrate on October 17
Soil Moisture not scaled
Diagnostics and elimination of the excess of Diagnostics and elimination of the excess of salinitysalinity
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROLAdjustment of irrigation Adjustment of irrigation
schedulescheduleResults of the trial :
•Uptrend of stem diameter
Conclusion : Flushing was favourable. To repeat if necessary
Soil Moisture not scaled
Diagnostics and elimination of the excess of Diagnostics and elimination of the excess of salinitysalinity
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Diagnostics and elimination of the excess of Diagnostics and elimination of the excess of salinitysalinity
Adjustment of irrigation Adjustment of irrigation scheduleschedule
Soil Moisture not scaled
Regular flushing based on
Phytomonitoring indications
Soil moisture
Trunk
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Control of growth rate by air temperatureControl of growth rate by air temperature
Adjustment of climate controlAdjustment of climate control
Grower’s demand: To slow down stem growth rate on the eve of Valentine
Trial action : Air temperature reduced since January 13
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Adjustment of climate controlAdjustment of climate control
Results of the trial :
•No effect on stem diameter trend
Control of growth rate by air temperatureControl of growth rate by air temperature
Trial action : Air temperature reduced since January 13
Grower’s demand: To slow down stem growth rate on the eve of Valentine
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Adjustment of climate controlAdjustment of climate control
Conclusion: The goal was reached
Results of the trial :
•Deceleration of stem diameter growth rate
Control of growth rate by air temperatureControl of growth rate by air temperature
Next action: Elevated nighttime temperature since January 16 (for reducing net dry matter accumulation)
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
An example of effective dew control by combination of heating and ventilation. Leaf temperature exceeds DPT despite cooling effect on the leaf.
Dewfall warning and controlDewfall warning and controlBy comparison of leaf temperature (LT) and dew point temperature By comparison of leaf temperature (LT) and dew point temperature
(DPT), calculated by PhytoGraph(DPT), calculated by PhytoGraph
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An example of ineffective dew control by combination of heating and ventilation. Leaf temperature is below both air temperature and DPT that may cause dewfall on leaves.
RHRH
Air TAir T
DPTDPT
Leaf TLeaf T
PHYTOMONITORING™ in CROP GROWTH CONTROL
Summary:Summary: • The recommended PhyTalk Decision-Support unit (DSU) for greenhouse roses includes the following sensors:
• 2 x Trunk diameter sensors (0-5 mm stroke; 1-2 µm resolution)• 1x Leaf temperature sensor (optional)• 1 x Sap flow sensor (optional)• 1 x Solar radiation sensor• 1 x Soil moisture sensors• 1 x Air Temperature and Humidity Sensor
•This DSU allows adjusting irrigation and climate regime according to the trunk diameter trend, stem daily contraction and sap flow diurnal curve.
• Comparison of the dew point temperature, calculated automatically by PhytoGraph software, with the leaf and air temperature is useful for dewfall control in greenhouses.
